Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "Security and Defence" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
European Union common security and defence policy and Latvian involvement in EU battlegroups
Autorzy:
Bodnieks, Valerijs
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04-20
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
EU Common Security and Defence policy
defence
security
EU Battlegroups
Opis:
In this article, the author analyses types of Europeanisation: top-down, bottom-up, horizontal, circular, and looks at Latvian involvement in the EU CSDP capability project - EU Battlegroups. Additionally, the author analyses the EU CSDP strategies in 2003 and 2016 with emphasis on key threats and key directions of action for the security of the EU. If it is necessary, EU Battlegroups can become involved to secure the EU. In the article, the author examines Latvian involvement in EU Battlegroups and changes in political planning documents and legal acts regarding EU Battlegroups. The author shows that for the future, it is necessary to involve an EU Battlegroup in real action in the area of operations, and that it is necessary to initiate discussions on a possible review and evaluation of the format of the EU Battlegroup.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 24, 2; 202-212
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
POLSKA WE WSPÓLNEJ POLITYCE BEZPIECZEŃSTWA I OBRONY UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ
POLAND IN THE EU COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY
Autorzy:
Zięba, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513778.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Polska
the European Union
European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP)
Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)
crisis management
battle
groups
Opis:
Poland’s reaction to the proclamation in 1999 by the European Union – the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP), was restrained, and even critical. However, after the accession to the community, the authorities of Poland have started engaging in shaping and carrying out this policy. Poland is participating in building assets and capabilities of ESDP: in the process of European rapid reaction forces generation, in creation of “battle groups”, in work of the European Defence Agency, and in building of ESDP civilian capabilities. It is engaging in the EU crisis management operations,military and civilian missions. During last years Poland is showing high activity in favour to strengthening the Common Security and Defence Policy (new name of ESDP after Lisbon Treaty); it gave the evidence of that at the time of the Presidency of the EU Council in the second half of 2011. In matters of strengthening the CSDP Poland cooperates closely with Germany and France within the framework of the Weimar Triangle.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2012, 10; 160-169 (10)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Europeanisation of Latvian defence policy
Autorzy:
Bodnieks, Valerijs
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/534392.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej
Tematy:
Europeanisation
EU Common Security and Defence Policy
Latvian Defence Policy
NATO
Opis:
In later years after annexation of Crimea, ongoing conflict in Ukraine and Brexit defence is the most discussed issue among politicians and on mass media, because the main question is how to secure European Union (EU) from potential external aggression of Russia? Concerning defence of Europe, we need to take in to the consideration not only North Atlantic Treaty organization (NATO), but also EU Common Security and Defence policy (CSDP). NATO has a major impact on its member states – mostly European countries, but at same time a significant role in European security and defence should be given to CSDP. In Latvia’s case defence policy is based on NATO and most of the case studies about Latvian defence are related to NATO role, but at same time, because of changing threats for EU, it is necessary to pay more attention to CSDP role and impact on Latvia’s defence. Therefore, this paper will describe Europeanisation from theoretical perspective by focusing on top-down Europeanisation, it will provide a historical background of EU CSDP and analysis top-down Europeanisation impact on the Latvian defence policy. This paper is based on Europeanisation theoretical framework, analysis of Latvian national security and defence strategic documents, Latvian legal acts concerning defence, data about Latvian participation in EU missions and Battle groups etc
Źródło:
Security Forum; 2018, 1, Volume 2 No 1/2018; 7-18
2544-1809
Pojawia się w:
Security Forum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Indo-French Defence Cooperation in the Light of Regional Security Balance in South Asia
Autorzy:
Bharti, Mukesh Shankar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120090.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Indo-French
Security and Defence
South Asia
Strategic Relation
Regional Balance
Opis:
The article aims to describe the regional security challenges to India in South Asia. Since the partition of India in 1947, the country has continuously been under external threat as a form of proxy warfare and terrorism. For this purpose, the article highlighted the core hotspots where India has major border issues with China in the Himalayan terrain. India has been facing a bigger security challenge from China and Pakistan in the South Asia region. This article analyses the defence ties between India and France in the context of security. India's neorealist approaches expand its strategic partnership in global politics. Therefore, India has been getting strategic support from the French side whenever India seeks support in a critical situation. The article uses the methods of case study and discourse analysis to answer the question and find out the study's relevance. As a result of severe security threats, India had to negotiate the purchase of defence equipment from France. India had to buy Rafael fighter jet, submarine and other heavy military weapons. Indo-French relations are stronger than in the past and will develop as friendly relations in the future.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2022, 2 (51); 7-18
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ Niemiec i Francji na rozwój Wspólnej Polityki Zagranicznej i Bezpieczeństwa oraz Europejskiej Polityki Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony Unii Europejskiej w XXI w.
