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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 111
Tytuł:
Elements of thermodynamics in RNA evolution.
Autorzy:
Kierzek, Elżbieta
Biała, Ewa
Kierzek, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044144.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
thermodynamics
ribonucleic acids
Opis:
The paper presents some aspects correlating thermal stability of RNA folding and the occurrence of structural motifs in natural ribonucleic acids. Particularly, the thermodynamic stability of 2'-5' and 3'-5' linked RNA and the contribution of unpaired terminal nucleotides (dangling ends) in secondary (2D) and tertiary (3D) structures of RNA are discussed. Both examples suggest that during evolution nature selected sequences and structures of RNA which are the most thermally stable and efficient for their biological function.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2001, 48, 2; 485-493
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Classical irreversible thermodynamics versus extended irreversible thermodynamics. The role of the continuity equation
Autorzy:
Di Nucci, Carmine
Celli, Daniele
Fischione, Piera
Pasquali, Davide
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
classical irreversible thermodynamics
extended irreversible thermodynamics
elementary scales method
discrete approach
Opis:
This brief note focuses on a simple fluid, i.e., a homogeneous, chemically inert, and electrically neutral fluid, for which, in the linear nonequilibrium regime, the thermodynamic state is expressed by a relation between pressure, temperature, and density. The approach based on the elementary scales is used to check the validity range of both the classical irreversible thermodynamics and the extended irreversible thermodynamics. The achieved result reveals that the classical irreversible thermodynamics fails in providing an adequate response when the mechanical solicitations exceed limit values.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2022, 43, 2; 119--127
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermodynamics of solids with a state equation
Autorzy:
Wojnar, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/279690.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
thermodynamics
thermoelasticity
phase transitions
Opis:
The thermodynamic relations describing equilibrium of a multi--phase thermoelastic solid are obtained in a way similar to that used in the multiphase fluid theory. The phase transitions of the first order are defined and equilibrium equations of the Capeyron--Clausius type are derived. Also, the phase transistions of the second order are introduced and equilibrium equations of the Ehrenfest type are obtained. A general theory is illustrated by examples.
Analizujemy związki termodynamiczne opisujące równowagę ciała termosprężystego złożonego z wielu faz. Czynimy to w sposób podobny do stosowanego w teorii płynów wielofazowych. Po określeniu przejść fazowych drugiegi i trzeciego rodzaju wyprowadzamy związki typu Clapeyrona--Clausiusza i Ehrenfesta. Ogólną teorię uzupełniamy przykładami.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 1999, 4; 809-827
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermodynamic cycle of combustion engine with hydrogen fuelling
Autorzy:
Sroka, Z. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engine
thermodynamics
hydrogen
Opis:
Shortage of crude oil gives the reason to look for any alternative engine fuel. One of them is the hydrogen, which will be the most lean fuel between others. Knowledge of hydrogen as an engine fuel, its properties, production and storage problems were analyzed in this paper. At the end own hydrogen concept based on Fiat engine 900ccm was shown. Theoretical comparison between thermodynamic cycles for engine run on conventional petrol and hydrogen was done. Results have given the green light to future development. Petroleum recourses run out have given the reasons to find alternative fuel. One of them could be hydrogen. According to analyze done in the project it can be found similarity between hydrogen engine with 1=1,0 to petrol engine with 1=0,9. Pressure of hydrogen charge is in this case higher of 0.42 mpa and there is calculated in strength of existing engine. The results of estimation show possibility to use hydrogen as a engine fuel, maybe first as a dual-fuel engine like LPG system. Emissions of nox for hydrogen engine as well as theoretical engine work cycles for analyzed cases are illustrated in the engine.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 3; 573-578
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Utilization of Calcined Gypsum in Water and Wastewater Treatment: Removal of Phenol
Autorzy:
Igwegbe, Chinenye Adaobi
Al-Rawajfeh, Aiman Eid
Al-Itawi, H.I.
Sharadqah, S.
