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Tytuł:
The Great War Revisited: The Laughter of the Fool and the Shame of the Coward in Paul Bailey’s Old Soldiers
Autorzy:
Sokołowska-Paryż, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Paul Bailey
Ted Hughes
literature
the Great War
veteran
crisis of masculinity
laughter
shame
Opis:
The purpose of the paper is an analysis of the representations of the cultural memory of the Great War in Paul Bailey’s novel Old Soldiers. The discussion will focus on the metaphorical representation of the futility myth (laughter) and the psychological representation of the crisis of masculinity (shame). The laughter of the fool has obvious connotations with the Book of Ecclesiastes, yet, as the analysis will prove, the depiction of the memory of the first day of the Somme battle through the prism of laughter has an important predecessor in Ted Hughes’s poetic sequence Crow. The attempts to escape the memory of cowardly conduct will be set in the context of the psychology of shame, which will allow deeper insight into the construction of the antihero in British literature about the Great War.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2012, 21/1; 17-30
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koniec epoki rewizjonizmu – rok 1945 w publikacjach gazety „Църковен вестник”
Autorzy:
Rusewa, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677564.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Carkoven vestnik
the II World War
the Orthodox Church
Tsar Boris III
the Great Bulgaria
Dobruja
Eric Voegelin
Opis:
The end of the age of revisionism – 1945 in the journal Carkoven vestnikThe main purpose of this article is to show a Bulgarian political and cultural memorial space from the perspective of the Orthodox Church, which is emblematic for the Second World War. In my work I analyse publications which appeared in the journal Carkoven vestnik between 1940 and 1944 concerning the religious, historical, political and social issues of the time. It is not my intention to deal with the religiosity of the Bulgarian people during this difficult period, even though the source material would suggest it. The idea is to reconstruct the attitudes of the Orthodox Church to the main contemporary ideologies and policies pursued by government of Tsar Boris III. I analyse the position of the Orthodox Church, which on the one hand stresses its role as the spiritual centre of Bulgarian society, and on the other as an institution serving national interests. I pay particular attention to the role of the „Great Bulgaria” myth and the age of revisionism, nurtured in the Church, in context of German assistance in regaining the territories lost after the First World War and Balkan wars. I present a detailed historical record of the annexation of Dobruja. All studies are placed in the broad social and cultural context of the age, as well as the context of local cultural texts. I base my analysis on the typology of Eric Voegelin, who showed Gnostic political influences in his works The New Science of Politics and Hitler und die Deutschen. Koniec epoki rewizjonizmu – rok 1945 w publikacjach gazety „Църковен вестник”Na łamach gazety „Църковен вестник”, będącej oficjalnym organem Bułgarskiej Cerkwi Prawosławnej, w czasie II wojny światowej publikowano teksty o treściach wyraźnie inspirowanych ideologią narodowosocjalistyczną, jednoznacznie wskazujące na polityczne zaangażowanie, wiążące interesy Cerkwi i państwa. Artykuł miał na celu pokazanie środków perswazji, jakimi posługiwała się ta jawna propaganda oraz stopnia zależności oficjalnego stanowiska Cerkwi od koniunktury politycznej w kraju i Europie. W refleksji na ten temat użyto terminologię zaproponowaną przez Erica Voegelina, autora takich pozycji jak Hitler und die Deutschen czy Nowa nauka polityki, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem szeroko omawianych przez autora gnostyckich inspiracji „odnowy świata”. Do przybliżenia złożoności problemu relacji kościelno-politycznych w Bułgarii oraz do przedstawienia wpływu haseł bułgarskiego rewizjonizmu terytorialnego na działania Cerkwi posłużyła analiza publikacji gazety kościelnej odnoszących się do aneksji Dobrudży Południowej.
Źródło:
Slavia Meridionalis; 2014, 14
1233-6173
2392-2400
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Meridionalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dlaczego powinniśmy pamiętać o Operacji Łódzkiej?
Why should we remember about Łódź Operation?