The influence of Germany and France on the development of the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the European Security and Defence Policy of the European Union in the twenty-first century
Autorzy:
Koszel, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
France-Germany
Common Foreign and Security Policy
European Security and Defence Policy
21 st. century
Opis:
In the early twenty-first century. France and Germany closely work together to strengthen the effectiveness of the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the. European Security and Defence Policy They led to their treaty and institutional strengthening. Governments Chancellor Angela Merkel focused on the ”culture of moderation“ in foreign policy and ill-considered reform of the Bundeswehr weakened the role of Germany in the area of foreign policy, security and defense policy of the European Union. After the return France to NATO’s integrated structures in 2009. It took place a close military cooperation A with the United Kingdom. Arab revolutions and the crisis in the Ukraine is not caused reevaluations so far in German-French cooperation to strengthen the defence of the European Union and its foreign policy.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2015, 1; 115-127
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zaangażowanie Polski w misje wojskowe Unii Europejskiej w Afryce w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku
Poland’s involvement in the European Union’s military missions in Africa in the 2010s
Autorzy:
Lasoń, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
military operations
Africa
European Union
EU Common Security and Defence Policy
Polska
Opis:
This paper is dedicated to the involvement of Poland in the European Union’s military operations in Africa in the 2010s. The development of military capabilities is not one of the European Union’s priorities. Nevertheless, the EU is an active participant of the international communities’ efforts to aid African states, including the use of armed forces. The vast majority of such EU missions have been undertaken in Africa. Despite the fact that this region is not a priority of Poland’s foreign and security policies, Poland has actively participated in such actions, primarily due to the peculiarities of contemporary security threats and Poland’s approach to the process of European integration. However, after initial experiences, Poland limited its involvement, due to the limited impact on the achievement of national objectives related to the EU Common Security and Defence Policy. This has been reflected in both official documents and political practice associated with deploying troops on foreign soil. The author sets forth a thesis that these limitations are too substantial, and that there are reasons for greater Polish involvement in the European Union’s military missions.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2015, 9; 173-184
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is the Idea of Common European Army Strengthening the Security?
Autorzy:
Nováková, Dagmar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-19
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
European Union
Common Security and Defence Policy
common European army
models
supranationality
Opis:
The paper is focused on the perspective of the common European army. There are several visions about the common European army in the speeches of the highest political representatives of Germany, France, and European Commission. The term European army can be understood in broader or narrower sense. Author proposes theoretical models of the common European army with their possible limitations and opportunities to prove successful. - the European Rapid Reaction Force, the European Battlegroups, single European intergovernmental army. These models differ according to the intensity of defense cooperation and integration of the Member States. The paper is aimed at the individual aspects of the supranational model of the common European army. The role of such common European army is significant in several areas.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2021, 36(36); 124-136
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przyczyny stagnacji i szanse ożywienia polityki obronnej Unii Europejskiej w kontekście stosunków transatlantyckich
Causes of stagnation and chances of recovery of the European Union defense policy in the context of transatlantic relations
Autorzy:
Zięba, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506565.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)
European Defence Agency (EDA)
civil and military capabilities
Opis:
In the second half of the first decade of the twenty-first century has become apparent stagnation in the development of defense policy of the European Union. This happened in the time when the EU was to realize its ambitious plans to develop the resources and capabilities to conduct a wide range of crisis management operations (Petersberg tasks). The stagnation of the CSDP contributed reduce the political importance of the EU in the international arena. Its causes were: an increase of disparities between the member states of the EU, strengthening by the Treaty of Lisbon the mechanisms of intergovernmental cooperation; the financial crisis of 2008, and a general weakening of the international activity of the EU. Conditions for removal of the CSDP from stagnation stuck in the change in the security environment of the EU and in regulations of the Treaty of Lisbon. The main chance of reviving and strengthening the CSDP is not in its institutional development, but in the opportunity and conscious need to develop a new EU security strategy, as well as in strengthening the military capabilities and European defence sector, and also in increasing practical cooperation between the EU and NATO.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 4; 13-28
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of ministry of defence of Ukraine crisis communications within the Russian Federation information aggression against Ukraine in 2016–2018
Autorzy:
Kushnir, Viktoria
Izhutova, Iryna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
crisis communications
crisis management
information policy
security and defence sector
destructive information campaigns
Opis:
The active phase of hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation which was started from the illegal annexation of Crimea and occupation of the several regions of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts in 2014 has been accompanied by massive information and disinformation campaigns against Ukraine launched by the aggressor. They were accompanied by spreading fakes, deepfakes, propaganda messages, and manipulations.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2020, 12; 59-68