Al-Qazaqi, Shahd
Abu Hashish, Esraa
Al-Qatatsheh, Malak
Sillanpaa, Mika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123203.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
calcined gypsum
phenol
removal
thermodynamics parameters
Opis:
The release of phenol-containing effluents above the phenol permissible limit has triggered a lot of concern over the world due to their toxic nature. The adsorptive potential of gypsum on the removal of phenol was investigated. The effect of gypsum loading (0.5–3 g), contact time (2.5–20 min) and solution temperature (298 to 318 K) on the removal of phenol by gypsum was studied at neutral pH. The thermodynamics of the adsorption process was also studied. The kinetic data were fitted into the pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. The removal efficiency of phenol increased along with the mass of gypsum, contact time and temperature. The results of the thermodynamics study indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The change in free energy (ΔG0) was found to increase with temperature. The values of the estimated ΔG0 suggest that the phenol adsorption on gypsum is a physical adsorption process. Additionally, the kinetic data fitted best into the pseudo-second-order than the other kinetic models. This study proved that phenol can be used effectively for the reduction of phenol concentrations in water and wastewater.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 7; 1-10
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermodynamic analysis on disproportionation process of cyclohexylamine to dicyclohexylamine
Autorzy:
Valeš, Roman
Dvořák, Bohumír
Krupka, Jiří
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1849317.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
Cyclohexylamine
Dicyclohexylamine
Disproportionation
Chemical equilibrium
Thermodynamics
Opis:
This work deals with a study of the effect of temperature on the cyclohexylamine disproportionation to dicyclohexy-lamine, conjointly with the thermodynamic analysis of this process. The laboratory experiments were carried out in a glass tubular continuous-flow reactor in a gaseous phase at the reaction temperature 433–463 K over a nickel catalyst. The results show, that the temperature has a trifing effect on equilibrium conversion of cyclohexylamine. However, temperature affects the formation of hydrocarbons, benzene and cyclohexane, and dehydrogenation products of dicyclohexylamine, i.e. N-cyclohexylidenecyclohexanamine and N-phenylcyclohexylamine. The latter one is the dominant product of dicyclohexylamine dehydrogenation. The disproportionation of cyclohexylamine has slightly exothermic character. At the experimental reaction temperature range, the cyclohexylamine disproportionation is spontaneous reaction and other reactions of this process are non-spontaneous.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2021, 23, 3; 43-48
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phase Equilibria in the Bi-In-Sn-Zn System. Thermal Analysis vs. Calculations
Autorzy:
Dębski, A.
Onderka, B.
Gąsior, W.
Gancarz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
thermodynamics
differential thermal analysis
quaternary alloys
Opis:
With the use of the differential thermal analysis (DTA), studies of the phase transitions were conducted for 90 of alloys from the quaternary Bi-In-Sn-Zn system and for the constant ratio of Bi:In and Bi:Sn. The studies were conducted for the alloys prepared from the purity metals (Bi, In, Sn, Zn = 99.999 mas. %) by way of melting in a graphite crucible in a glove-box filled with Ar, in which the impurities level was less than 0.1 ppm. After melting and thorough mixing, the liquid alloys were poured out into a graphite test mold. The phase transition temperature data obtained from the DTA investigations were next confronted with those determined from the calculations based on the binary and ternary optimized thermodynamic parameters available in the literature. It was found that the experimental and the calculated phase transition temperatures were in good agreement.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 1945-1955
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagadnienia kosmologiczne przed Einsteinem
Cosmological questions before Einstein
Autorzy:
Heller, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
cosmological consequences of thermodynamics
Albert Einstein
relativistic cosmology
theory of relativity
Olbers paradox
Seeliger paradox
cosmology
thermodynamics
Opis:
Einstein's first cosmological work, published in 1917, marked the beginning of relativistic cosmology, but it was well founded on earlier questions concerning the world as a whole. The paper presents three such topics: the Olbers paradox, the Seeliger paradox, and speculations concerning cosmological consequences of thermodynamics together with some of their repercussions in relativistic cosmology.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2005, 37; 32-40
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling of fluidized bed biomass gasification in the quasi-equilibrium regime for preliminary performance studies of energy conversion plants
Autorzy:
Kalina, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185441.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biomasa
fluidyzacja
termodynamika
biomass
fluidized bed
thermodynamics
Opis:
