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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Access to the Sea and the Imperial Ambitions of Peter the Great
    Autorzy:
    Anisimov, Evgenii V.
    Lewandowska, Aleksandra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913267.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Peter the Great
    Charles XII of Sweden
    Great Northern War
    Russian Empire
    St Petersburg
    Baltic Sea
    Congress of Åland
    Treaty of Nystad
    peace negotiations
    imperialism
    Opis:
    Access to the Baltic Sea was the main initial goal of Russia’s participation in the Great Northern War (1700–1721). This military involvement was primarily due to the personal motives of Peter the Great, however, numerous different factors also played an important role. The foundation of St Petersburg, making it the capital city, and fortifying it with a defensive system was aimed at securing the Russian control over the mouth of the Neva. The military operations and diplomatic efforts undertaken by Russia in 1702–1709 were aimed exclusively to maintain access to the sea. At this time, Russia was ready to agree to the peace terms which were to grant it only the old Russian provinces of Ingria and Karelia. However, after the victorious Battle of Poltava of 1709, Peter the Great developed imperial ambitions. Under the pretext of ensuring the security of St Petersburg and ensuring Russia’s access to the sea, the Russians captured Swedish lands in the Eastern Baltic and Finland, and then annexed most of these territories. At the same time, Russian diplomacy constantly ensured of its readiness to conclude peace, but these attempts were rejected by the Swedes. Ten years of warfare and destructive raids on the coastal regions of the Kingdom of Sweden forced the Swedes to negotiate. The Treaty of Nystad of 1721 not only ended the war between Russia and Sweden, but it also became the starting point of the extraordinary development of Peter the Great’s imperial ambitions. Russia entered the world of great European and global politics as an empire, as an aggressive state of despotic character.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 4; 5-27
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Saksonia, Rzeczpospolita i Szwecja a koniec wojny północnej (1721–1732)
    Saxony, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden and the End of the Great Northern War (1721–1732)
    Autorzy:
    Kosińska, Urszula
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913257.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Augustus II the Strong
    Frederick I of Sweden
    Great Northern War
    Treaty of Nystad
    diplomacy
    eighteenth century
    Opis:
    Diplomatic negotiations aimed at ending the Great Northern War, conducted by Saxony, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden, which in the years 1721–1732 were formally still in conflict despite the Treaty of Nystad concluded by Sweden and Russia in 1721, have not yet been analysed from the perspective of Saxon and Polish diplomacy. The aim of this article is to examine this process, mainly in the light of primary sources of Saxon origin. Contrary to the popular belief that the many years of neglect to solve this issue were due solely to the weakness of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the author proves that there were many other factors involved. Some of the most important ones involved different political interests of the Commonwealth, Saxony and Sweden, and the changing international circumstances, including alliances, in the years 1721–1732. The article also presents how the original form of the peace agreement was developed. Instead of the signing of a peace treaty, it resulted in an exchange of royal letters between Sweden and, respectively, Saxony in 1729 and the Commonwealth in 1732. They included a declaration to ‘restore the old friendship’. Such a form of peace agreement, whose aim was to bypass Russian mediation, became the source of a common misconception that the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not a party in the Great Northern War.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 4; 29-54
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ПОВСЯКДЕННЕ ЖИТТЯ ТА ПОЛІТИЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ РОДИНИ ОРЛИКІВ У КОНТЕКСТІ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВІДНОСИН ПЕРШОЇ ЧВЕРТІ XVIII ст.
    DAILY LIFE AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF THE ORLIK FAMILY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 18th CENTURY
    Autorzy:
    Kovalevska, Olga
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2153602.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-12-12
    Wydawca:
    National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The Institute of History of Ukraine
    Tematy:
    Philip Orlyk
    Anastasia Theodora Orlyk
    Orlyk family
    Johann Stanflicht
    Great Northern War
    Treaty of Nystad
    Opis:
    On the basis of two surviving documents compiled by Pylyp Orlyk ("Promemoria" and "Diariusz podorożny ..."), as well as insignificant literature, the author made an attempt to analyze the daily life and political activities of members of the Hetman's family in the context of international relations of the first quarter of the 18th century. This was the period of the end of the Great Northern War and the preparation of the Treaty of Nystad. The Orlyk’s family was in exile and had been constantly changing the place of residence. The involvement of members of Orlyk’s family, including his eldest daughter Anastasia Theodora and her husband, in Pylyp Orlyk’s political affairs has long been a little-known fact. Based on the mentioned texts, the author of the article proves that Anastasia Orlyk was an active associate and assistant of her father, helping him to correspond with family members and political companions. In the face of constant political persecution by the Moscow authorities, relocations and family tragedies experienced by the Orlyk, the hetman’s wife could not always be useful to him. As a result, Anastasia’s role as one of her father’s political mediators increased significantly. An active assistant to the hetman was his future son-in-law Johan Stenflycht. He tried to help Orlyk get amnesty from the Tsar Peter I of Moscow on favorable terms, but his efforts were unsuccessful. Using the help of his children and relatives, Orlyk sought to maintain the interest of European states in the Ukrainian cause. Thanks to their joint efforts, the Ukrainian government in exile tried for some time to maintain its position in international relations in the 1720s and 1730s. Orlyk’s second daughter, Barbara, who was too young at the end of the Great Northern War, was not involved in her father’s political affairs. At the same time, after the death of her sister, Barbara became Stenflycht’s wife and mother of Anastasia’s children. Orlykʼs grandchildren on Anastasia Theodora’s side survived the early deceased mother, but did not survive their father. Stenflycht had no children in his marriage to Barbara. Thus, both branches of the Orlyk-Gertsik family tree were interrupted. Today in Sweden, you can still find material evidence of the life of Johan Stenflicht, but they are not connected with his Ukrainian wives and heirs of the exiled hetman Pylyp Orlyk
    Źródło:
    The International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings; 2022, 31; 77-94
    2411-345X
    2415-7198
    Pojawia się w:
    The International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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