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Tytuł:
Polityka bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej wobec państw kaspijskich Azji Centralnej
Energy Security Policy of the People’s Republic of China towards the Caspian States of Central Asia
Autorzy:
Misiągiewicz, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
energy security
People’s Republic of China
Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan.
Opis:
In contemporary international relations, the issue of energy security is becoming fundamental. Access to energy resources is an existential need of every country, conditioning its economic and social development. In such a situation, states try to construct long-term energy security policies to ensure smooth supplies of raw materials. The research problem is the analysis of the energy security policy of the People’s Republic of China towards the Caspian states of Central Asia: Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. In the research process, a hypothesis was verified, assuming that China’s energy security policy in the Caspian region of Central Asia is determined by the increased demand of this superpower for energy resources and geographical proximity to oil and gas deposits located in Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) became interested in the hydrocarbon resources of the Central Asian region right after the collapse of the USSR. At that time, the energy security policy of this superpower was implemented in several stages: from gaining access to the oil and gas reserves of the countries of the region to the construction of export pipelines supplying the absorptive Chinese market. Thus, the analysis presents the conditions of the PRC’s energy security policy, its institutional dimension and actions towards Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, both in upstream and midstream terms.
Źródło:
Azja-Pacyfik; 2022, XXVI; 7-26
1643-692X
Pojawia się w:
Azja-Pacyfik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New Italian Migration in the People’s Republic of China
Autorzy:
Chirivì, Marianna
Moffa, Grazia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079467.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-07-30
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
People’s Republic of China
expat
skilled migration
new migrations
Opis:
In the panorama of international migration statistics, there is a progressive growth of registrations of Italian citizens residing abroad. In particular, the steady increase in consular registrations based in the People’s Republic of China is striking. The expression “new emigrations” is an increasingly recurrent among scholars to highlight the quantitative and qualitative changes that have characterised Italian emigration abroad in recent years. The choice to emigrate depends on many factors, the very definition of new emigration calls into question aspects of the debate that imply a careful evaluation of the different components that characterize its profile. Which dimensions, above others, act on the choice to emigrate? Which aspects characterize the profile of Italians who decide to undertake an emigration experience in the People’s Republic of China, albeit temporary? New Italian migration in Shanghai is a Skilled Migration? In this article, we will focus on some results of a qualitative research conducted on the new Italian emigration to China1. More precisely, in the following pages we try to bring out which dimensions act in the choice to emigrate and which aspects characterize the profile of Italians who decide to emigrate to Shanghai.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2022, 13, 26; 47-59
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the issue of international unity and synergy of the communist movement
Autorzy:
Wiktor, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933270.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
communism
Communist Party of China
People’s Republic of China
Marxism
political movements
Opis:
The subject of the analysis is the development of program and organizational changes in recent decades in Communist Party of China. In particular, the international context and potential opportunities for international cooperation of communist parties and the creation of a new global organization are considered. The publication also considers the historical background of the functioning of the Communist International. It is stated that Communist Party of China possess own independent way of building of socialism. Article main conclusion is that international communist movement should change its relations with the Communist Party of China and cooperate together.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2020, 12; 125-136
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PORÓWNANIE KULTURY STRATEGICZNEJ STANÓW ZJEDNOCZONYCH I CHIŃSKIEJ REPUBLIKI LUDOWEJ
A COMPARISON OF THE STRATEGIC CULTURE OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Autorzy:
Wójtowicz, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513242.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Strategic culture
United States of America
People’s Republic of China
Opis:
Strategic culture in the theory of international relations is now one of the most important concepts explaining the rules of military behaviour by individual states. In contrast to realism and idealism, its focuses on the influence of internal factors on foreign policy, such as historical experience, national identity, morals in society, and perception of diplomacy by political elites. It therefore allows us to respond to many questions that researchers are not able to answer based solely on the theory of political realism ‒ the perception of national security threats by governments, the national way of war, the socially-acceptable level of victims, the attitude of armed forces to the use of new technologies, or trust to allies. The purpose of this article is to compare the strategic culture of the United States and the People's Republic of China ‒ states with significantly different strategic cultures, historical experience, national identity and methods of warfare. The content of this article may be useful to any person interested in Sino-American relations, political rivalry in the Western Pacific and a possible future war between these powers.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2018, 16, 1; 103-116 (14)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Manifestations of Chinese Development Aid and Its Hidden Meanings
Autorzy:
Kobierecka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2019122.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
development aid
China
People’s Republic of China
soft power
public diplomacy
Opis:
The People’s Republic of China is one of the states focusing intensively on building its soft power and shaping its international image. However, China’s image is still negative and primarily based on stereotypes. In recent years, this country is willing to change such perceptions and present itself as an efficient, intensively developing, capable country that is much more than just a global production plant. The article aims to review China’s different manifestations of development aid regarding changing this type of public diplomacy and its meaning to the Chinese government. Is it only motivated by good intentions, or maybe its goal is to only provide an advantage to China? It is evident that owing to significant development, China needs to expand its economic contacts. However, the tested hypothesis states that behind Chinese development aid, political motivation is hidden as well. The research is based on content analysis of official documents and Foreign Ministry’s statements referring to development aid.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 1 (50); 9-23
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic Sanctions as a Tool of China’s Hybrid Strategies
Autorzy:
Wiśniewski, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2019850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
coercion
hybrid warfare
People’s Republic of China
economic sanctions
Opis:
The article aims to analyze the role of economic sanctions in the People’s Republic of China’s overall approach to achieving its security objectives in the international arena. During the last two decades, Beijing used this instrument on numerous occasions to exert pressure on a varied group of actors. China’s current strategy toward a range of disputes and conflicts it is engaged in (the South China Sea territorial disputes most prominently stand out) is often described using the popular vocabulary of “hybrid warfare” or “grey zone conflicts”. Putting the conceptual complications aside, the author agrees that the PRC’s approach can be viewed as part of a growing trend for great powers to employ what can be called “hybrid strategies” toward its opponents. As part of a broader category of economic statecraft, economic sanctions form an important element of this approach. Considering current scholarship on both “hybrid” (or “grey area”) warfare and economic sanctions, the article answers the question of why the PRC increasingly resorts to hybrid strategies (including economic coercion) and identifies the main characteristics of Chinese economic sanctions. It also provides preliminary conclusions on their effectiveness.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 3 (50); 91-103
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Green Belt Road jako jeden z komponentów chińskiej Inicjatywy Pasa i Szlaku 2.0
Autorzy:
Tomaszewska, Paula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120262.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
environment
Belt and Road initiative
infrastructure
People’s Republic of China
Opis:
The aim of the article is (1) to describe the evaluation during the RDI initiative; (2) analysis of Chinese documents on “greening” projects under the Belt and Road initiative; (3) describe the impact of the initiative on the environment; (4) describing the role of socio-economic factors influencing the environment of RDI and sustainable development policy; (5) issuing recommendations and recommendations for the PRC. The article may contribute to intensifying the discussion on the environmental impact of the Belt and Road Initiative and to carrying out further interdisciplinary research – taking into account the multifaceted nature of this cross-border initiative. This is crucial as the impact of BRI is likely to be felt for generations after it is completed worldwide.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2022, 3(35); 47-66
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tożsamość narodowa na Tajwanie
National Identity in Taiwan
Autorzy:
Zieliński, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Taiwan
China
nationalism
nation
Republic of China
Tajwan
Chiny
nacjonalizm
naród
Republika Chińska
Opis:
Specyficzna sytuacja międzynarodowa Tajwanu znajduje swoje odbicie w samoidentyfikacji jego mieszkańców. Ludność wyspy może wybierać między tożsamością narodową chińską, tajwańską oraz chińsko-tajwańską. Skomplikowana historia tylko pogłębia zamieszanie związane z samookreśleniem się wyspiarzy. Ich ostateczny wybór może mieć globalne konsekwencje, gdyż może stać się przyczynkiem do wojny mocarstw. Obecnie jest jednak ciekawym przykładem budowy narodu, który należy zgłębić, aby lepiej poznać procesy narodotwórcze
The specific international situation of Taiwan is reflected in the self-identification of its residents. The island’s population can choose between Chinese, Taiwanese and Chinese-Taiwanese national identities. The complicated history only deepens the confusion associated with the self-determination of the islanders. Their final choice may have global consequences, as it may contribute to the war of the great powers. At present, however, it is an interesting example of building a nation that needs to be exploredin order to get to know better nation building processes.
Źródło:
Refleksje. Pismo naukowe studentów i doktorantów WNPiD UAM; 2019, 19-20; 185-199
2081-8270
Pojawia się w:
Refleksje. Pismo naukowe studentów i doktorantów WNPiD UAM
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hidden Messages: Connotation analysis of Textile Trademarks in the Republic of China (1912-1949)
Autorzy:
Cong, Tianzhu
Zhang, Yi
Shen, Linlin
Cui, Rongrong
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200961.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Tematy:
Republic of China
textile trademark
connotation analysis
hidden message
innovative design
Opis:
This study analyses trademarks of the textile industry issued between 1912–1949 in the Republic of China, revealing the trademarks’ art features and hidden messages. The trademarks’ images and information folders were critically examined within their historical context. The work, by analysing the themes and patterns of the trademarks, revealed that the people-oriented conception, humanistic spirit, nationalist sentiment and the multiple connotations of era development were behind the trademarks, which answers questions about the social connotations of textile trademarks of the Republic of China and also gives us some guidance to understand how to use these connotations for innovation trademark design to inherit better traditional culture in the future.
Źródło:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2023, 31, 2; 56--64
1230-3666
2300-7354
Pojawia się w:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityczno-wojskowy wymiar rywalizacji między Chińską Republiką Ludową a Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki w XX i XXI wieku
Autorzy:
Jureńczyk, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647615.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
People’s Republic of China, United States of America, Republic of China (Taiwan), politico-military rivalry
Chińska Republika Ludowa, Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki, Republika Chińska (Tajwan), rywalizacja polityczno-militarna
Opis:
Abstract: The aim of this article is to present and analyze the problem of the rivalry between People’s Republic of China and the United States of America in the politico-military dimension in the twentieth and twenty-first century. The text focuses on the main areas of this rivalry. During the Cold War, US -China relations have evolved from hostility to tactical rapprochement directed against a common threat, the Soviet Union. After its end the PRC is contesting American hegemonic leadership, which is the main barrier to expanding its influence. So far, these countries competed mainly in East Asia and Southeast Asia, but with the development of the power status of China, this area extends to other regions of Asia and other continents. The main thesis of the article assumes that currently in China's interest is the formation of a multipolar international system. In the 50-year term, however, they will outdistance the US and other competitors, achieving a dominant position in the world. The main paradigm adopted in the research is the offensive type of the structural realism.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i analiza problematyki rywalizacji Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej ze Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki w wymiarze polityczno-militarnym w XX i XXI wieku. W tekście skupiono się na głównych obszarach tej rywalizacji. W okresie zimnej wojny relacje ChRL i USA ewoluowały od wrogości do taktycznego zbliżenia, skierowanego przeciwko wspólnemu zagrożeniu w postaci ZSRR . Po jej zakończeniu Chiny kontestują amerykańskie przywództwo hegemoniczne, które jest główną barierą dla rozszerzania przez nie wpływów. Dotychczas państwa te konkurowały głównie w A zji Wschodniej i A zji Południowo-Wschodniej, jednak wraz z rozwojem mocarstwowości Chin obszar ten rozszerza się na pozostałe regiony Azji i inne kontynenty. Główna teza artykułu zakłada, że obecnie w interesie Chin leży ukształtowanie wielobiegunowego układu międzynarodowego. W około 50-letniej perspektywie zdystansują one jednak USA i innych konkurentów, osiągając dominującą pozycję na świecie. Podstawowym paradygmatem przyjętym podczas badań jest realizm strukturalny ofensywny.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2017, 24, 2
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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