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Tytuł:
Prognoza wychowawcza w odniesieniu do dzieci z rodzin rozbitych przez rozwód
Educational prognosis in the case of children from homes broken by divorce
Autorzy:
Sokołowska, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699253.pdf
Data publikacji:
1987
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
praca
dzieci
rodzice
rodzina
rozwód
zachowanie
badanie
edukacja
wynagrodzenie
przyszłość
potrzeba
miłość
work
person
child
parents
family
divorce
behavior
examination
education
consideration
future
need
love
favourable prognosis
Opis:
The family, the child's first environment in which his social traits are formed, is imposed upon him and all it is able and wants  to offer him is given to him without his consent, choice, and frequently  awareness. The parents or persons who replace them decide for the child and organize his existence in his interest in the early stages of his life, and hand down to him the norm sand values according to their own consciousness and beliefs. All of their activities, aimed at the child and at other persons or things as well as their way of perception of and reaction to outer factors, constitute the fabric from which the child derives patterns for his own behaviour. The parents and the closest environment shape the child’s attitude towards himself and other persons through purposeful action and through situations specially created or rendered  accessible to the child. In the early childhood in particular, before the child goes to school, his parents play the leading part in his development. For this reason, their human quality is of importance. Despite the fact that there is a vast literature on the  family the specialists and practicians in social sciences keep submitting new problems that want explanation. The prognosis of the child's future fate depends first of all on his family environment. The child's socialization, development and mental growth take a normal course if conditions have been provided for his needs to be satisfied. Particularly in the case of a child, the need of love, and attachment predominates among mental needs, with that of favourable contacts with other persons developing somewhat later. A child accepted by his family and cherished with affection –provided he is convinced of that - feels safe and believes that his guardians act for his benefit. The climate at home which is created first and foremost by the parents, is not only important for the child's development but frequently leaves  permanent traces in the mind of an adult –often as patterns of  behaviour. Children devoid of favourable conditions of socialization in their families often cause serious educational problems and are commonly  defined as difficult. The origins of their maladjustment can first of ,all be found in a faulty socialization which makes them more open to bad influence and more apt to break the obligatory social and legal norms. In studies of juvenile delinquents, the symptoms of disturbances in their families are usually found.             Divorce is always a result of certain anomalies within the family and brings about disadvantageous conditions for the child's socialization. The future way or life of the child is usually difficult to forecast, during proceedings before the court in particular. For this reason, in more difficult or even doubtful cases, the court appoints an expert who is usually a psychologist or an educator. Admittedly, the expert's observations and findings influence the court’s decision; yet after the decision has become valid and the further course of events does not call for reopening of the proceedings, hardly anybody cares whether the decision concerning the child was really in his interest and whether the situation imposed upon him corresponds with his wishes.             At the Faculty of Psychology of the Warsaw University, examinations ordered by the court have for many years been performed in case of children and young persons, including divorce cases of parents, Examination took at least 2-3 visits which rendered possible a comprehensive appraisal of the environment and of the child entangled in his parents conflict. Examination ordered by the court went beyond the child's future situation, including his past and future as well. This made it possible to roughly estimate the influence of a new family situation on the further course of the child's mental development and process of socialization. A follow-up was planned beforehand to verify the conclusions of the examination and the court’s decision. It was interesting to learn about the child's further fate, to compare it with the earlier prognosis, and to examine the child's attitude towards his previous situation (during his parents divorce) and the influence it exerted on him.             The above follow-up was conducted in 1984. A hundred persons from Warsaw who had grown of age after the divorce proceedings were included in the study. Therefore, while at the moment of the examination the youngest examined person was aged 2, and the eldest nearly 18, at the moment of follow-up, the previously examined as children were aged 18 to over 30. The time between these two examinations varied from 5 to over 17 years. Only the youngest subjects were just finishing secondary school or starting higher education or some kind of professional training at the time of the follow-up. The elder ones were students or those starting their professional career,  while the eldest ones prepared to set up a family and an independent life.             