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    Tytuł:
    Microbiological characteristics of Quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)
    Autorzy:
    Barabasz, W.
    Chmiel, M. J.
    Ostafin, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191499.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    microorganisms
    methanogens
    Holocene
    Pleistocene
    Starunia palaeontological site
    Carpathian region
    Ukraine
    Opis:
    The microbiological research on the area of the palaeontological site in Starunia (Ukraine) reveals the details of biological activity of the near-surface layers and Quaternary sediments. In Starunia area remnants of a mammoth and three woolly rhinoceroses, and one almost completely preserved rhinoceros carcass were found in 1907 and 1929. The gained quantitative results regarding the occurrence of different physiological groups of microorganisms show that their number varied significantly depending on the sampling place, sampling depth, pH, humidity and the organic matter content. The amount and differentiation of the tested groups of microorganisms typically decreased with the depth. In several deep-sampling locations there was increase in the microorganisms, especially with methanogens and methanotrophs. The metanogens occurred mainly in Pleistocene sediments, comprised of clayey mud and peat, while saprophytic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) occur in Holocene sediments comprised of clayey mud, peat and peat mud. The quantity of microorganisms in selected boreholes was related to high concentration of the organic matter (mainly peat and peat mud) and correlated with methane occurrence.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2009, 79, No 3; 439-446
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bitumen and salt contents within the Quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)
    Autorzy:
    Kotarba, M. J.
    Więcław, D.
    Toboła, T.
    Zych, H.
    Kowalski, A.
    Ptak, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191512.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    bitumen content
    chloride ion content
    Pleistocene
    Holocene
    Starunia palaeontological site
    Carpathian region
    Ukraine
    Opis:
    Geochemical studies were conducted on bitumen and salts saturating the Pleistocene and Holocene sediments from an abandoned ozokerite mine in Starunia. This location is noted for the discovery of remnants of a mammoth and three woolly rhinoceroses in 1907, and a nearly completely preserved rhinoceros carcass in 1929. The bitumen (oil) and brines (chloride ions) were preserving agents for the large Pleistocene mammals. The main mass of organic carbon hosted in the Pleistocene muds is related to bitumen originating from oil migrating from deep accumulations within the Boryslav-Pokuttya Unit. The highest analysed bitumen content is 9.26 wt%. The chloride ion content, originating from highly concentrated brines ascending from the salt-bearing Miocene Vorotyshcha beds, vary from 0 to 4.66 wt% but this usually does not exceed 1 wt%. The natural pathways of underground fluids (oil, gas and water) migration within the Quaternary sediments were disturbed by intensive ozokerite mining operations run between the last three decades of the 19th century and 1960. Therefore, the present preservation and conservation conditions of large, extinct mammals' remains can be different from those prevailing during the Pleistocene, when the mammals were buried. Taking into consideration the contents of the remaining preservatives: chloride and bitumen, the most favourable zone for fossils conservation and preservation is located close to boreholes Nos 22, 23, 28 and 36N, where the thickness of Pleistocene muds exceeds 2 metres. Generally, the spatial distributions of bitumen and chloride ion contents within the Holocene sediments and salt-bearing Miocene Vorotyshcha beds are very similar to those in the Pleistocene sediments.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2009, 79, No 3; 447-461
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Biological markers and stable carbon isotope studies of bitumen impregnating Quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)
    Autorzy:
    Kotarba, M. J.
    Fabiańska, M.
    Więcław, D.
    Kowalski, A.
