Temat: SHALL - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Shall in Present-Day English
Autorzy:: Lubańska, Maja
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504722.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:: auxiliary
shall
predicate
Old English
demotic meaning
Opis:: The paper aims at presenting the contemporary usage of the verb shall in Modern English. The traditional principles governing the usage of shall constitute a complex paradigm in which the implications of different forms change according to the person of the subject. The statistics show that the verb shall experienced a dramatic fall in frequency of use between the early 1960s and 1990s. The author is aiming at presenting the evolution of the verb shall throughout the centuries, its reorganization and the way it has altered. The Old English shall expressed obligation/necessity whereas the Middle English usage indicated to the predicative element of the verb in question. Furthermore, the author explores the difference in application between will and shall. The semantic shift of 'shall' appears to be a natural consequence of the competition it lost to will. Moreover, in 'shall' seems to be retracting to the narrow niche of seldom usage. The article also indicates to the use of shall in present-day English both in American and British varieties. In American English, which is commonly assumed to be more advanced and open to change than British English, 'shall' seems to survive in the contexts where it expresses deontic meaning.
Źródło:: Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2012, 1; 65-74
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:: Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Curious Legal Conditionals
Autorzy:: Berezowski, Leszek
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620814.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011-06-01
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:: legal English
modal verbs
SHALL
conditionals
temporal clauses
Opis:: The paper examines the use of the modal verb SHALL in the if clauses of conditionals found in legal English. The study traces the history of such usages and compares them to two uses of WILL attested in the same grammatical environment: a temporal use and a nonepistemic modal use. The comparison provides the foundation for examining the use of SHALL in Biblical translations, where this verb has outlived its demise in general English, and both of these sources inform the analysis of SHALL in legal conditionals. Specifically, it is claimed that SHALL is not inherently deontic in legal English but is used as an explicit marker of the authority vested in the author or authors of spoken and written texts. This approach explains why authority conscious drafters can use SHALL in the if clauses of conditionals and in temporal clauses whenever they want to and why the proponents of the plain language movement advocate simply deleting SHALL from legal writing and not replacing it with more popular modals expressing deontic meanings, e.g. HAVE TO, MUST, etc. It is claimed that no such replacements are recommended because there is no deontic meaning to replace and the authority designated by SHALL can be inferred from the context.
Źródło:: Research in Language; 2011, 9, 1; 187-197
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:: Research in Language
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: POLSKA, KTÓREJ NIE MA (BORIS AKUNIN, DOKĄD PŁYNIEMY?, LATAJĄCY SŁOŃ)
Poland which is not there (Where shall we go? and The flying elephant by Boris Akunin)
Autorzy:: Zywert, Aleksandra
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/445026.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018-12-30
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:: Boris Akunin
Where Shall We Go?
The Flying Elephant
Polska
stereotypes
Opis:: This paper focuses on the image of Poland in the times of partitions as presented in the works by Boris Akunin on the basis of the stories entitled Where Shall We Go? andThe Flying Elephant. This image is created with the use of space (as well as sensory) mapping through the presence of toponyms, names of dishes considered to be typically Polish (the geography of taste), interweaving the text with Polonisms and (sometimes spelled in the Latin alphabet) Polish words, Polish surnames, references to religious and national stereotypes. Despite its entertaining convention (the collage of action and detective novels enriched with some elements of steampunk) the image of Poland sketched in the analyzed works is relatively credible and devoid of superpower pathos. Akunin does not exaggerate and balances the proportions between type and stereotype by dint of showing that the official political area does not reflect the real lives of coexisting communities.
Źródło:: Acta Neophilologica; 2018, XX/2; 74-83
1509-1619
Pojawia się w:: Acta Neophilologica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: ‘SHALL’ AMBIGUITIES IN EU LEGISLATIVE TEXTS
WIELOZNACZNOŚĆ CZASOWNIKA MODALNEGO „SHALL” W AKTACH NORMATYWNYCH UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ
Autorzy:: FELICI, Annarita
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/920322.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012-01-15
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:: shall
czasownik modalny
tłumaczenie prawnicze
komunikacja prawnicza
nakaz
zakaz
legal translation
legal communication
modal verbs
deontic speech
Opis:: This paper investigates the modal ‘shall’, whose excessive use can be problematic both in legal translation and interpretation (Coode 1843, Driedger 1976). The context of analysis is the EU for offering a relative young legal environment where translation represents the main channel of communication. The analysis moves from the deontic speech acts of ordering and prohibiting and looks at examples of performativity where ‘shall’ is not only deontically binding, but it is also used to express a necessary condition or to set a new state of things up. The disambiguation is particularly evident in multilingual translation and is performed with the help of parallel concordances, which also shed light on the conceptual framework of norms. Data consist of a parallel corpus including English, French, German and Italian versions of EU legislative texts chosen between 2001-04. As a term of comparison, a small comparable corpus containing English orginal texts has also been compiled.
Autorka analizuje użycie czasownika modalnego ‘shall’, którego nadużywanie może prowadzić do problemów translacyjnych i interpretacyjnych (Coode 1843, Driedger 1976). Korpus badawczy obejmował akty normatywne Unii Europejskiej w języku angielskim, francuskim, niemieckim i włoskim wydawane w okresie od 2001 do 2004 roku. Należy tu zaznaczyć, że komunikacja prawnicza w ramach tej organizacji międzynarodowej ma stosunkowo krótką tradycję, a przekład prawniczy jest głównym kanałem komunikacyjnym. Analiza wykazała, że czasownik modalny ‘shall’ jest używany do wyrażania zarówno nakazu, zakazu jak i opisu stanów faktycznych.
Źródło:: Comparative Legilinguistics; 2012, 10, 1; 51-66
2080-5926
2391-4491
Pojawia się w:: Comparative Legilinguistics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Informacyjny nadmiar i niedobór – dylematy edytora dramatów Żeromskiego. (Rzecz o Sułkowskim i Ponad śnieg bielszym się stanę)
Excess and Insufficiency of Information – The Dilemmas of an Editor of Żeromski’s Dramas. (About “Sułkowski” and „Ponad śnieg bielszym się stanę” [„Whiter Than Snow Shall I Be”])
Autorzy:: Legutko, Grażyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041996.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016-11-17
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:: Stefan Żeromski
Sułkowski
„Ponad śnieg bielszym się stanę” („Whiter Than Snow Shall I Be”)
Young Poland drama
editing
Opis:: The article presents the problems faced by a modern editor of Stefan Żeromski’s dramas. In the case of the drama „Sułkowski” an editor has at their disposal extremely rich material enabling a detailed editorial commentary (connected with the origin of the drama, the historical sources used by Żeromski, subsequent stages of working on the text, publishing history, etc.), they do not however have the possibility to describe the original final draft of Sułkowski because it has not endured. In the case of „Ponad śnieg bielszym się stanę” (“Whiter Than Snow Shall I Be”), an editor does not have any concrete information which would show the birth of the idea of the drama and would give the testimony of working on the text; the editor does not also have any information about the first printing. Although the lack of extratextual information makes carrying out a critical editing of „Ponad śnieg bielszym się stanę” (“Whiter Than Snow Shall I Be”) more difficult, the endured original final draft and several pages of drama do recompense it in a way.
Źródło:: Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka; 2016, 27; 185-204
1233-8680
2450-4947
Pojawia się w:: Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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