The follow-up provides data to verify the prognosis which may either be confirmed or prove incorrect, particularly if new circumstances emerged (or those unknown before) that vitally influenced the examined person's fate. The follow-up may be related to the prognosis in the following four ways: the prognosis was positive which is confirmed by the follow-up (P+F+); the prognosis was negative and negative data are also provided by the follow-up (P-F-); the prognosis was positive which is however not fonfirmed by the follow-up (P+F-); the prognosis was negative but the follow-up appears positive (P -F +).             The findings of the follow-up were included in all of the above four group's as follows: P+F+              82 cases P- F-               4 cases P+F -               6 cases P-F+                8 cases There were no surprises in the extreme groups: the fates of the child were anticipated to take a favourable course provided the court takes the expert's conclusions into account (P+F+); or the prognosis was bad irrespectively of the court's possible decision (P- F-). On the other hand, in the groups where the follow-up failed to confirm the prognosis, either the diagnosis was wrong or new facts occurred after the examination which conclusively influenced the child's situation.             The most numerous was the group of cases in which follow-up confirmed a favourable prognosis. In those cases, the family environment involved was different,  as much as the parents mentality and personality traits, cultural standards, living conditions, the child's emotional ties with his parents and many other features. However, there were certain common features which favourably influenced the child's fate and they justified good prognosis. Divorcing parents accepted the court's decision truly in the child's interest pushing their own wishes and ambitions to the background. They remained loyal to each other and respected the child’s rights. They were able to create a climate which guaranteed the feeling of safety of the child and respect for his affection towards the parents. In these conditions, the effects of divorce were less painful for the child and the child could regain mental balance shaken by his parents conflict.             In the cases where follow-up confirmed a negative prognosis, the parents considered divorce proceedings to be their business exclusively. The child was just a supplement to their lives which they did not take into consideration; they provided no support for the child who had to depend on himself only, trying to overcome difficulties for which he was not prepared.             The fates of the children in the case of whom prognosis proved not consistent with follow-up are interesting. A change for the better meant that the expertise and the court's decision mobilized the parents, and the subsequent course of events confirmed the fact that parents are indispensable if they act in genuine good faith, manifesting kindness towards the child and mutual tolerance and trust.             In the last group, the follow-up failed to confirm a favourable prognosis. This was due to facts that occurred some time after the first examination and were difficult to anticipate, which negatively influenced the child's fate (e.g. death of a good guardian).             The follow-up made it possible to verify the relevance of methods applied in the examination as well as its general conception, according to which the child referred by the court for examination is an important but not the only element of his parents divorce. In such cases, the expert examines in a different way and context and from a different point of view the same problems in which the court is interested; however, he is able to examine more extensively and penetratingly the conditions that are inaccessible or difficult of access for the court, due to the lack of professional knowledge if not for other reasons.             The follow-up confirmed the importance of the family in the child's education and socialization. A broken home creates conditions that can eventually lead to a minor's maladjustment: if there are no factors to stop it, a broken home may produce a delinquency originating situation for the child.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1987, XIV; 97-114
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Praca kuratora dla nieletnich w opinii sędziów sądów rodzinnych i kuratorów społecznych
The opinion of family courts judges and voluntary probation officers on their work
Autorzy:
Wójcik, Dobrochna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699296.pdf
Data publikacji:
1988
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
sąd
sędzia
praca
sąd rodzinny
resocjalizacja
kurator
terapia
nieletni
rodzice
opinia
court
judge
work
family court
resocialization
probation
therapy
minor
parents
opinion
Opis:
The paper contains the results of a questionnaire study carried out on national representative samples of family courts judges (277 persons) and voluntary probation officers (247 persons). The main aim of the study was to obtain the practicians opinion as to the model of probation service existing in Poland and its ideal vision, as well as the conception of the work of a voluntary probation officer with a juvenile delinquent and his milieu and the: effectiveness of such work. comparing the statements of judges and voluntary probation officers, the author intended to find out what opinion the persons who play various parts in the process of resocialization of juveniles have on the educational work of voluntary probation officers: what this work should be and what it actually is. The picture that emerges from the statements of both groups of respondents is not favourable, the appraisals made by family courts judges being more, critical as a rule than those of voluntary probation officers. Some of the respondents statements are declarations and wishes. Over a half of the family courts judges (58 per cent) and about 80 per cent of voluntary probation officers consider the voluntary-cum-professional model of probation service for juvenile delinquents found in our country to be a good one (although only a part of them approve of it fully, with the remaining ones accepting it conditionally and submitting various proposals for its improvement). On the other hand, as many as 42 per cent of judges and about 20 per cent of voluntary probation officers opt for the performance of supervision -by professional probation officers only. To substantiate their standpoint, these persons argue that voluntary probation officers lack qualifications, are insufficiently engaged in educational work with juveniles, and that in their case difficulties arise in executing the proper performance of supervision. Also the enrollment of voluntary probation officers is disapproved of, the examined persons stating that in the face of a small number of applicants for this work, no requirements can be imposed upon them, and many of them are chance persons with no training whatever. As few as 7.6 per cent of family courts judges and as many as 48.6 per cent of voluntary probation officers are of the opinion that probation officers are well prepared to perform their function of resocialization. In the opinion of most respondents, the number of voluntary probation officers is greatly insufficient.                        The author was also interested in the respondents vision of the voluntary probation officer's work with a juvenile and his milieu, the elements that should prevail in this work: education, care or supervision, and the actual situation in this respect, as well as the real course of this work. Most respondents (78 per cent of judges and 52.2 per cent of probation officers) stresed the educational elements of a voluntary -probation officer's activity. :What is alarming, however, is the fact a considerable group both of family courts' judges (21.3 per cent) and of voluntary probation officers (30 per cent) believe formal supervision to be the most important aspect.             Yet as shown by the findings of the study, the actual work of .a voluntary probation. officers departs greatly from the declared ideal model. Voluntary probation officers are burdened with an excessive number of supervised juveniles, with about 30 per .cent of them supervising over 10 persons which is the number set as the maximum. The majority of respondents demand a reduction of the number of juveniles under supervision, which is however difficult to be fulfilled because of the lack of candidates willing to become probation officers. As appears also from the respondents statements, there is no elaborate conception of the voluntary probation officer's work. Too much weight is attached when appraising this work to its formal criteria (e.g. the number of probation officer's contacts with the juvenile). Instead, the quality of his work is inadequately analyzed. Admittedly, both professional probation officers and most of all family courts judges lack sufficient data to carry out such an analysis: namely, the information about a voluntary probation officer's work come from his reports that are frequently faulty as regards quality, contents and promptness; this appears not only from the judge's but also from the voluntary probation officers' own statements.             Co-operation between voluntary probation officers on the one hand, and profesional probation officers and family courts' judges on the other hand, is also faulitly organized. The respondents perceive this co-operation as the opportunity to settle definite legal, educational and organizational matters rather, than as a regular influence of the family court towards an improvement of the voluntary probation officers' qualifications and an increase of their educational impact on the juveniles.             In resocializing activities, great weight is attached to the educational methods applied by the voluntary probation officer. His basic method is considered to be that of individual therapy which should be accompanied by group and environmental therapy. As appears from the statements of most voluntary probation officers, the forms of their work, and of influencing the juvenile in particular, were rather modest and poorly differentiated, the probation officers revealing litt1e initiative and being either relucant or unable to make the contacts with juvniles supervised by them more diversified. As few as about 20 per cent of the examined voluntary probation officers were in good contact with some of their probationers at any rate, the contact being of a therapeutical character (which was important in so- far as over 40 per cent of probation officers stated that they supervised- juveniles with personality disorders). In resocializing work, the posibilities of influence in a group of young persons are insufficiently used. Moreover, voluntary probation officers  meet with many difficulties in co-operating with their probationers families, their contacts with the institutions engaged in crime prevention, education or social assistance being also unsatisfactory. Voluntary probation officers co-operate rather regularly with schools, the police, the Polish Committee for Social Aid and occupational guidance centres only (though naturally the degree of a voluntary probation officer's co-operation with the abovementioned institutions differs).             The respondents of both groups expressed their opinions about the effectiveness of the supervision, its conditions and criteria. In general, views of family courts judges and of volunatry probation officers converged to a high degree, the majority of respondents being of the opinion that nothing but the juvenile's complete and positive participation in the social life and proper performance of due social roles testifies to a successful ending of a supervision.             Convergences could also be found. between the judges and the probation officers opinions about the conditions of success vs. failure of supervision. Discussing successful supervisions respondents of both groups stressed the importance of good relations between the probation officer and his probationer, co-operation with the juvenile’s parents, their emotional commitment and readiness to act jointly with the probation officer, the probation officer's competence in getting into emotional contact with the juvenile and his family and to win their confidence. According to the respondents, the most important factors that determine a failure of supervision are: the juvenile's considerable demoralization, influence of the negative peer group, a negative family milieu and a lack of co-operation. with the probation officer on the part of the parents. Therefore, respondents of both groups lay a great emphasis on the importance of emotional relations which should link the three parties involved: the juvenile, his parents, and the voluntary probation officer. The necessity of mutual approval, understanding and respect for each other’s rights, was particularly stressed. Mutual good emotional relations linking the above-mentioned persons seams to be the key issue as far as success or failure of super- vision is concerned. If both the juvenile and his parents have a favourable attitude towards the probation officer and trust him, it will be much easier for him to persuade the juvenile of the necessity of regular learning or changing his conduct, and his parents-of the need for co-operation. Therefore the findings point to the fact that the declared shape of the work of a voluntary probation officer is much better than the actual one.             The final part of the questionnaire was devoted to the use of educational measures and obligations of juvenile delinquents and their parents resulting from provisions of the Act of Nov. 26, 1982 on the proceedings in cases concerning minors. The Act introduced new educational measures and obligations of juveniles, as well as the possibility of punishing the juvenile's parents with a fine and notifying their workplaces or social organizations they are members of about their failure in parental obligations whenever this failure is caused by the parents fault. About 60-70 per cent of the judges never applied the newly introduced educational measures nor imposed obligations upon juveniles, although over a half of the judges and 60-70 per cent of the voluntary probation officers are convinced that it was right to introduce these new measures. A part of the respondents however (one-fourth of the judges and one-fifth of the probation officers) express their doubts as to the possibilities of the family court's supervision of performance of the obligation imposed upon juveniles. Very few judges applied disciplinary measures towards the juveniles parents in practice, although about 25 per cent of them express an opinion as to the effectiveness of a fine, and about 18 per cent believe that notifying the parents workplace may bring about satisfactory results. As compared with judges, voluntary probation officers expressed their favourable opinion as to the effectiveness of these measures more frequently (44 and 62 per cent respectively).             Because of a relatively short period of binding force of the new provisions (which was about one and a half years at the moment of the study), the problem of application of some of the educational measures and obligations in particular, as well as the judges and probation officers opinion as to their pertinence and the possibilities of supervising their execution should be investigated further.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1988, XV; 203-249
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiek kojarzonych rodziców a niektóre parametry wzrostu i użytkowości wełnistej ich potomstwa
Vozrast spasivaemykh roditelejj i nekotorye parametry rosta sherstnojj produktivnosti ikh potomstva
The age of the parents mated and some growth and performance parameters of their progeny
Autorzy:
Lachowski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/796281.pdf
Data publikacji:
1988
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
owce
owca kent
welna owcza
uzytkowosc welnista
wiek zwierzat
rodzice
uzytkowanie zwierzat
parametry wzrostu
sheep
Kent breed
sheep wool
wool
animal age
parent
animal growth
performance parameter
progeny
Opis:
Соответствующие исследования казались выявления зависимостей между возрастом родителей и выбранными показателями роста и шерстной продуктивности их потомства. Анализировали двухлетний период жизни женского потомства кентской породы, выводящегося из одиночных пометов, от родителей в 2-6-летнем возрасте, спариваемых в различных возрастных комбинациях. В конечном счете создано 25 групп родительских пар и проводились исследования их потомства в количестве 1215 голов. В результате установлено существенное влияние возраста родителей на рост потомства, оцениваемое на основании веса тела в 2- и 100-дневном и 12-месячном возрасте. Самый легкий приплод дали 2-летние бараны спариваемые с овцематками всех возрастных классов, а самый тяжелый был получен от родителей в возрасте 3, 4 и 5 лет спариваемых между собой. На установлена статистическая зависимость между возрастом используемых для репродукции родителей, ни массой и глубиной потной шерсти происходящих от них ярок в 1-ом и 2-ом году их эксплуатации.
The respective investigations concerned interrelation of the age of the parents mated and selected indices for growth and wool performance of their progeny. Two-year period of the Kentish female offspring life born by parents at the age of 2-6 years mated at different age combinations was comprised with the analysis. Twenty five groups of parental pairs were formed and 1215 heads of their progeny were tested. Significant effect of the age of parents on the progeny growth estimated basing on their body weight at the 2nd and 100th day and the 12th month of life has been found. The lightest offspring gave the two-year rams mated to ewes of all age classes, the heaviest ones being obtained from the 3-, 4- and 5-year parents. No statistical correlation between the age of parents used for reproduction and the mass and depth of grease wool in their gimmers in the 1st and 2nd year of utilization has been proved.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 1988, 352
0084-5477
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie metod Haymana-Jinksa do oceny zmienności genetycznej mieszańców z krzyżowań diallelicznych
Application of statistical analysis Hayman-Jinks for estimation of variability of diallel crosings
Ispol'zovanie metodov Gejjmana-Dzhinksa dlja ocenki geneticheskojj izmenchivosti gibridov poluchennykh v diallel'nom skreshhivanii
Autorzy:
Parlinska, M.
Madry, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/798445.pdf
Data publikacji:
1989
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
metoda Haymana-Jinksa
zmiennosc genetyczna
mieszance
krzyzowanie dialleliczne
analiza statystyczna
struktura genetyczna
geny
rodzice
potomstwo
Opis:
The analysis of genetics structure of n parent lines presented in this paper, is based on the Hayman-Jinks' and Mather's model, in which it was assumed that there was no episthasis. The analysis alows to determine the effects of additivity and dominance and provides the information about the distribution of genes in parental forms. The final section is an example for 6 lines of winter wheat.
В статье представлен аналитический анализ н родительских линий базирующий на ыодели Геймана-Джинкса и Матера, в котором принято отсутствие эпистаза. Этот анализ позволяет о- пределить аддитивные эффекты и доминантность и информирует о расположении генов в родительских формах. В последней части дается пример для шести линий озимой пшеницы.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 1989, 382
0084-5477
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Postawy rodziców i opiekunów wobec zażywania środków uzależniających przez młodych pacjentów poradni odwykowych
Parents’ Attitudes Towards Drug Addiction of Young Patients of Disaccustoming Clinics
Autorzy:
Zakrzewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698502.pdf
Data publikacji:
1991
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
młodociani
środki uzależniające
narkomania
badania socjologiczne
badania kryminologiczne
rodzice
opiekunowie
leczenie uzależnień
juvenile
addictive substances
drug addiction
sociological research
criminological research
parents
addiction treatment
Opis:
The paper presents the finding of a longitudinal study of two problems: the addicts’ prospects of quitting drugs, and  the psycho-social factors conducive to success in this respect. The first study (conducted in the years 1974–1976) concerned all patients aged 15–28 treated in that period for repeated taking of drugs, at the disaccustoming clinic for young persons and at district clinics for adults in the city of Łódź. The total of 107 patients were examined (23 per cent of girls and 77 per cent of young men). According to medical diagnosis, 21 per cent of them suffered from a social, 50 per cent – from a psychological, and 29 per cent – from a physical dependence. After about 10 years, a catamnesis was carried out which concerned 80 patients. The methods applied in both parts of the study were: detailed interviews with the patients and their families; medical examination; and  analysis of a variety of documents. For the estimation of the fates of the sample, the following issues were of the key importance: persistence in or abandonment of addiction; permanence of abstinence; and the extent of self-dependence achieved. This complexity of the examined persons’ situation taken into account, the following criteria of improvement have been adopted: a) medical (persistence in abstinence); b) psychological (psychological acceptance of abstinence and the resulting change of lifestyle); and c) social (active engagement in the appropriate social roles). Basing on the above criteria, the following categories were distinguished within the sample:1) persons who persisted in addiction; 2) deceased in consequence of addiction; 3) those who quit taking drugs but still had various problems resulting from their former addiction; and 4) those who quit and had no special problems. Against previous expectations, persons who kept taking drugs (26 per cent) did not constitute the mos tnumerous group. Their mean period of taking drugs was 13.6 years. Their interests and social contacts were narrowed to problems related to the taking and production or obtaining drugs. They were generally emaciated and had increasing withdrawal symptoms. Persons of this group went through several months’periods of abstinence due to treatment, imprisonment, or a favourable occurrence in their lives. All of them, however, relapsed into addiction quite promptly, particularly when faced with unavoidable difficulties. Family life or married persons in this group was unhappy, and most marriages broke up: only those between two addicts still lasted. Biographies similar to those discussed above were also found in the case of persons (9 per cent) who died during catamnesis in circumstances that pointed to their death’s relationship with the taking of drugs and with addiction, interpreted also as a certain lifestyle. All persons of this group had been taking drugs for a long time (over five years), and their death was due either to serious diseases combined with emaciation, or occurred in unexplained circumstances as a border-line case between accident, suicide, and homicide. 3.The largest group (46 per cent) consisted of persons who admittedly quit taking drugs but still had various health and social problems related to their previous addiction. Their main problems were as follows: in the sphere of physical health, chronic gastritis, entero-gastric disorders. diseases of liver, heart probiems, reduced physical endurance, disturbances of sleep, and in the sphere of mental health: anxiety, hypersensibility, difficulties in establishing relations with others, depression, low selfesteem, lack of self-confidence, high emotional instability, latent inward anxiety, etc. The most important and frequent social problems included leaving secondary school and the related subsequent lack of professional qualifications, a more difficult start into adult life, the need to relinquish certain professional aspirations and a more interesting job, and a lack of prospects of promotion. In most respondents, this caused a sense of instability and inevitably gave rise to frustrations, increasing their passiveness and apathy. This situation was particularly painful for persons whose intellligence had been rather high before they started taking drugs and who used to have various interests and aspirations. The coincidence of the ahove circumstances also negatively affected their family and marital situation. The fates of persons who quit after several years of taking drugs seem to indicate that those persons’ tolerance to stress and ability to overcome difficulties had been greatly impaired during the period of addiction: as a consequence, they were subsequently unable to cope even with everyday matters which they perceived as great problems. The last group consisted of persons (19 per cent) who had been taking drugs for a shorter period as a rule (not longer than five years in general), and who were not only able to persist in abstinence during catamnesis but also met the psychological and social criteria of improvement. A high proportion of girls in this group (over 50 per cent) seems characteristic. Moreover, nearly all those persons were married: their marriages, happy as a rule, were a great assistance to them. Therefore, the total of 65 per cent of the sample succeeded to quit addiction. What was crucial here was not exactly the form of dependence (social, psychological, physical) but rather the length of the period of taking drugs. If a person has been taking drugs for over five years, his prospects of improvement diminish greatly, and favourable results can only be obtained in the course of a prolonged rehabilitation. The reasons that made most persons in the sample abandon their addiction were seeked both in their personality traits and family environments. What is characteristic is that a considerable portion of respondents come from the intelligentsia, with an average or even high social status and good material situation (in which respect they differ greatly from e.g. juvenile delinquents or young alcoholics). There is in such families a rather small extent of pathology such as alcoholism, crime, or prostitution. In most cases, the parents’ attitude to their children’s taking of drugs should be estimated as proper. The parents played an effective role, fighting for their children to quit as a general rule. Aware of the dangers related to drugs, they took energetic steps which consisted among others in changing the child’s environment (e. g. moving with him to another town), inducing him to undergo treatment and organizing that treatment, supervising his leisure activities, etc. Parents’ improper attitudes such as scenes, turning the child out, etc., were most seldom. The analysis of the reasons which made about two-thirds of respondents quit addiction included their character and intellectual traits defined in the course of psychiatric examination. There was in the sample a rather large number of individuals with the so-called immature personality, who at the age of about 25 were still characterized by traits such as a passive attitude to life; inconsideration for their own future; a poorly developed critical attitude towards themselves and their situation; emotional immaturity; dependence on others (e.g. the mother or friends); inabitity to act effectively, to overcome obstacles and to achieve distant aims; easy discouragement when faced with difficulties, etc. It was only during catamnesis, at the age of about 25, that the respondents’ former, largely childish attitudes were transformed with delay into normal traits of young persons. This development and the crystallization of personality, connected with the parents’ activities and their proper attitude towards the children’s addiction, were conducive to abandonment of addiction by, a considerable portion of the sample. Other factors which played this favourable role in the respondents’ biographies were: a rather high intellectual level; the “psychological shock” caused e.g. by detoxification at a mental hospital or the death of a close friend due to overdose; and imprisonment and going through the withdrawal syndrome in such conditions, etc. To interpret the findings, the conception of American alcohologist J. Ewing has been used: it speaks of inducing and protecting factors in the development of alcoholism. According to Ewing, an individual who starts taking drugs regularly is influenced by a number of biological, psychological, and social factors, some of them conducive to the development of addiction and others protecting the individual against it. Despite the opinions of some researchers, “protecting” factors prove strong enough to hold back even an already addicted person and to contribute to his abandonment of drugs. With the prolongation of the period of taking drugs, the influence of protecting factors wanes, and that of the ones which induce the individual to continue the taking of drugs and thus foster a further development of addiction spreads. The following practical conclusions have been drawn from the study: – Intensified therapeutic and rehabilitative treatment, during the first years of taking drugs in particular. – Co-operation with the addicts’ parents who should be instructed (e.g. about the ways of soothing difficulties in adjustment); whose activity should be assisted, e.g. through the organization of parents’ self-help associations; whose contacts with specialist clinics should be made easier, etc. – Creation of possibilities of medical and rehabilitative treatment for various cotegories of young persons addicted to drugs (not all of them feel comfortable in the existing centres, e.g. of the MONAR movement). – Short-term hospital treatments are reasonable at the initial stage of addiction (several years of taking drugs), as in that period the addicted person’s power of resistance can be strengthened inherent both in his personality and the environment. Help and care should be provided for addicts who have already drugs but have life problems caused or aggravaquited by their previous addiction.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1991, XVII; 339-373
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Model wykształcenia rodziców a sprawność fizyczna dzieci przedszkolnych ze Szczecina
Model of parents educations us physical offiviency of children from nursery school from Szczecin
Autorzy:
Drohomirecka, A.
Kotarska, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/789886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
Szczecin
dzieci przedszkolne
chlopcy
dziewczeta
sprawnosc fizyczna
rozwoj motoryczny
rodzice
wyksztalcenie podstawowe
wyksztalcenie srednie
wyksztalcenie wyzsze
poziom wyksztalcenia
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński; 2003, 20(384)
1640-6818
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sprawność fizyczna dzieci przedszkolnych ze Stargardu Szczecińskiego a charakter pracy ich rodziców
Physical fitness of kingergarten children from Stargard Szczecinski vs character of their parents work
Autorzy:
Drohomirecka, A.
Kotarska, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/790158.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
dzieci przedszkolne
Stargard Szczecinski
sprawnosc fizyczna
rodzice
praca
miejsca pracy
dziewczeta
chlopcy
proby sprawnosciowe
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński; 2003, 20(384)
1640-6818
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Umiejętności i uprawnienia turystyczno-sportowe uczniów szczecińskich szkół średnich (Doniesienia z badań)
The tourism and sport akills and rights od pupils of Szczecin secondary schools (The report from researches)
Autorzy:
Tarnowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/790260.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
szkoly srednie
Szczecin
uczniowie
umiejetnosci sportowe
uprawnienia turystyczno-sportowe
badania ankietowe
rodzice
wyksztalcenie
stan finansowy
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński; 2004, 21(404)
1640-6818
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wolność religijna dziecka na tle praw rodzicielskich
Religious Freedom of a Child Versus Parental Rights
Autorzy:
Bielecki, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38888311.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
dziecko
rodzice
wolność religijna
Konwencja o prawach dziecka
dojrzałość dziecka
child
parents
religious freedom
Convention on the Rights of the Child
child's maturity
Opis:
The religious freedom of a child was first proclaimed in secular law in 1989, when the UN General Assembly created the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The benefits that a child derives from this convention are subject to the degree of the child's maturity. He or she was able to benefit from their religious freedom only as a member of a church or religious group – before the Convention was ratified by Polish legislators. The Convention states that the child is the subject of religious freedom due to self-respect. In Polish legislation, the child's freedom correlates with their parents' rights. The parents are given the right to raise their children in accordance with their beliefs. However, some oversights have been made by the legislators. It is not explained how to combine children's needs with the needs of their parents in case there are some conflicts regarding religious freedom.
Źródło:
Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL; 2006, 2, 1; 5-33
1896-6365
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charakterystyka środowiska rodzinnego dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym badanych w 1996 i 2005 roku
Description of family environment of children of nursery school age studied in 1996 and 2005
Autorzy:
Kotarska, K.