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union in Theories of the European Integration
Autorzy:
Wojnicz, Luiza
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032362.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
European Union
Common Security and Defence Policy
Europeanization
theories of the European integration
Opis:
The purpose of this article is synthetic analysis of the theories concerning the Security and Defence Policy of the European Union. Author analyses neorealist and neofunctionalist theories and marginally takes into account theory of liberal intergovernmentalism and new institutionalism theory. Neorealists argued that in order to understand CSDP, one should look at the changing nature of the balance of power and the way in which member states sought profits coming from the negotiation process, which took place between European Union and NATO. Liberal intergovernmetalists, including Andrew Moravcsik, assumed that CSDP is a factor created and driven by the domestic policy of member states, although both NATO and EU institutions influenced this process. Neofunctionalists’ hypothesis assumed that CSDP is a result of the spill-over effect – consequence of the economic integration. They demonstrated, through economic analysis, the impact of economic and monetary union on the process of development of the European security and defence policy. In neoinstitutionalist theory, the emergence of the CSDP is explained by highlighting the impact of international institutions in the foreign policy of the EU and NATO member states. Above hypotheses have the objective of finding the causes of the CSDP’s emergence, but are also an attempt to answer the question what is the CSDP. Exitisting theories do not adress the whole issue comprehensively, because they are missing implication of links between supranational, transnational and intergovernmental dimension of CSDP, indicating only the conceptualization of evolution and the role of the various bodies at different levels, particularly in the theories of neoliberalism, neoinstitutionalism and intergovernmental liberalism.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2013, 4; 316-335
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union – in the context of ‘hybrid warfare’, ‘networks’, ‘swarming’ and ‘consolidated hybrid defence’
Autorzy:
Szałek, Benon Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
common security and defence policy
European Union
hybrid warfare
networks
netwarfare
swarming
consolidated hybrid security
consolidated hybrid defence
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present some praxiological remarks on the so-called Common Security and Defence Policy (earlier: The European Security and Defence Policy) of the European Union in the light of such terms as ‘hybrid warfare’, ‘networks’, ‘swarming’. The paper emphasizes the problem of consolidated hybrid security and defense.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2017, 8; 125-140
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Human Resources Management through Competence and Competencies for Security and Defence
Zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi poprzez umiejętności i kompetencje w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i obrony
Autorzy:
Dimitrova, S.
Stoykov, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/98630.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
strategic management
security and defence management
human resource management
human resources management for security and defence
zarządzanie strategiczne
zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem i obroną
zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi
zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi na rzecz bezpieczeństwa i obrony
Opis:
In response to the missions, objectives and tasks of the Armed Forces and the Bulgarian Army, the formation of the necessary operational capabilities is directly related to the needs of the defence system of highly educated officers, sergeants, soldiers, civilian employees, with managerial skills and leadership skills. The acquisition of these is the result of the functioning of the military education system (MES), whose mission is to train military and civilian persons to acquire education, qualifications, competences and formation of values and attitudes, physical and psychological qualities corresponding to the needs of Armed Forces to build the necessary operational capabilities. Its achievement is at the basis of the formation of the military profession, as with the Decree of the Council of Ministers № 205 of 30.08.2012 for adopting the ordinance on the state requirements for acquiring higher education in the specialties from military professional field, was recognized as a regulated profession. The purpose of this scientific research is to provide a scientific answer to the questions about the content and scope of regulated professions on the one hand, and on the other hand to clear the question is knowledge a resource, and finally to clear the question is competence management possible.
W odpowiedzi na misje, cele oraz zadania Sił Zbrojnych i bułgarskiej armii, tworzenie niezbędnych zdolności operacyjnych jest bezpośrednio związane z potrzebami systemu obronnego wysoko wykształconych oficerów, sierżantów, żołnierzy, pracowników cywilnych, posiadających umiejętności kierownicze i przywódcze. Ich nabycie jest wynikiem funkcjonowania wojskowego systemu edukacji (MES), którego misją jest szkolenie osób wojskowych i cywilnych w zakresie zdobywania wykształcenia, kwalifikacji, kompetencji oraz kształtowania wartości i postaw, właściwości fizycznych i psychologicznych odpowiadających potrzebom Sił Zbrojnych w zakresie budowania niezbędnych zdolności operacyjnych. Jego osiągnięcie jest podstawą kształtowania się zawodu wojskowego, gdyż rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów nr 205 z dnia 30.08.2012 r. w sprawie przyjęcia rozporządzenia w sprawie warunków uzyskania przez państwo wyższego wykształcenia w specjalnościach z zakresu wojskowej specjalności zawodowej, zostało uznane za zawód regulowany. Celem tych badań naukowych jest z jednej strony dostarczenie naukowej odpowiedzi na pytania dotyczące treści i zakresu zawodów regulowanych, a z drugiej strony wyjaśnienie tego zagadnienia jest wiedzą jako zasobem, a z drugiej strony - możliwe jest zarządzanie kompetencjami.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2017, 2, 4; 111-122
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Common Defence of EU Countries : Reality or Fantasy?
