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Tytuł:
Konfederacja targowicka w 1792 r. w świetle korespondencji służbowej rosyjskiego generała Michaiła Kreczetnikowa
Targowica Confederation of 1792 in the Light of Official Correspondence of Russian General Mikhail Krechetnikov
Autorzy:
Anipiarkou, Vadzim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/654061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Targowica Confederation
Russian war against the Commonwealth of 1792
military correspondence
Great Duchy of Lithuania
Mikhail N. Krechetnikov
Szymon Kossakowski
konfederacja targowicka
wojna Rosji z Rzecząpospolitą 1792 r.
korespondencja wojskowa
Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie
Michaił Nikiticz Kreczetnikow
Opis:
Szczegółowa analiza korespondencji M.N. Kreczetnikowa, dowódcy wojsk rosyjskich w wojnie 1792 r., którego zadaniem było opanowanie terenu Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i wspieranie targowiczan w zawiązywaniu lokalnych konfederacji, daje nowe, istotne informacje o tych ważnych dla historii Rzeczypospolitej wydarzeniach. Przede wszystkim ukazuje istotną rozbieżność między informacjami zawartymi w opublikowanych raportach Kreczetnikowa do Katarzyny II i P.A. Zubowa a w niepublikowanej oraz mało znanej części jego korespondencji do N.I. Sałtykowa. 
The author analyses the official correspondence of the commander of the Russian army Mikhail N. Krechetnikov, revealing completely different accounts and opinions of the events of the 1792 war and the creation of pro-Russian confederations in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. One part of Krechetnikov’s letters to Empress Catherine II and her favourite Platon A. Zubov is widely known; it was published as early as the nineteenth century, and when there was no access to Russian archives, it often served as a basis for researchers’ theses and establishments of facts. In this part of his letters, Krechetnikov described in detail the victories of Russian troops and their political consequences in the form of the creation of local confederations, while refraining from comments that could even partially overshadow the success in the eyes of the empress. His other, much more personal and real opinions about the events of 1792, are to be found in Krechetnikov’s letters to the head of the Military College in the person of Nikolai I. Saltykov, which have not been published.One of the main subjects of this correspondence was the sharp conflict between Krechetnikov and Szymon Kossakowski, one of the members of the confederation of Targowica and Zubov’s protégé. It is this part of the letters that remains unknown even to specialists, while it contains in the most objective Kreczetnikov’s presentation of military and political events of 1792, with a description of numerous problems of the Russian army, their fears of uprising at the back of their troops and difficulties in creating local confederations. After comparing the content of Krechetnikov’s correspondence to various recipients, we can clearly see that the reports sent to Empress Catherine II by military commanders did not provide a real picture of the situation; only after analysing other archival materials (in this case correspondence with Saltykov), we can learn the real situation. Most importantly, this image shows in a completely different light the scene of the struggle in the war of 1792 and its assessment from the perspective of its main actors, Russian commanders. 
Автор анализирует содержание служебной переписки генерал-аншефа российских войск М.Н. Кречетникова, с указанием противоречивого отражения в ней военных событий 1792 г. и создания пророссийских конфедераций в Великом Княжестве Литовском. Одна часть писем М.Н. Кречетникова, Екатерине II и её фавориту П.А. Зубову, – широко известна, поскольку была опубликована в ХIХ веке и в ситуации отсутствия доступа к российским архивам часто служила исследователям основой для выводов и предположений. В этой части своих донесений М.Н. Кречетников подробно описывал победы российского оружия и их политические последствия, в виде образования местных конфедераций, воздерживаясь при этом от добавления информации, которая могла бы даже частично затмить успех в глазах императрицы. Иную, гораздо более личную и объективную, оценку со стороны М.Н. Кречетникова события 1792 г. получили в его неопубликованных письмах к руководителю Военной коллегии России Н.И. Салтыкову. Один из центральных сюжетов их переписки – острый конфликт М.Н. Кречетникова с Ш. Коссаковским, представителем конфедерации, выступающим в роли протеже П.А. Зубова.Хотя данная группа источников остается неизвестной даже специалистам, именно она содержит наиболее объективное изложение М.Н. Кречетниковым военно-политических событий 1792 г., с констатацией многочисленных проблем российской армии, наличия у российских офицеров опасений восстания в тылу своих войск, описания ими трудностей создания локальных конфедераций. Таким образом, сравнение содержания разных групп служебной переписки М.Н. Кречетникова показывает, что отправляемые Екатерине II российскими военачальниками рапорты не отражали истинный характер дел; только после знакомства с другими источниками (в данном случае, с корреспонденцией Н.И. Салтыкова) мы можем увидеть реальную картину событий. Самое главное, что эта картина в совершенно ином свете показывает сцену войны 1792 года и оценку происходящих на ней событий с точки зрения главных действующих лиц, руководителей российской армии.
