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Tytuł:
A systematic survey of Ardashir Palace’s Stronghold at Tol-e Khezr, Firuzabad Plain in Fars Province, Iran
Autorzy:
Abbasnia, Homayoun
Askari Chaverdi, Alireza
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36168179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Archaeology
History
Iran
Sasanian
Fars
Firuzabad
Tol-e Khezr
Systematic Survey
Pottery
Opis:
This research investigated the archaeological site of Tol-e Khezr in Firuzabad with the purpose of establishing a relative chronology. This site is among those whose pottery has been less extensively studied, and it also boasts a strategic location. Therefore, the site of Tol-e Khezr was selected for systematic sampling and investigation of its structures to ascertain its relative chronology and usage as accurately as possible. A methodical approach was chosen for the investigation of Tol-e Khezr, consisting of three steps: mapping, sampling, and documentation of the findings (including washing the pottery, registering the pottery fragments, entering the information of the findings into SPSS software, selecting the diagnostic samples, drawing the diagnostic samples, and photographing the samples). In this methodical way, 50% of all grids were sampled, with the form of every other grid. This included 30 grids of 10 x 10 meters. The number of all gathered pottery comprised 644 pieces. To interpret the pottery, we considered 12 variables for them, and the information on each piece was entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) according to these variables. One of the most essential classifications relates to the typology of Tol-e Khezr pottery forms, which parallels various surveyed and excavated areas' findings in Iran and beyond. Furthermore, the survey revealed that, in addition to typical pottery, three distinct types of ceramic were identified: coarse with raised bands, glazed (alkaline), and ceramics with a dark slip coating. At this firm, architecture and its details in visible and exposed areas were documented, described, analyzed, and compared.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2023, 12; 111-138
2299-2464
2956-6436
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bliski Wschód na drodze do wojny. Polityczne i kulturowe uwarunkowania zmiany wektorów irańskiej polityki zagranicznej w latach 484-502
The Middle East on the road to war. Political and cultural determinants of changes in the vectors of Iranian foreign policy in the years 484-502
Autorzy:
Sińczak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28407853.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Sasanidzi
Rzym
Iran Sasanidów
Heftalici
nomadzi
koczownicy
Azja Środkowa
the Sassanids
Rome
Sasanian Iran
Hephthalites
nomads
Central Asia
Opis:
Relacje między Cesarstwem Rzymskim a Iranem Sasanidów w V wieku były w dużej mierze wypadkową uregulowania spraw spornych i współpracy wobec zagrożenia, które wynikało z posunięć agresywnych społeczności nomadów. Wielki wpływ na politykę wewnętrzną, a później również zewnętrzną, Iranu Sasanidów mieli koczownicy z terenów Azji Środkowej, a szczególnie opisywani w niniejszym tekście Heftalici, których oddziaływanie na Sasanidów doprowadziło finalnie do przeorientowania się sasanidzkiej polityki zagranicznej na zachód, co zaowocowało wybuchem nowej wielkiej wojny na Bliskim Wschodzie.
Relations between the Roman Empire and Sasanian Iran in the 5th century were largely the result of settling disputes and cooperation in the face of the threat that resulted from the aggressive moves of the nomad community. A great influence on the internal policy, and later also external, of Sasanian Iran was exerted by nomads from Central Asia and especially the Hephthalites described in this text, whose influence on the Sassanids finally led to the reorientation of their foreign policy to the west, which resulted in the outbreak of a new great war in the Middle East.
Źródło:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne; 2023, 30, 2; 5-17
1232-1575
Pojawia się w:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cairn Burial of the historical period around Khansaar dam, Toujerdi district of Fars province, Iran
Autorzy:
Khanipour, Morteza
Molaei Kordshouli, Hamed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36167739.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Archaeology
Iran
Fars
Parthian
Sasanian
cairn Burial
Khereftkhaneh
Opis:
In the historical period, the Fars region in Iran was one of the most important cultural areas in the world, and it is considered the origin of the ancient Achaemenid and Sasanian empires. Although some areas of Sarchahan county have been studied well, no archaeological survey has been conducted there until the construction of Khansaar Dam and rescue operations in its area. As part of an archaeological survey in the Toujerdi district of Sarchahan county, 92 cairn burials were found. According to the survey conducted in five areas around Khansaar Dam, the distribution of cairn burials, commonly known as Khereftkhaneh, has been identified. From Pakistan to the west of Iran, this type of burial method can be observed, and the burials of Toujerdi region can be considered associated with burials from the Parthian and Sasanian periods.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2023, 12; 59-72
2299-2464
2956-6436
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Archers from Rag-i Bibi. Notes on the equipment depicted on Rag-i Bibi relief (Northern Afghanistan)
Autorzy:
SKUPNIEWICZ, Patryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142379.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Sasanian
Kushan
the rock relief
Iran
Rag-i Bibi
Afghanistan
archers
Opis:
The rock relief discovered in Rag-e Bibi in Northern Afghanistan in 2002 remains an archaeological sensation. The archery equipment depicted there has not yet been studied. The article describes the bow cases combined with quivers and associates them with the same type of kit popular in Eurasia related with spread of the recurved bows with stiff bone or horn extensions of Xiong Nu/Hunnictype. This type of bows replaced shorter 'Scythian' type of bows in 1st-2nd century CE. The integrated bow case and quiver went out of use soon before the rise of the Sasanians therefore Rag-e Bibi cannot be linked with this dynastic art, based also on the depicted elements of material culture, as well as on stylistic grounds.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2022, 11; 115-124
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Bones of Khosrow: The Sacred Topography of Ctesiphon
Autorzy:
Daryaee, Touraj
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52405177.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Ctesiphon
Mada’in
Weh-ardašīr
Asbānbar
Parthian
Sasanian
Opis:
This essay discusses the importance of Ctesiphon in the historical and literary tradition of Sasanian and Post-Sasanian Iran. It is proposed that there was a significant buildup of the Ctesiphon’s defenses in the third century that it made its conquest by the Roman Empire impossible and its gave it an aura of impregnability. By the last Sasanian period the city was not only inhabited by Iranian speaking people and a capital, but it also became part of Iranian lore and tradition, tied to mythical Iranian culture-heroes and kings. Even with the fall of the Sasanian Empire, in Arabic and Persian poetry the grandeur and memory of Ctesiphon was preserved as part of memory of the great empires of the past.
Źródło:
Electrum; 2022, 29; 267-284
1897-3426
2084-3909
Pojawia się w:
Electrum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The circular pond of Dehbarm in the Firuzabad Plain (Fars, Iran)
Autorzy:
Rashidian, Elnaz
Askari Chaverdi, Alireaza
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074855.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Sasanian
water management
paradise
Iran
Fars
Firuzabad
Opis:
We present the preliminary results of our recent find, a circular pond, and its surrounding structures, built in stone masonry of Sasanian tradition in the Dehbarm village, west Firuzabad Plain (Fars, Iran). We elaborate on this site and suggest it belongs to the Early Sasanian Ardashir-Xurra (Ardašīr-Xwarrah), the first Sasanian capital and complex urban plan of the Firuzabad plain. Based on comparable finds, we interpret Dehbarm as a garden settlement, a so-called paradise, and consider it a case study for water management and landscape manipulation of the Late Antiquity in the Greater Fars. Additionally, we ponder on the broader aspect of spring-fed ponds in the Sasanian architectural tradition. Further investigation, as well as extensive fieldwork, is planned to address this aspect.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2022, 11; 41-48
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two Sasanian rock reliefs of the king combatting a lion
Autorzy:
Ghasemi, Parsa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Bas-relief
Sasanian
Lion
King as Hunter
Sar Mašhad
Haft-Tanān
Opis:
This article analyzes the scene of the Sasanian king combating a lion in two rock reliefs. Most Sasanian Bas-reliefs belong to the first 150 years of the dynasty and most are located in modern Fars province. The reliefs typically depict the king’s investiture by a deity (who is usually Ahurā Mazdā, but, in some reliefs, Mithra or Anāhitā), the king with courtiers, the king with his family, the king at war, the king’s triumph over his enemies, and the king fighting and hunting wild animals. Two of the bas-reliefs of the king killing animals show him killing lions. One is located at Sar Mašhad and the other, less-known, is kept in the Haft-Tanān Museum, Shiraz, and was discovered at the foothills of Pahnu (Pahnā) Mount in Dārāb. In the ancient Near East, the lion symbolized power, courage, and ferociousness: whoever could confront it successfully was regarded as powerful and brave; consequently, many kings have been portrayed fighting lions (and other wild animals) during this period.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2022, 11; 49-70
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Military Architecture and the Four-Spāhbed System for Defense of the Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE)
Autorzy:
Farrokh, Kaveh
Karamian, Gholamreza
Karamian, Hamid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073397.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Iran
Sasanian Empire
army
system for defense
military architecture
Spāhbed
Opis:
This article examines Sasanian military architecture with respect to its integration with the four-region Spāhbed system (Ādurbādagān-Spāhbed, Xwarāsān-Spāhbed, Xwarbārān-Spāhbed and Nēmrōz-Spāhbed) for defending the empire. Following an overview of Sasanian military architecture within Iran, the article examines the Darband wall of the Caucasus in the context of the office of the Ādurbādagān-Spāhbed facing the empire’s north and northwest (Ādurbādagān, Media Atropatene corresponding with the historical Azerbaijan in Iran’s northwest), the Tammisha and Gorgan wall systems of the Xwarāsān-Spāhbed facing the nomadic warrior peoples of the Central Asia, the military architecture of the Xwarbārān-Spāhbed facing the western (Romano-Byzantine) frontiers, and the Khandaq-e Shapur of the Nēmrōz-Spāhbed facing the southwest, notably raiders from the Arabian Peninsula threatening the empire’s southwest marches.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2021, 10; 117-151
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Military Architecture and the Four-Spāhbed System for Defense of the Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE)
Autorzy:
FARROKH, Kaveh
KARAMIAN, Gholamreza
KARAMIAN, Hamid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142426.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Iran
Sasanian Empire
army
system for defense
military architecture
Spāhbed
Opis:
This article examines Sasanian military architecture with respect to its integration with the four-region Spāhbed system (Ādurbādagān-Spāhbed, Xwarāsān-Spāhbed, Xwarbārān-Spāhbed and Nēmrōz-Spāhbed) for defending the empire. Following an overview of Sasanian military architecture within Iran, the article examines the Darband wall of the Caucasus in the context of the office of the Ādurbādagān-Spāhbed facing the empire’s north and northwest (Ādurbādagān, Media Atropatene corresponding with the historical Azerbaijan in Iran’s northwest), the Tammisha and Gorgan wall systems of the Xwarāsān-Spāhbed facing the nomadic warrior peoples of the Central Asia, the military architecture of the Xwarbārān-Spāhbed facing the western (Romano-Byzantine) frontiers, and the Khandaq-e Shapur of the Nēmrōz-Spāhbed facing the southwest, notably raiders from the Arabian Peninsula threatening the empire’s southwest marches.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2021, 10; 117-151
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Narseh, Armenia, and the Paikuli Inscription
Autorzy:
Cereti, Carlo G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52401236.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Armenia
Anāhitā
Narseh
Paikuli inscription
Sasanian Empire
Opis:
Narseh son of Šābuhr I reigned from 293 to 302, once he had won the dynastic war that saw him opposing his grand-nephew, Wahrām III, he narrated the events in the great Paikuli inscription, which also contains the names of a long list of nobles and magnates, who paid obeisance to the new king. In Šābuhr’s inscription at Naqš-i Rustam Narseh bore the title of « King of Hindestān, Sagestān and Tūrān up to the seashore,” while later, likely under either Ohrmazd I or Wahrām I, he became King of the Armenians and stayed in office until 293, when he moved south to challenge his nephew’s right to the crown. Crossing the lower ranges of the Zagros mountains on his way to Mesopotamia, Narseh met the nobles loyal to his cause near the pass of Paikuli, about one hundred kilometres south of the modern city of Sulaimaniya. Recent archaeological excavations on the site have brought to light a number of new inscribed blocks that allow for a better understanding of the structure of the monument. In this paper the passages relative to Armenia will be presented and discussed, together with those containing the name of the goddess Anāhīd, whose cult was widely spread in Armenia.
Źródło:
Electrum; 2021, 28; 69-87
1897-3426
2084-3909
Pojawia się w:
Electrum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Notes on the Combat Scene on Tang-e Sarvak III rock relief
Uwagi o scenie bitewnej na reliefie Tang-e Sarvak III
Autorzy:
Skupniewicz, Patryk N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033827.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-28
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
Parthian rock reliefs
Elymaean rock reliefs
Sasanian rock reliefs
Iranian rock reliefs
Parthian arms and armour
Sasanian arms and armour
Composition formulae
Partyjskie reliefy skalne
Reliefy skalne Elymaidy
Sasanidzkie reliefy skalne
Irańskie reliefy skalne
Uzbrojenie partyjskie
Uzbrojenie sasanidzkie
Formuły kompozycyjne
Opis:
The article examines the Parthian rock relief Tang-e Sarvak III from two perspectives: as a source of information on the military equipment, and as representation of the victorious mounted combat genre in ancient Iranian art. As a result of this analysis of the military equipment a picture emerges of a the warrior dressed in a metallic cuirass with central opening, a scale gorget of the old, Achaemenid style, segmented sleeves and lamellar trousers or leggings. His horse is barded in a lamellar caparison, with a longer apron in front which covers mount’s chest and partially his legs. The warrior has the archery equipment typical for the late Parthian period, which strongly differs from early Parthian and Sasanian archery equipment. In the course of an analysis of the form of the composition, several possibilities of reconstruction of the missing part of the relief have been proposed. At the same time, the possibility of a large battle scene with a multitude of participants has been excluded as not matching the visual language of the era
Artykuł dokonuje analizy partyjskiego reliefu skalnego Tang-e Sarvak III z dwóch punktów widzenia: jako źródła bronioznawczego, dostarczającego danych o przedstawionym wyposażeniu bojowym, oraz z perspektywy historyczno-artystycznej, mającej na celu badanie rozwoju motywu zwycięskiego jeźdźca w sztuce starożytnego Iranu. W wyniku dokonanej analizy wyposażenia bojowego tworzy się obraz wojownika odziane go w metalowy kirys otwierany pośrodku tułowia, łuskowy kołnierz starego, jeszcze achemenidzkiego typu oraz folgowe rękawy i lamelkowe spodnie lub nogawice. Jego wierzchowiec oladrowany jest lamelkowym kropierzem z rodzajem lamelkowego fartucha chroniącego pierś konia i jego nogi. Wojownik ma ze sobą późnopartyjski sprzęt łuczniczy który różni się zarówno od wczesno-partyjskiego, ajk i wczesno-sasanidzkiego. W wyniku analizy kompozycyjnej zaproponowano kilka propozycji rekonstrukcji brakującej części reliefu. Jednocześnie wykluczono możliwość wielo-postaciowego, dużego założenia bitewnego, jako nie znajdującego analogii w języku wizualnym epok
Źródło:
Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia; 2021, 67; 117-145
0065-0986
2451-0300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Three Hephthalite Wars of Peroz 474/5-484
Autorzy:
Syvänne, Ilkka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Sasanian Warfare
Military History
Sasanian Army
Late Antiquity
Archery
Iran
Peroz
Hephthalites
Opis:
The first aim of this study is to reconstruct the main features of Peroz’s Hephthalite wars and their military significance for Persia. Secondly, it seeks to analyze the combat doctrine and tactics used by Peroz. Thirdly, the study aims to show what lessons the Persians drew from his defeat and how this affected the Persian combat doctrine. This article demonstrates how the reckless behaviour of Peroz resulted in military, political and economic disasters which undid the achievements of the previous generations. This analysis shows how his disastrous policies led to the abandonment of the reforms of the Bahram V Gur and caused the adoption of one-sided combat doctrine.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2021, 10; 95-116
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Čāhārbāzār. Preliminary Report on the Identification of a Large Archaeological Site in Farāšband, in the Sasanian Province of Ardašīr-Xwarreh, Iran
Autorzy:
GHASEMI, Parsa
NORUZI, Reza
REZAEI, Aziz
AMIRI, Mosayeb
GHEZELBASH, Ebrahim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
The Čāhārbāzār site
Bačun
city
garden
Sasanian period
Farāšband
Iran
Opis:
As a result of field survey and remote sensing of aerial photo and satellite imagery, a large archaeological site, probably belonging to the Sasanian period, was identified in Farāšband. This site covers an area of 14.4 square kilometers, very regular and walled, implanted on virgin land. The initial survey shows that it was probably a large geometric city consists of six large almost rectangular shape sections. Based on the archaeological evidence, this site has never been completed nor filled with population and had some gardens.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2020, 9; 11-22
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Castles, Walls, Fortresses.The Sasanian Effort to Defend the Territory
Autorzy:
LABBAF-KHANIKI, Meysam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Fortress
Defensive Fortifications
Sasanian Period
Iran
Linear Walls
Opis:
Defensive structures have been applied as the permanent elements of the Iranian urbanism, from the first phases of sedentism in the Neolithic period onwards. Following the Iranian tradition in architecture, Sasanian fortifications having local features were constructed in adaptation with the regional circumstances. Nevertheless, we can find some similarities in the components of the defensive installations. The defensive structures located within the Sasanian territory turned Iran into the unconquerable fortress providing Sasanians with military, political, cultural, and economic dominance over a vast area of the ancient world for more than four centuries.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2020, 9; 37-59
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Michael R. Jackson Bonner, The Last Empire of Iran. Gorgias Press, Piscataway 2020, ISBN: 978-1-4632-0616-1
Autorzy:
SMYK, Anita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016286.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-10-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Iran
Sasanian
History
Opis:
Review
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2020, 9; 163-164
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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