Thermodynamic equilibrium-based models of gasification process are relatively simple and widely used to predict producer gas characteristics in performance studies of energy conversion plants. However, if an unconstrained calculation of equilibrium is performed, the estimations of product gas yield and heating value are too optimistic. Therefore, reasonable assumptions have to be made in order to correct the results. This paper proposes a model of the process that can be used in case of deficiency of information and unavailability of experimental data. The model is based on free energy minimization, material and energy balances of a single zone reactor. The constraint quasiequilibrium calculations are made using approximated amounts of non-equilibrium products, i.e. solid char, tar, CH4 and C2H4. The yields of these products are attributed to fuel characteristics and estimated using experimental results published in the literature. A genetic algorithm optimization technique is applied to find unknown parameters of the model that lead to the best match between modelled and experimental characteristics of the product gas. Finally, generic correlations are proposed and quality of modelling results is assessed in the aspect of its usefulness for performance studies of power generation plants.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2011, 32, 2; 73-89
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The kinetics, thermodynamics and equilibrium study of nickel and lead uptake using corn residues as adsorbent
Autorzy:
Tejada-Tovar, Candelaria
Villabona-Ortíz, Ángel
Gonzalez-Delgado, Angel Darío
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844359.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
adsorption
corn wastes
heavy metals
kinetics
thermodynamics
Opis:
Agricultural residues rich in lignocellulosic biomass are low-cost and sustainable adsorbents widely used in water treatment. In the present research, thermodynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium of nickel(II) and lead(II) ion biosorption were studied using a corncob (Zea mays). The experiments were performed in a batch system evaluating the effect of temperature and dose of adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to study the equilibrium. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were determined using kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich). Biosorbent characteristics were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was found that the hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic groups are the major contributors to the removal process. Besides, Pb(II) ions form micro-complexes on the surface of the biomaterial while Ni(II) ions form bonds with active centers. It was found that the highest Ni(II) removal yields were achieved at 0.02 g of adsorbent and 70°C, while the highest Pb(II) removal yields were achieved at 0.003 g and 55°C. A maximum Ni(II) adsorption capacity of 3.52 mg∙g–1 (86%) and 13.32 mg∙g–1 (94.3%) for Pb(II) was obtained in 250 and 330 min, respectively. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models best fit experimental data, and Langmuir and Freundlich models well describe the isotherm of the process. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔG0, ΔS0) suggest that the adsorption process of both cations is exothermic, irreversible, and not spontaneous.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 48; 197-204
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the turbulent boundary layer of a dry granular avalanche down an incline. I. Thermodynamic analysis
Autorzy:
Fang, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/280588.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
closure model
dry granular avalanche
thermodynamics
turbulence
Opis:
Characteristics of the turbulent boundary and passive layers of an isothermal dry granular avalanche with incompressible grains are studied by the proposed zero-order turbulence closure model. The first and second laws of thermodynamics are applied to derive the equilibrium closure relations satisfying turbulence realizability conditions, with the dynamic responses postulated within a quasi-static theory. The established closure model is applied to analyses of a gravity-driven stationary avalanche down an incline to illustrate the distributions of the mean solid content, mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation across the flow layer, and to show the influence of turbulent fluctuation on the mean flow features compared with laminar flow solutions. In this paper, detailed thermodynamic analysis and equilibrium closure relations are summarized, with the dynamic responses, the complete closure model and numerical simulations reported in the second part.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2016, 54, 3; 1051-1062
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Języki specjalistyczne w świetle wybranych założeń emergentyzmu. Przyczynek do rozważań teoretycznych
Languages for Special Purposes and Selected Concepts of Emergence. Theoretical Considerations
Autorzy:
Bajerowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/555376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Lingwistyki Stosowanej
Tematy:
anthropocentric linguistics
denotation
specificity
emergence
entropy
thermodynamics
Opis:
This paper is an extended Polish version of the article Emergenz, Spezifizitӓt und Entropie im Lichte der anthropozentrischen Linguistik, originally written in German and submitted for publication in the Germanica Wratislaviensia 144. First, a preliminary model of generating (specialized) knowledge will be proposed, which was built across anthropocentric linguistics, the concept of emergence and selected research in the field of neurobiology. The model is aimed at offering a possible solution to the problem of interdependence between human language skills and knowledge generating. Second, a redefinition of the terms specificity and entropy in the light of the anthropocentric theory of human languages will be outlined. It has to be highlighted that the present considerations are merely a theoretical draft which requires a more solid linguistic, philosophical and neurobiological foundation.