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2019, 54, 1; 75-97
2353-6403
1230-5057
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Access to the Sea and the Imperial Ambitions of Peter the Great
Autorzy:
Anisimov, Evgenii V.
Lewandowska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913267.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Peter the Great
Charles XII of Sweden
Great Northern War
Russian Empire
St Petersburg
Baltic Sea
Congress of Åland
Treaty of Nystad
peace negotiations
imperialism
Opis:
Access to the Baltic Sea was the main initial goal of Russia’s participation in the Great Northern War (1700–1721). This military involvement was primarily due to the personal motives of Peter the Great, however, numerous different factors also played an important role. The foundation of St Petersburg, making it the capital city, and fortifying it with a defensive system was aimed at securing the Russian control over the mouth of the Neva. The military operations and diplomatic efforts undertaken by Russia in 1702–1709 were aimed exclusively to maintain access to the sea. At this time, Russia was ready to agree to the peace terms which were to grant it only the old Russian provinces of Ingria and Karelia. However, after the victorious Battle of Poltava of 1709, Peter the Great developed imperial ambitions. Under the pretext of ensuring the security of St Petersburg and ensuring Russia’s access to the sea, the Russians captured Swedish lands in the Eastern Baltic and Finland, and then annexed most of these territories. At the same time, Russian diplomacy constantly ensured of its readiness to conclude peace, but these attempts were rejected by the Swedes. Ten years of warfare and destructive raids on the coastal regions of the Kingdom of Sweden forced the Swedes to negotiate. The Treaty of Nystad of 1721 not only ended the war between Russia and Sweden, but it also became the starting point of the extraordinary development of Peter the Great’s imperial ambitions. Russia entered the world of great European and global politics as an empire, as an aggressive state of despotic character.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 4; 5-27
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
World Travellers: Colonial Loyalties, Border Crossing and Cosmopolitanism in Recent Postcolonial First World War Novels
Autorzy:
Branach-Kallas, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888773.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
The Great War
colonial loyalties
cosmopolitanism
Indigenous writing
Alan Cumyn
Thomas Kenneally
Gerald Vizenor
cultural memory
Opis:
This article offers a comparative analysis of the representation of travelling men and women in The Sojourn (2003) by Canadian writer Alan Cumyn, The Daughters of Mars (2012) by Australian novelist Thomas Kenneally and Blue Ravens: Historical Novel (2014) by North American indigenous author Gerald Vizenor. These three novels explore the cliché of colonial loyalties, illustrating the diverse motivations that led individuals from North America and Australia to volunteer for the war. Cumyn, Kenneally and Vizenor undermine the stereotypical location of the colonial traveller in an uncultured space; in their fiction the war provides a pretext to expose imperial ideologies, to redefi ne collective identities, as well as to rethink the relationship between the local and the cosmopolitan. As a result, the First World War is reconfi gured in terms of border crossing, contact and/or transcultural exchange, which result in radical shifts in consciousness, a critique of imperialism, as well as aspirations for cultural/political autonomy.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2018, 27/3; 183-200
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Porzućcie wszelką nadzieję, którzy tu wchodzicie”. Gieorgij Efron: 68 listów z piekła sowieckiego raju: 1940–1944. Przekład z rosyjskiego, redakcja i opracowanie naukowe Grzegorz Ojcewicz. Szczytno: Wydawnictwo Greg-Art, 2022, 436 s.
Autorzy:
Brzykcy, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15621512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Filologiczny
Tematy:
Grzegorz Ojcewicz
Georgiy Efron
epistolography
Soviet Union
totalitarianism
The Great Patriotic War
review
Opis:
“Abandon Hope All Ye Who Enter Here” The article reflects on a volume of letters by Georgiy Efron, a son of the poet Marina Tsvetaeva, written between 1940 and 1944. In it, I discuss the editorial and translatorial strategies adopted by Grzegorz Ojcewicz, which were designed to create a comprehensive biographical and psychological study of the author of the letters. This is evidenced by a carefully prepared philological commentary to the correspondence and the thematic articles included in the volume. I consider Efron’s letters in the context of the three-volume edition of his “Diaries”, an earlier editorial initiative by G. Ojcewicz dated 2019–2021.
Źródło:
Studia Rossica Gedanensia; 2022, 9; 251-254
2449-6715
2392-3644
Pojawia się w:
Studia Rossica Gedanensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Happy is the Land that Needs No Heroes
Autorzy:
Coates, Donna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889014.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
The Great War
Australian war literature
Canadian war literature
ANZAC
the battle of Vimy Ridge
cultural memory/amnesia
Opis:
This essay interrogates two articles by the Canadian historian Jeff Keshen and the Australian historian Mark Sheftall, which assert that the representations of soldiers in the First World War (Anzacs in Australia, members of the Canadian Expeditionary Forces, the CEF), are comparable. I argue, however, that in reaching their conclusions, these historians have either overlooked or insufficiently considered a number of crucial factors, such as the influence the Australian historian/war correspondent C. E. W. Bean had on the reception of Anzacs, whom he venerated and turned into larger-than-life men who liked fighting and were good at it; the significance of the “convict stain” in Australia; and the omission of women writers’ contributions to the “getting of nationhood” in each country. It further addresses why Canadians have not embraced Vimy (a military victory) as their defining moment in the same way as Australians celebrate the landing at Anzac Cove (a military disaster), from which they continue to derive their sense of national identity. In essence, this essay advances that differences between the two nations’ representations of soldiers far outweigh any similarities.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2018, 27/3; 111-142
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zabiegi Marii Kazimiery o tron dla królewicza Jakuba w czasie wielkiej wojny północnej w świetle korespondencji z Narodowego Archiwum Historycznego Białorusi w Mińsku (1701-1704)
Maria Casimire’s attempts to secure the throne for Prince James during the Great Northern War in the light of the correspondence in the National Historical Archive of Belarus in Minsk (1701–1704)
Autorzy:
Czarniecka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1965529.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie
Tematy:
Queen Maria Casimire of Poland
King Augustus II of Poland
the Great Northern War
Prince James Sobieski
King Charles XII of Sweden
history of Poland in the 18th century
Opis:
The article presents the actions undertaken by Maria Casimire during the Great Northern War in the hope of securing the throne of Poland for her eldest son Prince James. It is based on the queen's private correspondence with her eldest son, held in the National Historical Archive of Belarus in Minsk and being prepared for publication by the Museum of King John III's Palace at Wilanów. Letters dating from the years 1701-1704 reveal the queen's futile diplomatic endeavours to sway the opinion of the Holy See, as well as her attempts to secure the support of various European courts and to influence the anti-royalist opposition in Greater Poland through the intercession of supportive politicians. In addition, her correspondence discloses arguments referring to moral and ideological categories which the Sobieski family used to justify its actions, which were detrimental to the lawful reign of King Augustus II. The contents of these letters demonstrates Maria Casimire's considerable political experience; the queen was well versed in the mechanisms that ruled the democracy of the nobility, and especially in the bad political practices typical to it. The queen was her son's best advisor, mobilising him to act in concert with King Charles XII of Sweden, even though she herself was for a long time distrustful of him. Her correspondence with the prince indicates that Maria Casimire was deeply involved in the matter of her son's repeated election, but also shows that she was losing her political influence, especially in comparison with the period of the interregnum after the death of her husband King John III
Źródło:
Studia Wilanowskie; 2020, XXVII; 61-89
0137-7329
2720-0116
Pojawia się w:
Studia Wilanowskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dlaczego powinniśmy pamiętać o Operacji Łódzkiej?
Why should we remember about Łódź Operation?
Autorzy:
Daszyńska, Jolanta A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/503357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Łodzi
Tematy:
Operacja Łódzka
Bitwa Łódzka
Bitwa o Łódź
Rzeź pod Łodzią
operacja manewrowa
Wielka Wojna
I wojna światowa
Łódź
Litzmannstadt
Łódź Operation
Battle of Łódź
Battle for Łódź
Łódź Slaughter
maneuver operation
the Great War, the First World War, Łódź, Litzmannstadt
Opis:
This article has been written in order to remember and tell us about the forgotten history from the First World War related to the city of Łódź, which is often referred to as the Battle of Łódź. Let us remember that Poles who were killed were fighting in opposing armies in foreign uniforms. They contributed to the fact that Poland gained her independence. Traces of Polish surnames can be seen in many graveyards from the period of Łódź Operation. It is important what this battle is called. The battles which took place around Łódź in autumn and winter 1914 are often called: the battle of Łódź, the battle for Łódź, Łódź Slaughter or Łódź Operation. Those names are written with capital or small letters, in inverted commas or not, sometimes written in italics. However the name Łódź Operation seems to be the most correct one, as it consisted of many battles and skirmishes, there were army transfers, attacks and defensive fights. Historians unanimously say that it was the biggest maneuver operation of the Eastern Front in the First World War. Łódź, a city abandoned by Russian authorities, faced all the consequences of war actions which then took place. The city survived the war time and equally difficult period of German occupation and on 11 November 1918 witnessed proudly the appearance of white and red flags.