Autorzy:
Daszyńska, Jolanta A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/503357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Łodzi
Tematy:
Operacja Łódzka
Bitwa Łódzka
Bitwa o Łódź
Rzeź pod Łodzią
operacja manewrowa
Wielka Wojna
I wojna światowa
Łódź
Litzmannstadt
Łódź Operation
Battle of Łódź
Battle for Łódź
Łódź Slaughter
maneuver operation
the Great War, the First World War, Łódź, Litzmannstadt
Opis:
This article has been written in order to remember and tell us about the forgotten history from the First World War related to the city of Łódź, which is often referred to as the Battle of Łódź. Let us remember that Poles who were killed were fighting in opposing armies in foreign uniforms. They contributed to the fact that Poland gained her independence. Traces of Polish surnames can be seen in many graveyards from the period of Łódź Operation. It is important what this battle is called. The battles which took place around Łódź in autumn and winter 1914 are often called: the battle of Łódź, the battle for Łódź, Łódź Slaughter or Łódź Operation. Those names are written with capital or small letters, in inverted commas or not, sometimes written in italics. However the name Łódź Operation seems to be the most correct one, as it consisted of many battles and skirmishes, there were army transfers, attacks and defensive fights. Historians unanimously say that it was the biggest maneuver operation of the Eastern Front in the First World War. Łódź, a city abandoned by Russian authorities, faced all the consequences of war actions which then took place. The city survived the war time and equally difficult period of German occupation and on 11 November 1918 witnessed proudly the appearance of white and red flags.
Źródło:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne; 2015, 24, 2; 7-26
1231-1634
Pojawia się w:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
En ensom norsk grav i Poznań
Autorzy:
Lange, Tadeusz Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1163416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-11-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Halldor Espelid
andre verdenskrig
Sagan krigsfangeleir
Den store flukten
Hærens flygevåpen
331 skvadron
Sagan P.O.W. camp
the great escape
royal norwegian air force
331 squadron
World War II
Opis:
The article is an account of the life and death of Halldor Espelid, a young Norwegian RAF pilot born in Bergen, trained at “Little Norway” in Canada, shot down over occupied France, put in the POW camp for airmen in Sagan (now Żagań in Poland), arrested near Flensburg while taking part in the so-called Great Escape, and murdered at the age of 24 by the Kiel Gestapo. His body was cremated, his ashes buried at Sagan and later moved to the Old Garrison Cemetery in Poznań, Poland, together with the remains of 47 other participants of the famous Great Escape murdered at Hitler’s personal order.
Źródło:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia; 2015, 17; 48-55
1230-4786
2299-6885
Pojawia się w:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Existait-il un argot des poilus ?
Was there an argot of the poilus?
Autorzy:
Goudaillier, Jean-Pierre
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/966794.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
argot
argot of poilus
the Great War
neologisms
argot des poilus
grande guerre
néologismes
Opis:
There are few linguistic studies about the register of the French language spoken during the First World War, on the front and behind it. There are many written testimonies, but not all have been analysed and therefore it is for the linguistic researchers to dig out into this vast corpus and present their conclusions. Even if since then the linguists have indicated that there is such an argot of the poilus, it’s of outmost importance, from a methodological perspective, to update the neologisms of the 1914–1918 War in order to determine if the French soldiers on the front did speak such an argot.
Peu d’études linguistiques sont consacrées au registre de langue française employé pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, ceci tant au front qu’à l’arrière. Les témoignages existants sous diverses formes écrites sont très nombreux, mais tous n’ont pas été exploités, tant s’en faut, et il incombe aux chercheurs linguistes d’exploiter ce vaste corpus en le soumettant à leurs analyses. Même si dès la période de la guerre des linguistes ont pris position quant à l’existence d’un argot des poilus, il est important d’un point de vue méthodologique de mettre au jour les néologismes de l’époque de la guerre 14–18, afin d’établir l’existence d’un tel argot utilisé par les soldats français au front.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica; 2015, 010
1505-9065
2449-8831
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
In the Streets. The (Non-)Everyday Life in the City of Łodź during the Great War
Autorzy:
Karpińska, Ewa G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
everydayness
non-everydayness
Łódź
the Great War
Opis:
In this essay, I demonstrate how extraordinary was, in fact, the ordinary life in Łódź from the autumn of 1914 to the autumn of 1918, as illustrated by the texts in Nowy Kurjer Łódzki and Nowa Gazeta Łódzka, the two Polish-language daily newspapers issued in the city. I focus on the actions which, once considered everyday, i.e. ordinary and even routine, entered into the field of extraordinariness and created new norms and new routines, or even took control, as a result. I am interested in only those practices and events which unfold in the city space, outside the home and family, i.e. in the areas associated with general accessibility to all the residents.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2015, 192, 4; 549-558
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Los rodziny Antoniego Mysakowskiego w pierwszym roku Wielkiej Wojny
The history of the family of Antoni Mysakowski in the first year of the Great War
Autorzy:
Garbacz, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Wielka Wojna
I wojna światowa
Antoni Mysakowski
Janina Mysakowska
Franciszek Stachnik
Eugenia Dominiowa
Biłgoraj
Huta Krzeszowska
Nowiny
Zawadki
Lubelszczyzna
Syberia
the Great War
World War I
the Lublin Land
Siberia
Opis:
For the author of this publication, the hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of World War I became an opportunity to look at its first dozen moths in the south of the Lublin Land in the context of both military activities and the fate of civilians on the example of the family of the exiled Antoni Mysakowski, an organist from Huta Krzeszowska. The article was written on the basis of available publications referring to military activities in that area as well as unpublished family archives from early 20th century. The sources comprise the letters and documents confirming the imprisonment of Antoni Mysakowski by Russians in 1914 and his exile to Siberia, as well as parts of the diary of his daughter Janina, containing, among others, short reports from the front and its back-up in the territory of the southern Lublin Land – the places where she stayed with her family at that time. As the registers of births, marriages and deaths specify, the family of Antoni Mysakowski was connected with the Lublin Land from at least the 18th century, initially with the region of Chełm and Krasnystaw. Jan Mysakowski, the grandfather of the author of the diary, came with his family to Huta Krzeszowska which, at that time, was located in the district of Biłgoraj, around 1880. Their son, Antoni, spent many years in Huta with his wife, Stanisława nee Nowakowska. In 1894, their daughter, Janina, was born there. When the war broke out, Janina Mysakowska stayed in the area of Zwierzyniec and Szczebrzeszyn. When she stayed in the forester’s lodge in Nowiny near Nielisz, she found herself in the area of fights between the Austrian 4th Army of General Moritz von Auffenberg and the Russian 5th Army of General Pavel von Plehve. At that time, between 26 August and 2 September 1914, there was a great battle, referred to as the Battle of Komarów. Janina recollects the fights of 28 August. At that time, Eugenia Dominiowa nee Aleksiewicz (1872-1917), the wife of a clerk employed with a local sugar factory lived in Klemensów, where ordinate Zamoyski had his residence. In her diary, she described the military activities in Klemensów and in other places in the southern Lublin Land. Parts of that diary were published in 1938 in “Teka Zamojska”. Antoni Mysakowski’s family, staying in the area of Szczebrzeszyn, did not know his fate or the fate of other inhabitants of Huta Krzeszowska after the Austrians had marched into the area. It was only after her return home in 1914, when the Austro-Hungarian army was forced behind the San, that Janina got to know that her father had accepted the Austrians’ proposal to take over the post of a head of the village and, as a result, he was arrested by Russians. Janina described briefly the situation in Huta, where Russian troops were deployed permanently, she mentioned the fights by the San river which lasted over three weeks, until the Russians had crossed the river. At that time, the situation of Antoni Mysakowski, which was subject to military jurisdiction, was dramatic. After the proceedings conducted in April 1915 in the Dęblin Fortress, he was brought to the prison in Lublin, from where he was to be exiled. Some of the letters addressed to him, as well as the notes of his daughter Janina, were written in that period. After his departure, Antoni lost contact with his closest family remaining in the Lublin Land – his ailing parents, his wife, exhausted with pregnancy and labour, and all his children, of which one died when he was in prison. In May and June 1915, there were fierce fights in the region of Nisko between the Austro-Hungarian and Russian forces. Janina recollects them in some parts of her diary written in Huta Krzeszowska. The Austrian-German forces which, at the beginning of May 1915 began their offensive in Galicia and managed to break off the Russian front near Gorlice, forced the Tsar’s forces to withdraw from the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. In the territories which the Russian army was leaving, the evacuation of civilians began. During the evacuation, which comprised the inhabitants of eastern provinces, not only the state property, Russian offices and officials with their family were taken away. There were cases of mass expelling of people from villages and towns and destroying everything that could not be taken to Russia. The expelled civilians were exiled to Russia. Janina writes about it in her diary. The following pages of the diary describe the war-time experiences of the family, written from the end of June 1915 during the stay at the forester’s lodge in Nowiny near Nielisz. For the second time, Janina had to spend dramatic days under the rain of gun and cannon bullets. She writes about the fights of enemy armies, in this case, from the position of Austro-Hungarian and German armies fighting with Russian forces. The offensive of the allied forces under the command of General Mackensen ended at the end of July and resulted in defeating the Third Russian Army in the territories to the south of Lublin. Another stop during the wartime journey of Janina Mysakowska and her family was a village Zawadki near Susiec, where, among others, her grandfather, Jan Nowakowski, stayed. The author of the diary gives a brief account of the news from the front. Some of the information was brought by Austrian soldiers, who were still deployed in Zawadki as late as in September 1915. At the end of August, those exiled to Russia began to return, among others, to Huta Krzeszowska and other places near Biłgoraj. They were those who stayed behind the Bug River, in Volhynia, that is, the closest to the area they lived in. More people began to return as late as in mid-September, mainly those from the Lublin Land and those who were relatively close to the home country. Those who were taken far into Russia either died of hunger and epidemics or returned later, since they had to travel longer distances. In October 1915, after wandering during the war for several months, Janina with her family returned to Huta Krzeszowska. In 1918, the mother, Stanisława, died after a long illness and, two years later, a chronic disease resulted in the death of the author of the diary. Antoni Mysakowski, expelled to Siberia, settled in a small village Prospichina near Achinsk. As his situation was dramatic, he was helped by one of the organizations active in Russia – the Central Citizens’ Committee. His return to the homeland became possible as late as in September 1923. After that, he lived for 25 years, since he died in 1948 in Biłgoraj. He was buried in a local parish cemetery, near the place where, years before, his wife and daughter, the author of the diary, had been buried. The family of Antoni Mysakowski was one of hundreds Polish families which experienced trauma during the Great War. Presenting their history in the light of the war-time events was possible mainly thanks to preserved family documents and the recollections of Jadwiga, one of Antoni’s younger daughters, who died a short time ago.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 43-75
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mesjanizm Stanisława Przybyszewskiego
Autorzy:
Grajek, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/607736.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
messianism
“Zdrój”
Juliusz Słowacki
the Great War
expressionism
mesjanizm
„Zdrój”
I wojna światowa
ekspresjonizm
Opis:
The article describes the path of Stanisław Przybyszewski, broadly considered as a decadent towards the messianism concept. Basing on the theory of five world views by Michał Łuczewski, the author presents the writer’s apoliticism and life choices. The article outlines the romantic basis of Przybyszewski’s mindset, as well as the impact which the changing environment – move to Berlin, editing “Życie” magazine in Kraków, and years of cooperation with Poznań’s based “Zdrój” – had on him. The paper describes a significant influence that Juliusz Słowacki’s writing – especially the ones from his last, genesian period – had on the writer. The author analyses Przybyszewski’s perspective on Słowacki – first in the period of editing “Życie”, and later – working with “Zdrój”. The article distinguishes the contrast of influence which Słowacki had on Przybyszewski and Wincenty Lutosławski. The author points to the crucial rationale for writer’s changing world view: time of the Great War, and his financial problems due to declining popularity. This period is presented as the time of exploration – resulting in Przybyszewski’s turn to the romantic ideas of mysticism and messianism.