Źródło:
Applied Linguistics Papers; 2018, 25/4; 145-157
2544-9354
Pojawia się w:
Applied Linguistics Papers
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermodynamics and Kinetics Analysis on Carbothermic Reduction of Calcined Magnesite in Vacuum
Autorzy:
Tang, Qifeng
Ao, Jinqing
Peng, Biyou
Guo, Biao
Yang, Tao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2125546.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
calcined magnesite
carbothermic reduction
vacuum
thermodynamics
kinetics
Opis:
The carbothermic reduction of calcined magnesite in vacuum was studied. By thermodynamic analysis, the starting temperature of reduction reaction dropped from 2173K to 1523K when system pressure dropped from 1 atmosphere to 100 Pa. The experiments were carried out at different conditions under 10~100 Pa and the experimental results shown that the reduction extent of MgO improved by increasing the reaction temperature and time, the pellet forming pressure as well as adding fluoride as catalyst. The rate-determining step of carbothermic reduction process was gas diffusion with the apparent activation energy of 241.19~278.56 kJ/mol.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 3; 1021--1026
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adsorption of congo red from aqueous solutions by porous soybean curd xerogels
Autorzy:
Zhang, Z.
Li, Y.
Du, Q.
Li, Q.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778311.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
Soybean curd
Congo red
Adsorption
Kinetics
Thermodynamics
Opis:
Soybean curd is a very popular food containing high-quality protein, polyunsaturated fats, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. This study aims to prepare porous soybean curd xerogels via a vacuum freeze drying method and uses them as adsorbents to remove congo red from aqueous solutions. The morphology and functional groups of the soybean curd xerogels were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The adsorption properties of congo red onto the soybean curd xerogels were carried out through investigating the influencing experimental parameters such as the drying method, solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature. The results showed that the adsorption isotherm data were fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption kinetics of congo red onto the soybean curd followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°, were also determined.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2018, 20, 3; 95-102
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physicochemical study of dye removal using electro-coagulation-flotation process
Autorzy:
El-Hosiny, F. I.
Abdel-Khalek, M. A.
Selim, K. A.
Osama, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
electro-flotation
electrocoagulation
dyes
wastewater
kinetics
thermodynamics
Opis:
The performance of electro-flotation with aluminum electrodes for the removal of different dyes from synthetic aqueous solutions and real wastewater was studied. Parameters affecting the electro-coagulation-flotation process, such as pH, initial dye concentration, treatment time and temperature were investigated. The maximum dye removal from synthetic solutions was achieved at pH 7. The order of the dye removals is nonionic>cationic>anionic. The removal process follows pseudo first-order kinetics and the adsorption follows both physical and chemical adsorptions which is exothermic. Negative values of entropy change, ΔS°, and Gibbs free energy change, ΔG°, indicate that this adsorption process is spontaneous and less favorable at high temperatures. Treatment of a real wastewater from textile dyeing factory showed that the removal efficiency was ranging between 92-99% for all constituents. The energy consumption is 0.0167 kWh/dm3.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 2; 321-333
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 111

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