Źródło:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne; 2015, 24, 2; 7-26
1231-1634
Pojawia się w:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Religion of Victory, the Cult of a Superpower. The Myth of the Great Patriotic War in the Contemporary Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Domańska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108332.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
Tematy:
Russia
the Great Patriotic War
the Victory of 1945
politics of history
the great power politics
authoritarianism
World War II
propaganda
Russian foreign policy
Opis:
The glorification of the Soviet victory over Nazism is the focal point of Russia’s politics of history and an element of the ideological offensive that aims to legitimise Russian great-power ambitions. The narrative centred on the victory has a strong religious, not to say, messianic dimension. It aims to whitewash the dark chapters of Soviet history and legitimise the wars Moscow waged after 1945. According to the contemporary neo-Soviet interpretations, these wars were always defensive and justified by external circumstances. At the same time, distinctly anti-Western rhetoric is becoming more and more perceptible in Russian propaganda. The repeated accusations of “eternal” attempts by the West to destroy Russia and destabilise the global order are intensifying. The official discourse is marked by the nostalgia for the lost empire and the “concert of powers” that was established at the Yalta conference; it also seeks to justify violence as a tool of foreign policy. Its overriding aim is to legitimise the authoritarian regime and Moscow’s contemporary strategic goals, such as the hegemony in the post-Soviet area and the reshaping of the European security architecture. The official narrative is promoted by the state institutions, the educational system, the Kremlin-controlled media outlets and a network of social organisations subsidised by the state. It is also safeguarded by the administrative and criminal law and the apparatus of repression.
Źródło:
Institute of National Remembrance Review; 2021-2022, 3; 77-125
2658-1566
Pojawia się w:
Institute of National Remembrance Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Front włoski z czasów Wielkiej Wojny w zapiskach autobiograficznych Karola Bergera i Jerzego Alfreda Tomasza Kossowskiego
Autorzy:
Dorota, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647460.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Italian front, the Great War, Karol Berger, Jerzy Alfred Tomasz Kossowski
front włoski, Wielka Wojna, Karol Berger, Jerzy Alfred Tomasz Kossowski
Opis:
The Great War was the ‘armed conflict that radically altered the face of the 19th century world’. The old order of peace and hope lay in ruins. Of all that had seemed permanent and immutable, nothing had been restored to its former place, because things no longer had ‘their place’. When war broke out, Poland was without statehood, partitioned between Russia, Germany and Austria. Polish men of fighting age could not choose sides independently, but were conscripted on a territorial basis into the armies of the partitioning states, and thus many found themselves on opposite sides of the firing line, killing each other. Nonetheless, the fact that the 1914–1918 war was the first to involve directly all three partitioning states kindled profound hopes among the Polish people of regaining independence. Service in the Austro-Hungarian army did not initially bring discredit upon Poles, thanks to the policies upheld by Vienna, but later attitudes changed dramatically. In their autobiographical eye-witness reports of the fighting on the Italian front, Karol Berger and Jerzy Alfred Kossowski give us a detailed account of all the tragic, harsh realities of war. At the same time, Berger is perceptibly at pains to tone down the ferocity, to present war with as human a face as he is able, to create at least a surrogate of life and shared human existence. Kossowski, on the other hand, was a pilot, the man who prevented the bombing of the heart of Venice, St. Mark’s Square and Basilica, during the First World War. Their writings make clear how both men held the myth of Italy dear, striving not to be crushed by the machinery of evil, and also, whether through small gestures (Berger) or spectacular decisions (Kossowski), how both were able to dominate ‘the indomitable’.
Wielka Wojna to „konflikt zbrojny, który radykalnie zmienił oblicze dziewiętnastowiecznego świata”. Dawny porządek spokoju i nadziei rozpadł się. Nic, co wydawało się trwałe i niezmienne, po tym wielkim starciu nie wróciło już na swoje miejsce, nie było już bowiem żadnego „swojego miejsca”. Polska w chwili wybuchu Wielkiej Wojny pozostawała pod zaborami, podzielona pomiędzy Rosję, Niemcy i Austrię, była pozbawiona własnej państwowości. Polacy, nie mogąc o sobie niezależnie stanowić, zostali przymusowo wcielani do wojska zaborcy w zależności od terytorium, jakie zamieszkiwali; zmuszono ich do przywdziania uniformów obcych, zaborczych armii, w konsekwencji musieli do siebie strzelać i wzajemnie się zabijać. Wojna 1914–1918 to jednak pierwszy konflikt, w którym bezpośrednio zaangażowali się wszyscy trzej zaborcy, w związku z czym zrodziła ona wśród Polaków głęboką nadzieję na odzyskanie niepodległości. Służba w armii austro-węgierskiej początkowo nie przynosiła ujmy Polakom ze względu na prowadzoną przez Wiedeń politykę pozwalającą na zachowanie w jakimś stopniu „narodowego statusu”, ale sytuacja zmieniła się drastycznie wraz upływem czasu. Karol Berger i Jerzy Alfred Kossowski, uczestnicy i świadkowie walk na froncie włoskim, w swoich autobiograficznych zapisach przedstawili nam szczegółowe opisy tego frontu, które obnażają tragedię walk tam rozgrywanych, ale jednocześnie ujawnili okrucieństwo samej wojny. Uświadamiamy sobie jednak, że Polacy, a konkretnie Berger, czynili wszystko, aby oswoić tamtą straszną wojnę i nadać jej w miarę możliwości jakieś ludzkie oblicze, stworzyć choćby surogat życia i normalnego współistnienia. Dzięki Kossowskiemu i jego działaniom podczas pierwszej wojny światowej nie doszło do zbombardowania Wenecji, a dokładniej samego jej serca, tj. Placu św. Marka z jego Bazyliką. Zapiski autobiograficzne, o których mowa, pokazują, jak bardzo obu uczestnikom wojennych zmagań drogi był mit Italii i jak wiele robili, aby nie pozwolić się zniszczyć machinie zła. Zarówno przez drobne gesty (postawa Bergera) czy spektakularne działania (postawa Kossowskiego) czynili wszystko, aby opanować „nieopanowane” okrucieństwo wojny.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2016, 23, 2
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities by John J. Mearsheimer
Autorzy:
Dougherty, Jude P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
International Étienne Gilson Society
Tematy:
John J. Mearsheimer
The Great Delusion
Cold War
USA
liberalism
liberal democracy
liberal hegemony
Opis:
This paper is a review of the book: John J. Mearsheimer, The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2018). Mearsheimer observes that in the aftermath of the Cold War, the U.S. adopted a profoundly liberal foreign policy dedicated to turning as many countries as possible into liberal democracies. Mearsheimer concludes that the liberal hegemony of the past twenty-five years does not work: it has left a legacy of futile wars, failed diplomacy, and diminished prestige for the United States.
Źródło:
Studia Gilsoniana; 2019, 8, 4; 893-899
2300-0066
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gilsoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Z Torunia do Wilna podróż króla Stanisława zimą 1708 roku
From Toruń to Vilnius: the Journey of King Stanisław in the Winter of 1708
Autorzy:
Dygdała, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194227.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Masovia
Podlachia and Lithuania during the Great Northern War
King Stanisław Leszczyński
travel conditions in Poland in 1708
Opis:
The article discusses the journey of King Stanisław Leszczyński from Toruń, which he left on 10 Jan 1708, to Vilnius, where he arrived on 22 March 1708. The journey to Lithuania was forced by the Swedish sovereign Charles XII, who was accompanied by Leszczyński from the autumn of 1706. The question is whether the journey of King Stanisław launched in the winter of 1708 was a rational decision. It strengthened the position of Leszczyński in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Still his position predominantly depended on the Sapieha family, who were supported by Charles XII. During his few personal meetings with Charles XII, Leszczyński failed to convince Charles XII to approve of his political concepts. It still remained unknown whether the Polish monarch should accompany Charles XII in his journey into Russia or whether he should return to Poland and try to appease people at home. The closest collaborators of King Stanisław were sceptical (with the exception of the Sapiehas) of the political and military plans of Charles XII; they also disapproved of the conduct of the Swedish troops in Poland. The Swedes treated Poland as a conquered state imposing very high contributions and induced the delivery of food and pasture for horses.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 2; 85-99
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pięćdziesiąta rocznica rewolucji październikowej (1967) – przewrót pokoleniowy i polityka historyczna ZSRS
Autorzy:
Gajos, Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653958.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
rewolucja październikowa 1917
Leonid Breżniew
sowiecka polityka historyczna
KPZS
Wielka Wojna Ojczyźniana
leonid brezhnev
soviet politics of memory
communist
party of the soviet union
great patriotic war
october revolution 1917
Opis:
The fiftieth anniversary of the October Revolution (1967) – a generational change and historical policy of the USSRAbstractCelebrations of the fiftieth anniversary of the October Revolution revealed important changes in the politics of memory pursued by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. With the use of methodology of research on memory, in the article I put forward the thesis that the utopian project began on 7 November 1917 (N.S.) and faith in the final achievement of its goal set by Lenin’s party began to be marginalised. The events which took place in Petrograd and on which collective memory had focused for last fifty years, did not have in the 1960s such a strong symbolic impact, being able to mobilise the people to achieve goals set by the Communist Party as the Great Patriotic War. From the time of reactivation of the official celebrations of the Victory Day in 1965 the October Revolution began gradually to diminish in importance and lose its central place in social memory of the Soviet people.The most important cause of this process of evolution of social memory is, in my opinion,a generational change of the sixties. I also indicate some other significant factors that contributed to the historical policy of the Communist Party: the problem of attitude towards the Stalinist period, conflict with China, and relations with the Western states. 
50-я годовщина Октябрьской революции (1967) – генерационный сдвиг и историческая политика СССР АннотацияПразднование 50-й годовщины Октябрьской революции продемонстрировало существенные изменения в исторической политике КПСС. Пользуясь методологией исследований памяти, в статье я выдвигаю тезис, что утопическому проекту, начавшемуся 7 ноября 1917 года (н.ст.) и вере в конечное осуществление цели, определенной тогда партией Ленина, перестали придавать большое значение. События в Петрограде, на которых за последние полвека сосредоточивалась общественная память, в 60-х гг. не обладали настолько сильным символическим измерением, способным мобилизовать общество к осуществлению целей, поставленных коммунистической партией, как Великая Отечественная война. Октябрьская революция, в момент возрождения официального праздника Дня Победы в 1965 году, стала терять свой главенствующий статус в общественной памяти в Советском Союзе.Самой важной причиной этого процесса эволюции общественной памяти я считаю генерационный сдвиг 60-х гг. Я также указываю на другие факторы, которые существенным образом повлияли на историческую политику компартии: проблему отношения к сталинским временам, конфликт с Китаем, а также отношения с западными государствами.
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2017, 52, 2
2353-6403
1230-5057
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wielka Wojna na Lubelszczyźnie. Zniszczenia historycznych miast i losy zabytków
The Great War in the Lublin Land. Destruction of historical cities and the losses suffered by historical monuments
Autorzy:
Gałecka, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535270.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Krasnystaw
Ostrów Lubelski
Końskowola
Wielka Wojna
I wojna światowa
straty i zniszczenia wojenne
the Great War
World War I
war losses and destructions
Opis:
During the Great War, 342 000 square kilometres, that is, nearly 90 percent of the territory of Poland (within the borders before 1939) were the areas of direct military activities. Out of the 16 provinces, damages and losses directly caused by the war were recorded in 13 of them. The total number of buildings destroyed or significantly damaged during the war (following the data referring to the area of the former Kingdom of Poland only) was over 1 884 000. The direct causes included artillery and gun fire, dismantling for the purposes of trenches and other military purposes, fuel, as well as accidental or intentional fires. In 1915, the withdrawal of the Russian army involved deliberate destruction and burning of buildings. As specified in the statistical data, the largest losses as regards buildings in the territory of the present-day Lublin Province (taking into account the losses in the territory of the former Kingdom of Poland) were recorded in the district of Chełm – 41.9% (the largest of all districts). In other districts, the percentage of destroyed buildings was as follows: in the district of Hrubieszów 29.5%, Tomaszów 21.2%, Lubartów 21.1%, Lublin 17.6%, Krasnystaw 17.4%, Puławy 16%, Biłgoraj 14.7%, Zamość 12.8%, Janów 8.8% and Łuków 8.2%. Within those districts, many towns with historical buildings and historical churches, Orthodox churches, synagogues and public utility buildings were destroyed. One of the most valuable towns destroyed during the War was Kazimierz nad Wisłą, in which a number of historical, 17th-century tenements were burned. The article describes the destructions in three towns of the Lublin Land: Krasnystaw, Końskowola and Ostrów Lubelski. Krasnystaw during World War I was conquered three times. It was a strategic town, among others, for the reason of the nearby Russian railway Lublin – Chełm – Kowel. Within the historical town (that is, excluding the suburbs), 180 buildings were destroyed, including 68 residential ones. The Baroque, former Jesuit church of Francis Xavier, built in the years 1695- 1717 following the design of the architect Jan Delamars, was damaged. The brick synagogue and the seat of town authorities were burned. In 1915, the Russian army withdrawing from the territory of the Kingdom of Poland fought fierce battles on the section Końskowola – Kurów – Markuszów – Garbów – Jastków. They resulted in, among others, the destruction of Końskowola, in which 326 buildings out of the 333 recorded ones were burned. Roman Catholic churches have survived, but other parish buildings and the historical bell tower from 1778 were destroyed. The synagogue built before 1882 was burned and, for that reason, it was closed until 1921. The wooden residential and utility buildings in Ostrów Lubelski were destroyed nearly in 2/3 in August 1915, as the fire caused by artillery fire of German forces, attacking the withdrawing Russian army, destroyed 512 residential buildings (out of 822 recorded in 1914). The brick, Baroque Roman Catholic church, built following a design of the architect Paweł Fontana and a brick Orthodox church built in the years 1888-1890 following a design of the architect Wiktor Syczugow, were damaged by bullets. The history of wartime destructions and the losses borne during World War I concerning single historical monuments, groups of monuments and in the areas of historical urban complexes has not been examined and described exhaustingly, and many archival sources have not been studied yet.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 23-41
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Los rodziny Antoniego Mysakowskiego w pierwszym roku Wielkiej Wojny
The history of the family of Antoni Mysakowski in the first year of the Great War
Autorzy:
Garbacz, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Wielka Wojna
I wojna światowa
Antoni Mysakowski
Janina Mysakowska
Franciszek Stachnik
Eugenia Dominiowa
Biłgoraj
Huta Krzeszowska
Nowiny
Zawadki
Lubelszczyzna
Syberia
the Great War
World War I
the Lublin Land
Siberia
Opis:
For the author of this publication, the hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of World War I became an opportunity to look at its first dozen moths in the south of the Lublin Land in the context of both military activities and the fate of civilians on the example of the family of the exiled Antoni Mysakowski, an organist from Huta Krzeszowska. The article was written on the basis of available publications referring to military activities in that area as well as unpublished family archives from early 20th century. The sources comprise the letters and documents confirming the imprisonment of Antoni Mysakowski by Russians in 1914 and his exile to Siberia, as well as parts of the diary of his daughter Janina, containing, among others, short reports from the front and its back-up in the territory of the southern Lublin Land – the places where she stayed with her family at that time. As the registers of births, marriages and deaths specify, the family of Antoni Mysakowski was connected with the Lublin Land from at least the 18th century, initially with the region of Chełm and Krasnystaw. Jan Mysakowski, the grandfather of the author of the diary, came with his family to Huta Krzeszowska which, at that time, was located in the district of Biłgoraj, around 1880. Their son, Antoni, spent many years in Huta with his wife, Stanisława nee Nowakowska. In 1894, their daughter, Janina, was born there. When the war broke out, Janina Mysakowska stayed in the area of Zwierzyniec and Szczebrzeszyn. When she stayed in the forester’s lodge in Nowiny near Nielisz, she found herself in the area of fights between the Austrian 4th Army of General Moritz von Auffenberg and the Russian 5th Army of General Pavel von Plehve. At that time, between 26 August and 2 September 1914, there was a great battle, referred to as the Battle of Komarów. Janina recollects the fights of 28 August. At that time, Eugenia Dominiowa nee Aleksiewicz (1872-1917), the wife of a clerk employed with a local sugar factory lived in Klemensów, where ordinate Zamoyski had his residence. In her diary, she described the military activities in Klemensów and in other places in the southern Lublin Land. Parts of that diary were published in 1938 in “Teka Zamojska”. Antoni Mysakowski’s family, staying in the area of Szczebrzeszyn, did not know his fate or the fate of other inhabitants of Huta Krzeszowska after the Austrians had marched into the area. It was only after her return home in 1914, when the Austro-Hungarian army was forced behind the San, that Janina got to know that her father had accepted the Austrians’ proposal to take over the post of a head of the village and, as a result, he was arrested by Russians. Janina described briefly the situation in Huta, where Russian troops were deployed permanently, she mentioned the fights by the San river which lasted over three weeks, until the Russians had crossed the river. At that time, the situation of Antoni Mysakowski, which was subject to military jurisdiction, was dramatic. After the proceedings conducted in April 1915 in the Dęblin Fortress, he was brought to the prison in Lublin, from where he was to