Artykuł przedstawia drogę Stanisława Przybyszewskiego, uważanego powszechnie za dekadenta, do idei mesjanistycznej. Autor tekstu, na podstawie teorii pięciu światopoglądów stworzonej przez Michała Łuczewskiego, przedstawia apolityczność pisarza i jego życiowe wybory. W artykule ukazane zostaje romantyczne podglebie światopoglądu Przybyszewskiego, a także konsekwencje wynikające ze zmian przezeń środowiska – od wyjazdu do Berlina, przez okres redagowania krakowskiego „Życia”, po lata współpracy z poznańskim „Zdrojem”. W tekście omówiono również przemożny wpływ na pisarza utworów Juliusza Słowackiego z jego ostatniego, genezyjskiego okresu. Na zasadzie kontrastu przedstawione zostały dwie drogi inspiracji Słowackim – Przybyszewskiego oraz Wincentego Lutosławskiego. Analizie poddano również stosunek pisarza do Słowackiego zarówno w okresie redagowania krakowskiego „Życia”, jak i późniejszej współpracy z poznańskim „Zdrojem”. Jako najistotniejsze przyczyny przemian światopoglądowych Przybyszewskiego wskazane zostają załamanie sytuacji finansowej pisarza, wynikające ze spadku popularności jego utworów, oraz trudna sytuacja literata podczas wielkiej wojny. Ten moment, zdaniem autora artykułu, stanowi w biografii Przybyszewskiego czas poszukiwań, zwieńczony zwrotem pisarza w stronę romantycznych idei mistycyzmu i mesjanizmu.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio FF – Philologia; 2015, 33, 1
0239-426X
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio FF – Philologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relikty archeologiczne Wielkiej Wojny. Znikające dziedzictwo, poza nawiasem nauki i konserwatorstwa
Archaeological relics of the Great War. Vanishing heritage, aside from academic studies and conservator’s care
Autorzy:
Sabaciński, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
archeologia pól bitewnych
I wojna światowa
Wielka Wojna
ochrona dziedzictwa militarnego
poszukiwanie skarbów
archaeology of battlefields
World War I
the Great War
protection of military heritage
treasure hunting
Opis:
Poland is one of the several states which became a theatre of military activities of World War I. The long-lasting trench warfare remained underground relics in the territory of our country, which are an element of tangible heritage. However, a proper conservator’s strategy to protect them effectively has not been developed yet. One of the methods of research of military conflicts is the so-called archaeology of battlefields, which is a novelty, also in Poland. The article points out an urgent need to develop effective methods of protection of material relics of World War I, which have sill survived in the field as relics of field fortifications constructed of non-durable materials, underground remains of military engineering, as well as the objects deposited in the original context or traces documenting the course of fighting. Archaeology is specified as a method for documenting them and drawing research conclusions, impossible to obtain in other research disciplines. A fundamental issue which makes it impossible to employ the conservator’s protection typical for the archaeological heritage is a scale of fights and their great range. For that reason, an effective protection method for such places should be developed, which would have to be based on a valorization of all historical resources. The article draws one’s attention to the hazards for the archaeological heritage of the Great War and points out its persistent marginalization by both researchers and historical monument protection services. It also refers to the problems connected with applying effective provisions of law to the protection of battlefields.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 131-140
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wielka Wojna na Lubelszczyźnie. Zniszczenia historycznych miast i losy zabytków
The Great War in the Lublin Land. Destruction of historical cities and the losses suffered by historical monuments
Autorzy:
Gałecka, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535270.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Krasnystaw
Ostrów Lubelski
Końskowola
Wielka Wojna
I wojna światowa
straty i zniszczenia wojenne
the Great War
World War I
war losses and destructions
Opis:
During the Great War, 342 000 square kilometres, that is, nearly 90 percent of the territory of Poland (within the borders before 1939) were the areas of direct military activities. Out of the 16 provinces, damages and losses directly caused by the war were recorded in 13 of them. The total number of buildings destroyed or significantly damaged during the war (following the data referring to the area of the former Kingdom of Poland only) was over 1 884 000. The direct causes included artillery and gun fire, dismantling for the purposes of trenches and other military purposes, fuel, as well as accidental or intentional fires. In 1915, the withdrawal of the Russian army involved deliberate destruction and burning of buildings. As specified in the statistical data, the largest losses as regards buildings in the territory of the present-day Lublin Province (taking into account the losses in the territory of the former Kingdom of Poland) were recorded in the district of Chełm – 41.9% (the largest of all districts). In other districts, the percentage of destroyed buildings was as follows: in the district of Hrubieszów 29.5%, Tomaszów 21.2%, Lubartów 21.1%, Lublin 17.6%, Krasnystaw 17.4%, Puławy 16%, Biłgoraj 14.7%, Zamość 12.8%, Janów 8.8% and Łuków 8.2%. Within those districts, many towns with historical buildings and historical churches, Orthodox churches, synagogues and public utility buildings were destroyed. One of the most valuable towns destroyed during the War was Kazimierz nad Wisłą, in which a number of historical, 17th-century tenements were burned. The article describes the destructions in three towns of the Lublin Land: Krasnystaw, Końskowola and Ostrów Lubelski. Krasnystaw during World War I was conquered three times. It was a strategic town, among others, for the reason of the nearby Russian railway Lublin – Chełm – Kowel. Within the historical town (that is, excluding the suburbs), 180 buildings were destroyed, including 68 residential ones. The Baroque, former Jesuit church of Francis Xavier, built in the years 1695- 1717 following the design of the architect Jan Delamars, was damaged. The brick synagogue and the seat of town authorities were burned. In 1915, the Russian army withdrawing from the territory of the Kingdom of Poland fought fierce battles on the section Końskowola – Kurów – Markuszów – Garbów – Jastków. They resulted in, among others, the destruction of Końskowola, in which 326 buildings out of the 333 recorded ones were burned. Roman Catholic churches have survived, but other parish buildings and the historical bell tower from 1778 were destroyed. The synagogue built before 1882 was burned and, for that reason, it was closed until 1921. The wooden residential and utility buildings in Ostrów Lubelski were destroyed nearly in 2/3 in August 1915, as the fire caused by artillery fire of German forces, attacking the withdrawing Russian army, destroyed 512 residential buildings (out of 822 recorded in 1914). The brick, Baroque Roman Catholic church, built following a design of the architect Paweł Fontana and a brick Orthodox church built in the years 1888-1890 following a design of the architect Wiktor Syczugow, were damaged by bullets. The history of wartime destructions and the losses borne during World War I concerning single historical monuments, groups of monuments and in the areas of historical urban complexes has not been examined and described exhaustingly, and many archival sources have not been studied yet.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 23-41
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ŻOŁNIERZE US ARMY NA EUROPEJSKICH FRONTACH I WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ
(Soldiers of the US Army in the European fronts of World War I
Autorzy:
Szczepanik, Wacław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-05-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu i Przedsiębiorczości w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim
Tematy:
armia Stanów Zjednoczonych
Front Zachodni
wojna okopowa
I wojna światowa
The Great War
United States Army
the Western Front
the trench warfare
Opis:
W pierwszych latach I wojny światowej Stany Zjednoczone prowadziły politykę izolacjonizmu. Przystąpienie Amerykanów do wojny w Europie w 1917 r. miało przechylić szalę zwycięstwa na stronę Ententy, niemniej pierwsze doświadczenia wojny okopowej szybko uzmysłowiły amerykańskim dowódcom jak bardzo podlegli im żołnierze nie są przygotowani do realiów konfliktu nowego typu. Dopiero zyskiwane stopniowo doświadczenie wojenne pozwoliło armii amerykańskiej osiągnąć odpowiedni poziom bojowy. O ile udział Amerykanów w walkach na froncie zachodnim nie był decydujący o powodzeniu kampanii to i tak stanowił poważny wkład w zwycięstwo nad Niemcami.
In the early years of the Great War the United States of America had decided to maintain the policy of isolationism. Joining of the Americans onto war was believed to turn the tide on the side of the Entente, but the first experiences of the trench warfare quickly realized the US Army commanders how green and unprepared their subordinates were. The early days of fighting showed that the US Army was not prepared for the realities of the new type of conflict. Only gradually gained war experience allowed the US military to achieve an adequate combat level. Even though the Americans did not turn the tide their presence on the Western Front was a great contribution to the victory over Germany
Źródło:
Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem; 2015, 1(4); 69-81
2353-6306
Pojawia się w:
Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Front włoski z czasów Wielkiej Wojny w zapiskach autobiograficznych Karola Bergera i Jerzego Alfreda Tomasza Kossowskiego
Autorzy:
Dorota, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647460.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Italian front, the Great War, Karol Berger, Jerzy Alfred Tomasz Kossowski
front włoski, Wielka Wojna, Karol Berger, Jerzy Alfred Tomasz Kossowski
Opis:
The Great War was the ‘armed conflict that radically altered the face of the 19th century world’. The old order of peace and hope lay in ruins. Of all that had seemed permanent and immutable, nothing had been restored to its former place, because things no longer had ‘their place’. When war broke out, Poland was without statehood, partitioned between Russia, Germany and Austria. Polish men of fighting age could not choose sides independently, but were conscripted on a territorial basis into the armies of the partitioning states, and thus many found themselves on opposite sides of the firing line, killing each other. Nonetheless, the fact that the 1914–1918 war was the first to involve directly all three partitioning states kindled profound hopes among the Polish people of regaining independence. Service in the Austro-Hungarian army did not initially bring discredit upon Poles, thanks to the policies upheld by Vienna, but later attitudes changed dramatically. In their autobiographical eye-witness reports of the fighting on the Italian front, Karol Berger and Jerzy Alfred Kossowski give us a detailed account of all the tragic, harsh realities of war. At the same time, Berger is perceptibly at pains to tone down the ferocity, to present war with as human a face as he is able, to create at least a surrogate of life and shared human existence. Kossowski, on the other hand, was a pilot, the man who prevented the bombing of the heart of Venice, St. Mark’s Square and Basilica, during the First World War. Their writings make clear how both men held the myth of Italy dear, striving not to be crushed by the machinery of evil, and also, whether through small gestures (Berger) or spectacular decisions (Kossowski), how both were able to dominate ‘the indomitable’.
Wielka Wojna to „konflikt zbrojny, który radykalnie zmienił oblicze dziewiętnastowiecznego świata”. Dawny porządek spokoju i nadziei rozpadł się. Nic, co wydawało się trwałe i niezmienne, po tym wielkim starciu nie wróciło już na swoje miejsce, nie było już bowiem żadnego „swojego miejsca”. Polska w chwili wybuchu Wielkiej Wojny pozostawała pod zaborami, podzielona pomiędzy Rosję, Niemcy i Austrię, była pozbawiona własnej państwowości. Polacy, nie mogąc o sobie niezależnie stanowić, zostali przymusowo wcielani do wojska zaborcy w zależności od terytorium, jakie zamieszkiwali; zmuszono ich do przywdziania uniformów obcych, zaborczych armii, w konsekwencji musieli do siebie strzelać i wzajemnie się zabijać. Wojna 1914–1918 to jednak pierwszy konflikt, w którym bezpośrednio zaangażowali się wszyscy trzej zaborcy, w związku z czym zrodziła ona wśród Polaków głęboką nadzieję na odzyskanie niepodległości. Służba w armii austro-węgierskiej początkowo nie przynosiła ujmy Polakom ze względu na prowadzoną przez Wiedeń politykę pozwalającą na zachowanie w jakimś stopniu „narodowego statusu”, ale sytuacja zmieniła się drastycznie wraz upływem czasu. Karol Berger i Jerzy Alfred Kossowski, uczestnicy i świadkowie walk na froncie włoskim, w swoich autobiograficznych zapisach przedstawili nam szczegółowe opisy tego frontu, które obnażają tragedię walk tam rozgrywanych, ale jednocześnie ujawnili okrucieństwo samej wojny. Uświadamiamy sobie jednak, że Polacy, a konkretnie Berger, czynili wszystko, aby oswoić tamtą straszną wojnę i nadać jej w miarę możliwości jakieś ludzkie oblicze, stworzyć choćby surogat życia i normalnego współistnienia. Dzięki Kossowskiemu i jego działaniom podczas pierwszej wojny światowej nie doszło do zbombardowania Wenecji, a dokładniej samego jej serca, tj. Placu św. Marka z jego Bazyliką. Zapiski autobiograficzne, o których mowa, pokazują, jak bardzo obu uczestnikom wojennych zmagań drogi był mit Italii i jak wiele robili, aby nie pozwolić się zniszczyć machinie zła. Zarówno przez drobne gesty (postawa Bergera) czy spektakularne działania (postawa Kossowskiego) czynili wszystko, aby opanować „nieopanowane” okrucieństwo wojny.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2016, 23, 2
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jeńcy austro-węgierscy w niewoli rosyjskiej w okresie przedrewolucyjnym (sierpień 1914 – luty 1917)
Austro-Hungarian POWs in Russian captivity during the pre-revolutionary period (August 1914 – February 1917)
Autorzy:
Miodowski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951457.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
The Great War
the Austro Hungarian prisoners of war
captivity in Russia
POW camps
Opis:
During the Great War between 2.2 and 2.3 million POWs from the Central Powers were taken to Russian captivity. Most of them were citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. They became POWs mostly during the years 1914–1916. Apart from those captured during fighting or wounded, the captivity was the final destination for deserters and those who voluntarily decided to surrender themselves to the enemy on the battlefield. The motives of the latter ones were varied. Irrespective of the circumstances, however, in which the Austro-Hungarian solders found themselves in Russian captivity, their further fates as POWs were equally harsh. The hardships of captivity were felt more by the officers and Austrian and Hungarian soldiers, and to a lesser degree by those from the so-called “friendly nations”. POWs of Slavic ethnicity had been treated, prior to February 1917, relatively favourably and had much more freedom in, for instance, everyday contacts with the Russian civilian population. The period of captivity lasting several years put many Austro-Hungarian POWs (mainly Slavs) onto the path of enculturation with Russianness. That process and a parallel socialisation of this particular group of military men forced to learn to live among Russians both remain the most intriguing and still un-researched social phenomena caused by the Great War. That process gained new dynamics and another direction due to the outbreak of both Russian revolutions in 1917. Especially the latter one brought about by bolsheviks resulted in grave consequences not only in terms of individual dimension affecting individual POWs, but also in a wider social dimension, the consequences of which were to become apparent on a wider spectrum and after a longer time, i.e. in the home countries of the POWs upon their return from captivity.
Źródło:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne; 2016, 14
1425-1930
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jezuici prowincji litewskiej wobec epidemii dżumy z lat 1708–1711
Jesuits of the Lithuanian province in the face of the epidemic of plague in the years 1708–1711
Autorzy:
Mariani, Andrea
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193950.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the Society of Jesus
contagious diseases
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
the 18th century
the Great Northern War (1700–1721)
Opis:
The article presents the activity of the Jesuits during the epidemic of plague in the Rzeczpospolita during the Great Northern War. The author concentrates mainly on the Lithuanian province of the Society of Jesus, where the epidemic caused the highest number of deaths. Against the description of the structure of the personnel and the issue of the mortality rate among the monks prior to the outbreak of the epidemic, the author characterizes the variety of activities undertaken by the Jesuits. On the one hand, the aim of the Jesuits’ activity was to fulfill the mission of the Society, which consisted in providing spiritual and material help to fellow human beings. On the other hand, the aim was to protect the material and human resources of the Society. In the face of the epidemic most members of the Society left the college to seek shelter in one of the estates belonging to the Jesuits. Several Jesuit monks decided to stay to serve the sick monks and the inhabitants of the town who were unable to escape. According to the hierarchy of values of the Jesuits and the laudatory topic a appearing in the home chronicles, the death of those Jesuits was presented as the achievement of the highest good. The Jesuits paid a high price for their material and spiritual involvement - the consequences of the epidemic continued to be visible many years after the outbreak of the plague.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 2; 65-104
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
STEFAN BŁACHOWSKI WŚRÓD ZAWIERUCHY WIELKIEJ WOJNY
Stefan Błachowski amid the turmoil of the Great War
Autorzy:
Stachowski, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/564843.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
historia polskiej psychologii
Stefan Błachowski
Wielka Wojna
ideał bliskiej przyszłości psychologii
the Great War
the history of Polish psychology
the ideal of the distant future of psychology
Opis:
Treścią artykułu jest życie i początek działalności naukowej Stefana Błachowskiego (1889–1962), ważnej postaci w historii polskiej psychologii w mrocznych latach Wielkiej Wojny, a także opis przeszkód, jakie musiał pokonać na drodze do doktoratu u Georga Müllera w Getyndze. Akademicką pracę naukową Błachowskiego dwukrotnie przerywał obowiązek służby wojskowej. Omówiona szczegółowo w artykule główna rozprawa naukowa Błachowskiego na temat nastawień i spostrzeżeń, choć napisana w niesprzyjających warunkach wojennych, nie straciła na aktualności.
This paper traces the life and the beginnings of the scientific career of Stefan Błachowski (1889–1962), a key figure in the history of Polish psychology, during the darkest days of the Great War. It outlines how and why the road to pursue his doctorate under the supervision of Georg Müller at Göttingen University was beset by many hurdles. The article also demonstrates how Błachowski’s academic path was twice interrupted by military service and why his main work Nastawienia i spostrzeżenia (Sets and Perceptions), despite the fact that it came into being in all the vicissitudes of war, made a contribution of lasting value.
Źródło:
Studia Psychologica; 2016, 16, 1; 71-96
1642-2473
Pojawia się w:
Studia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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