    Zych, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191516.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    biomarkers
    stable carbon isotopes
    bitumen content
    oil origin
    woolly rhinoceros
    Starunia palaeontological site
    Carpathian region
    Ukraine
    Opis:
    Biological markers and stable carbon isotopic compositions of bitumen impregnating the Pleistocene and Holocene sediments around the Starunia palaeontological site (Carpathian region, Ukraine) near discovered remnants of a mammoth and three woolly rhinoceroses, and one almost completely preserved rhinoceros carcass found in 1907 and 1929, were investigated. The research was carried out to assess genetic connections between the bitumen and oils from the nearby deep accumulations of the Boryslav-Pokuttya and Skyba units of the Carpathians. Another aim of these geochemical studies was to reveal the secondary geochemical processes (oxidation and biodegradation) influencing the bitumen, and to determine which environments have been favourable or unfavourable for the preservation of large Pleistocene vertebrates. Bitumen included within the near-surface rocks are not genetically connected with residual organic matter present in Quaternary sediments. Geochemical features, such as distributions of pentacyclic triterpanes and steranes, biomarker parameters and isotope composition indicate that all bitumens originate from oil-prone, Type II kerogen with insignificant admixture of terrestrial Type III kerogen in the middle stage of catagenesis. The oils occurring in deep accumulations in the Starunia area were the sole source of bitumen found in the near-surface sediments. Input of immature organic matter to bitumen from Pleistocene and Holocene sediments has not been found. The main factors differentiating the bitumen were: biodegradation, water washing and/or weathering. Additional influence of transport of bitumen by brine was found. The most favourable conditions for preservation of large, extinct mammals within the Pleistocene muds exist in the vicinity of Nos 22 and 23 boreholes, where bitumen is best preserved. The worst conditions were found in the vicinity of Nos 1, 4, 4' and 15 boreholes. Intensification of biodegradation and weathering effects were followed by intensive, chaotic changes of the remnants of large Pleistocene mammals.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2009, 79, No 3; 463-480
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Molecular and isotopic compositions of gases adsorbed to near surface sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)
    Autorzy:
    Dzieniewicz, M.
    Sechman, H.
    Kotarba, M. J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191497.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    near-surface geochemical survey
    adsorbed gases
    origin of gaseous hydrocarbons
    origin of carbon dioxide
    Quaternary sediments
    Starunia palaeontological site
    Carpathian region
    Ukraine
    Opis:
    The near-surface geochemical survey of gases desorbed from sediment samples was carried out in the area of an abandoned ozokerite mine in Starunia, where remnants of mammoth and three woolly rhinoceroses and one almost completely preserved rhinoceros carcass were discovered in 1907 and 1929. Numerous hydrocarbon seeps (gas and oil "eyes") occur on the surface of the study area. Analyses of molecular and stable carbon isotope compositions of adsorbed gases were carried out in two variants. The first included sampling of cuttings from 30 auger boreholes at depths of 4.8, 5.6 and 6.4 m. In total, 88 samples were collected. In the second variant core samples were collected from 17 selected boreholes. In total, 78 samples were taken from various depths to 12 m. The results of molecular composition analyses of desorbed gases indicated high saturation of near-surface sediments with the oil. The highest concentrations of alkanes were detected in Miocene strata. Hydrocarbon migration from deep accumulations to the surface was relatively fast and proceeded along the faults, fractures and cracks. In the near-surface zone hydrocarbons were subjected to oxidation and dehydrogenation, which resulted in generation of unsaturated hydrocarbons and hydrogen. These processes were most intensive in the Pleistocene sediments and in the mine dumps. Increased concentrations of hydrogen may also originate from water radiolysis in the presence of hydrocarbons. Concentrations of carbon dioxide in the adsorbed gases show the higher values in comparison with the analysed gaseous compounds. However, a slight increase in CO2 concentration was detected in the mine dump, which may indicate conditions more favourable for hydrocarbon oxidation. Carbon dioxide from the analysed adsorbed gases is of thermogenic origin. Occasionally, insignificant influence of secondary hydrocarbon oxidation and/or Quaternary organic matter can be observed. Concentrations of alkanes, alkenes and carbon dioxide in the gas derived from desorption of rock samples are lower and the concentration of hydrogen is higher than those measured in free gases. This indicates that additional effects from recent (e.g. microbial) processes are absent.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2009, 79, No 3; 421-437
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Distribution and origin of gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide in the Quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)
    Autorzy:
    Kotarba, M. J.
    Sechman, H.
    Dzieniewicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191503.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    near-surface geochemical survey
    depth gas distribution
    stable carbon isotopes
    gaseous hydrocarbon origin
    carbon dioxide origin
    Quaternary sediments
    woolly rhinoceros
    Starunia palaeontological site
    Ukrainian Carpathians
    Opis:
    Near-surface gases were investigated in Starunia, where remains of mammoth and woolly rhinoceroses were discovered at the beginning of the 20th century. Samples were collected at 30 measurement sites, from 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0 m depths and analysed for their molecular and isotopic compositions. Most of the methane and all higher gaseous hydrocarbons accumulated within the near-surface zone are of thermogenic origin. The distribution of thermogenic methane and higher gaseous hydrocarbons in Quaternary sediments is variable and, generally, increases with depth. Microbial methane or a mixture of microbial and thermogenic methane also occurs at the near-surface zone. The presence of hydrogen and alkenes in the near-surface gases also suggests a contribution from recent, microbial processes. Helium of crustal origin migrated through the Rinne Fault and other tectonic zones located in the study area, and was subsequently dispersed during migration through the lithologically diversified Pleistocene and Holocene sediments. The high variability of the carbon dioxide concentration and stable carbon isotope composition at various depths in the near-surface zone is caused by its polygenetic origin (thermogenic, microbial, and oxidation of hydrocarbons and Quaternary organic matter), and also by its dissolution in water and oil during migration through lithologically diversified Pleistocene and Holocene sediments. Zones of thermogenic methane occurrence within Pleistocene sediments, dominated by muds saturated with bitumen and brines, provide the most favourable environment for preservation of large extinct mammals. It is likely that during the Pleistocene winters, when thick ice and snow covered the tundra lake and swamp, zones of outflow of brines, oils, helium, and thermogenic gaseous hydrocarbons had a higher temperature, which could have resulted in melting and cracking of the ice cover and drowning of large mammals. The most favourable conditions for preservation of large, extinct mammals probably still exists in the vicinity of sampling probe sites Nos 21, 22, 23 and 36. Zones of dominance of microbial methane concentrations are less favourable sites for preservation of extinct mammals, because this methane was generated within recent swamps and also within recent descending meteoric waters which infiltrated into Pleistocene and Holocene sediments. Older Pleistocene microbial gases have already escaped to the atmosphere.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2009, 79, No 3; 403-419
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Interdisciplinary studies at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine) in the years 2006-2009: previous discoveries and research, purposes, results and perspectives
    Autorzy:
    Kotarba, M. J
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191538.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    Starunia
    abandoned ozokerite mine
    palaeontological site
    woolly rhinoceros
    Pleistocene
    Carpathian region
    Ukraine
    Opis:
    The discovery of large Pleistocene mammals in 1907 and 1929 in the Starunia ozokerite mine, about 130 kilometres southeast of Lviv, Ukraine, was a spectacular scientific event on a world scale. A unique combination of brine and oil, into which the animals had sunk, resulted in the near perfect preservation of woolly rhinoceros. In 2004, investigations in Starunia were restarted by Polish and Ukrainian scientists. This issue of Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae contains 18 papers which present the results of field and laboratory studies in the Starunia area completed by Polish scientists in the years 2006-2009. Interdisciplinary studies were realized by eleven thematic working groups on: Quaternary lithology and sedimentology, palaeobotany (palynology and analysis of macrofossils), botany (analysis of halophytes), palaeozoology (malacological analysis), radiocarbon dating, microbiology, surface and near-surface geochemistry, organic geochemistry (bitumen content and its fractions, biomarkers and stable carbon isotopes) and inorganic geochemistry (chloride ion analysis), geoelectric survey (DC resistivity soundings, electromagnetic terrain conductivity measurements, resistivity imaging, penetrometer-based resistivity profiling and azimuthal pole-dipole DC resistivity soundings) and microgravimetric survey. Results of these studies enabled recognition of the geological setting and sedimentary environment of Quaternary sediments, which hosted the Pleistocene fossils, and to determine the most favourable area of about 1,000 square metres for subsequent prospecting for extinct mammals within Pleistocene sediments in Starunia.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2009, 79, No 3; 219-241
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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