be exiled. Some of the letters addressed to him, as well as the notes of his daughter Janina, were written in that period. After his departure, Antoni lost contact with his closest family remaining in the Lublin Land – his ailing parents, his wife, exhausted with pregnancy and labour, and all his children, of which one died when he was in prison. In May and June 1915, there were fierce fights in the region of Nisko between the Austro-Hungarian and Russian forces. Janina recollects them in some parts of her diary written in Huta Krzeszowska. The Austrian-German forces which, at the beginning of May 1915 began their offensive in Galicia and managed to break off the Russian front near Gorlice, forced the Tsar’s forces to withdraw from the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. In the territories which the Russian army was leaving, the evacuation of civilians began. During the evacuation, which comprised the inhabitants of eastern provinces, not only the state property, Russian offices and officials with their family were taken away. There were cases of mass expelling of people from villages and towns and destroying everything that could not be taken to Russia. The expelled civilians were exiled to Russia. Janina writes about it in her diary. The following pages of the diary describe the war-time experiences of the family, written from the end of June 1915 during the stay at the forester’s lodge in Nowiny near Nielisz. For the second time, Janina had to spend dramatic days under the rain of gun and cannon bullets. She writes about the fights of enemy armies, in this case, from the position of Austro-Hungarian and German armies fighting with Russian forces. The offensive of the allied forces under the command of General Mackensen ended at the end of July and resulted in defeating the Third Russian Army in the territories to the south of Lublin. Another stop during the wartime journey of Janina Mysakowska and her family was a village Zawadki near Susiec, where, among others, her grandfather, Jan Nowakowski, stayed. The author of the diary gives a brief account of the news from the front. Some of the information was brought by Austrian soldiers, who were still deployed in Zawadki as late as in September 1915. At the end of August, those exiled to Russia began to return, among others, to Huta Krzeszowska and other places near Biłgoraj. They were those who stayed behind the Bug River, in Volhynia, that is, the closest to the area they lived in. More people began to return as late as in mid-September, mainly those from the Lublin Land and those who were relatively close to the home country. Those who were taken far into Russia either died of hunger and epidemics or returned later, since they had to travel longer distances. In October 1915, after wandering during the war for several months, Janina with her family returned to Huta Krzeszowska. In 1918, the mother, Stanisława, died after a long illness and, two years later, a chronic disease resulted in the death of the author of the diary. Antoni Mysakowski, expelled to Siberia, settled in a small village Prospichina near Achinsk. As his situation was dramatic, he was helped by one of the organizations active in Russia – the Central Citizens’ Committee. His return to the homeland became possible as late as in September 1923. After that, he lived for 25 years, since he died in 1948 in Biłgoraj. He was buried in a local parish cemetery, near the place where, years before, his wife and daughter, the author of the diary, had been buried. The family of Antoni Mysakowski was one of hundreds Polish families which experienced trauma during the Great War. Presenting their history in the light of the war-time events was possible mainly thanks to preserved family documents and the recollections of Jadwiga, one of Antoni’s younger daughters, who died a short time ago.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 43-75
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mobilising the Red Cross Journal: A Charity’s Periodical in Wartime
Autorzy:
Gehrhardt, Marjorie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
The Red Cross Journal
Red Cross Societies
the Great War
relief work
wartime propaganda
VAD
Opis:
The first issue of the Red Cross Journal was published in January 1914, only eight months before the outbreak of the First World War. This article explores the impact of the war on this publication, as the work of the charity it represented dramatically expanded over the course of the conflict. How did the Journal survive the war, at a time when the Red Cross was deeply involved in supporting soldiers? This article examines the genesis of this publication and its evolving role during the war. This periodical, we argue, not only helped raise awareness of the work carried out by the Red Cross, but it also served practical purposes in the areas of training and funding. This publication reveals an increasingly critical stance towards the British Empire’s enemies in the war, as well as the need for the British Red Cross Society to foster a sense of unity amongst members posted around the world.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2018, 27/3; 13-32
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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