Drohomirecka, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/790130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
dzieci przedszkolne
srodowisko rodzinne
rodzice
wyksztalcenie
wiek czlowieka
warunki materialne
warunki bytowe
badania ankietowe
Szczecin
Stargard Szczecinski
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński; 2007, 24
1640-6818
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ogólna charakterystyka wykształcenia rodziców dziecka przedszkolnego badanego w Szczecinie i Stargardzie Szczecińskim w 1996 i 2005 roku
General description of pre-school child parents education studied in Szczecin and Stargard Szczecinski in 1996 and 2005
Autorzy:
Kotarska, K.
Drohomirecka, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/790087.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
mieszkancy miast
Szczecin
Stargard Szczecinski
dzieci przedszkolne
rodzice
wyksztalcenie
rok 1996
rok 2005
badania ankietowe
analiza porownawcza
szkoly srednie
szkoly wyzsze
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński; 2007, 24
1640-6818
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zachowania higieniczne uczniów kończących szkołę podstawową
Hygienic behaviours of primary school graduates
Autorzy:
Makris, M.
Chaladus, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/789933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
szkoly podstawowe
uczniowie
absolwenci
zachowania higieniczne
styl zycia
promocja zdrowia
higiena osobista
rodzice
badania ankietowe
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński; 2008, 25(570)
1640-6818
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Kultury Fizycznej. Uniwersytet Szczeciński
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obrzęd chrztu świętego w Kościele anglikańskim
The Baptism Service in the Church of England
Autorzy:
Maciaszek, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32062595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Kościół anglikański
chrzest
rodzice chrzestni
nowe narodziny
nowe życie
Church of England
baptism
godparents
new birth
new life
Opis:
In the Church of England baptism must always be administered with water in the name of the blessed Trinity, according to Jesus Christ’s command (Mt 28,19). As regards the effect of this sacrament marks a person’s new birth into God’s kingdom. It is a death to sin and comprehends gifts that by nature people cannot have. In it they are regenerated and made members of Christ and children of God. Baptism is something that happens to someone on the outside (being dipped in or sprinkled with water) as a symbol or sign of something happening on the inside (repentance, forgiveness and the gift of the Holy Spirit). The baptism of baby or an adult is a sign of the profound spiritual change which takes place when someone becomes a Christians. This is why this sacrament is celebrated as such an important event in the life of the Church. There are two basic types of baptism service in the Church of England. There are baptism services that follow the order of service in the Book of Common Prayer of 1662 and there are those that follow the orders of service in Common Worship that were authorised for use from 1998. In spite of the differences there are a number of core elements that can be seen in the orders of service in both the Book of Common Prayer and Common Worship, elements that are central to Christian baptism and that can be found in services of baptism from very early time. In the case of the Common Worship services there is the option for additional elements, which are also practices that go back to the early days of the Church. In the Anglican Churches godparents agree to take on three special responsibilities; to pray for the child, to set him a good example and to teach him. The Church expect parents and godparents to play their part in introducing the child to Christianity. Those who are older when they are baptized have sponsors rather than Godparents. The role of the sponsor is not to speak for the person being baptized, but to formally present them for baptism and to help them in their growth as Christians after they have been baptised.
Źródło:
Roczniki Liturgiczno-Homiletyczne; 2009, 1; 257-270
2082-8586
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Liturgiczno-Homiletyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola rodziny w formacji kandydatów do kapłaństwa w nauczaniu Kościoła
The Role of the Family in the Formation of Candidates for Priesthood in the Churchs Teaching
Autorzy:
Brzeziński, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31342820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
rodzina
relacja rodzice-dzieci
wiara
miłość
powołanie
kapłaństwo
family
parental love
faith
vocation
priesthood
Opis:
The changes occurring in our society on the religious plane result, among others, in a decline of priestly vocations. Hence the need of cooperation between the family, priests and the people who are responsible for the vocations is of prime importance, so that a young man to whom Christ turns with the call “Follow me” can be aided in his response to this call. Through a Christian atmosphere of its life, through an everyday testimony of faith and religious life the family helps one be formed, develop and become mature in his priestly vocation. The significance of the parents' agreement to the son's decision about entering the seminary as well as the attitude of support that the parents and other members of the family should assume and show the called one on the spiritual, moral or emotional plane, so that Christ's invitation would not prove in vain, is also stressed in the article.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk o Rodzinie; 2009, 1; 169-182
2081-2078
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk o Rodzinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 299

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