Wspólna obrona państw Unii Europejskiej – rzeczywistość czy mrzonka?
Autorzy:
Willa, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1936832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)
PESCO
common defence
security strategy
defence industry
wspólna polityka bezpieczeństwa i  obrony
wspólna obrona
strategia bezpieczeństwa
przemysł obronny
Opis:
Limited energy resources, EU member countries’ budget capabilities impaired by the financial and debt crisis, Brexit, or the migration crisis that is causing serious consequences, are but a few serious challenges that the Union is going to face within the short-term perspective. One ought not forget about the increasingly powerful and meaningful threats to the Project Europe: rampant terrorism, increasing military activity of Russia (including its actions in eastern Ukraine, Crimea, or on the Sea of Azov), as well as the ambivalent (to say the least) attitude of the current President of the USA towards NATO. Even these few challenges and threats ought to cause for an increase in the decisive and, later on, organizational effort for the purpose of transforming the EU into an entity that shall be able to counteract and react to them. The intention of the author of this article is to provide an attempt to answer the question whether the indicated process is actually taking place.
Ograniczone zasoby energetyczne, nadszarpnięte kryzysem finansowym i zadłużeniowym możliwości budżetowe państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej, brexit, wywołujący poważne konsekwencje kryzys migracyjny – to tylko kilka pospiesznie wskazanych poważnych wyzwań stojących przed Unią w najbliższym czasie. Nie należy zapominać także o rosnących w siłę i znaczenie zagrożeniach dla bezpieczeństwa projektu Europa: panoszącym się terroryzmie, rosnącej aktywności wojskowej Rosji (w tym o jej poczynaniach we wschodniej Ukrainie, na Krymie czy Morzu Azowskim), a także o co najmniej ambiwalentnym stosunku urzędującego prezydenta USA wobec NATO. Już tylko tych kilka wyzwań i zagrożeń skutkować powinno wzmożeniem wysiłku decyzyjnego, a potem organizacyjnego na rzecz przekształcenia UE w podmiot zdolny do przeciwdziałania im i reagowania na nie. W zamierzeniu autora niniejszy artykuł ma być próbą udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy wskazany proces rzeczywiście zachodzi.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2019, 64; 45-61
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Francuska „Biała Księga” – obrona i bezpieczeństwo narodowe
The French ‘White Paper’ – National Security and Defence
Autorzy:
Gryz, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141271.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-23
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Szkoły Wyższej
Tematy:
obrona i bezpieczeństwo naodowe
Biała Księga
terroryzm
globalizacja
national security and defence
White Paper
terrorism
globalization
Opis:
W czerwcu 2008 r. została opublikowana we Francji strategia obrony i bezpieczeństwa narodowego w postaci dokumentu pod nazwą: „Obrona i bezpieczeństwo narodowe. Biała księga”. Jest ona efektem pracy, powołanej 23 sierpnia 2007 grupy ekspertów pod przewodnictwem Jean-Claude Mallet. Uznali oni, że kształt francuskiej obrony i bezpieczeństwa narodowego musi być funkcją przewidywanych potrzeb w tej sferze, a nie wynikać z przyzwyczajeń lub z góry przyjętych założeń. Dlatego też „Biała księga” zawiera uaktualnioną globalną strategię obrony i bezpieczeństwa narodowego w obliczu współczesnych wyzwań. Strategia ta ma zagwarantować ochronę fundamentalnych interesów narodowych, w wymiarze narodowym, europejskim i międzynarodowym i przeciwdziałać konsekwencją takich zagrożeń jak: terroryzm, proliferacja broni masowego rażenia oraz negatywne skutki globalizacji.
In July 2008 the ‘White Paper’ on ‘National defence and security’ was published in France. It is the result of the work of the expert group appointed on 23rd August 2007 and chaired by Jean-Claude Mallet. The group recognized that French national defence and security must be pro-active and not be based on the habits and assumptions of the past . The ‘White Paper’ contains the global strategy of national defence and security adjusted to contemporary challenges. This strategy is to guarantee the security of the fundamental national interests in the national, European and worldwide dimension. It is also to prevent the consequences of the following threats: terrorism, the proliferation of the weapon of mass destruction and the negative results of globalization.
Źródło:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego; 2010, 4; 87-109
1896-8848
2450-3436
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies