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Tytuł:
Trends in automotive emissions, fuels, lubricants, legislation and test methods –a global view, with a focus on the EU & US – summary of the 5th International Exhaust Emissions Symposium (IEES)
Autorzy:
Bielaczyc, P.
Woodburn, J.
Gandyk, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
exhaust emissions
emission standards
RDE
Real Driving Emissions
WLTP
Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures
WLTC
biofuel
exhaust aftertreatment systems
fuel
lubricant
emisja spalin
standardy emisji
rzeczywista emisja cząstek
biopaliwa
system oczyszczania spalin
paliwo
olej
Opis:
The field of vehicular exhaust emissions is experiencing wide-ranging and rapid changes. Air quality is very high on the political agenda and pressure remains to limit and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the road transport sector. In addition to limits being increasingly stringent, the list of parameters subject to legal limits are slowly expanding – and, most importantly, these limits must be met under a wide wide range of conditions. A range of strategies are available to overcome these difficulties, which was explored during the 5th International Exhaust Emissions Symposium (IEES) hosted at BOSMAL in May 2016. This paper reports and summarises the topics of the 5th IEES and attempts a synthesis on the current status of the field and what the coming years may hold for the automotive and fuel industries and other allied fields.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 76-82
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of vehicle dynamic parameters on the exhaust emissions in RDE tests
Autorzy:
Pielecha, J.
Kurtyka, K.
Skobiej, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
exhaust emission
passenger cars
road tests
Real Driving Emissions
emisja spalin
samochody osobowe
testy drogowe
rzeczywiste warunki emisji
Opis:
The article compares driving test data using the latest legislative proposals applicable to passenger cars with different drives. For this purpose, cars of one type were selected, meeting the same exhaust toxicity standard (Euro 6c) and differing in used internal combustion engines (with spark-ignition, compression-ignition and hybrid drive). Several measurements were performed on the same test route in accordance with the RDE test guidelines, which requires a several of criteria to be met. These criteria include the length of the measuring sections, their overall timeshare and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. A portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters and to measure the exhaust emissions during tests. This allowed for the monitoring of parameters such as: load value, engine speed and vehicle velocity. Then the obtained results were analyzed for their compatibility with the RDE procedure requirements. By determining the road emission of individual harmful compounds for all vehicles and the dynamic parameters of drive (relative positive acceleration and product of speed and positive acceleration) in various phases of the road test it was possible to compare them. On this basis, the impact of dynamic conditions of road tests on the obtained results of the road exhaust emission of harmful compounds for passenger cars with various drives was defined.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 4; 26-34
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of drive mode of a hybrid drive system on the energy flow indicators in the RDE test
Autorzy:
Fluder, K.
Pielecha, I.
Cieślik, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133194.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
hybrid electric vehicles
energy management
electric range
real driving conditions
real driving emissions test
samochody hybrydowe
zarządzanie energią
zasięg elektryczny
rzeczywiste warunki jazdy
test rzeczywistej emisji cząstek
Opis:
The drive to reduce fuel consumption of vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines leads to an increasing share of hybrid drives used in various means of transport. Such hybrid vehicles, thanks to the use of diesel-electric drive systems, allow for a fuel consumption reduction, and thus to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions. This fuel consumption reduction results from a specifically selected energy flow strategy in hybrid systems. This strategy was the focus of the research performed in order to identify the energy flow conditions in a hybrid drive system in driving conditions corresponding to the RDE test. A Lexus LS 500h vehicle was tested in two drive modes, while determining the related energy flow conditions, including the operating conditions of: electric motors, internal combustion engine and battery. Energy balance was determined taking into account the high voltage battery discharge and charging energy as well as the energy recovered during regenerative braking. It was found that in the RDE test conditions the vehicle is in electric mode for over 30% of the distance and 35% of the drive time, with the energy balance of the vehicle being positive (SOCend > SOCstart). Additionally, it was pointed out that the time spent in the electric mode when driving in urban conditions is about 50% and decreases to about 15% for highway conditions.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 4; 18-25
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing emissions of passenger cars in laboratory and on-road (PEMS, RDE)
Autorzy:
Czerwinski, J.
Comte, P.
Zimmerli, Y.
Reutimann, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133475.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
PEMS
portable emissions measuring systems
RDE
real driving emissions
HD-vehicles
LD-vehicles
przenośne systemy pomiarowe emisji
rzeczywista emisja cząstek
Opis:
In the present paper, the results and experiences of testing different PEMS on the chassis dynamometer and on-road are presented. In the first part of work the measuring systems were installed on the same vehicle (Seat Leon 1.4 TSI ST) and the results were compared on the chassis dynamometer in the standard test cycles: NEDC, WLTC and CADC. in the second part of work the nanoparticle emissions of three Diesel cars were measured with PN-PEMS. PN-PEMS showed an excellent correlations with CPC in the tests on chassis dynamometer and it indicated very well the efficiency of DPF in eliminating the nanoparticles in real world driving.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 17-23
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected problems of real driving emissions measurement
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Pielecha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
exhaust emissions
road test
real driving emissions
environmental protection
Opis:
The article compares driving test data using the latest legislative proposals applicable to passenger cars. Real Driving Emissions procedures have been introduced in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/427. Currently, quantitative RDE requirements have been established to limit emissions from exhaust systems in all operating conditions in accordance with the road emission limits set out in Regulation (EC) No. 715/2007. Several measurements were performed on the same test route in accordance with the RDE test guidelines, which requires a number of criteria to be met. These criteria include the length of the measuring segments, their overall test timeshare, and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. A mobile device for reading the EOBD System information was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters during tests. This allowed for the monitoring of parameters such as: load value, engine speed and vehicle velocity. The obtained results were then analysed for their compatibility with the RDE procedure requirements. Despite the same research route, the obtained results were not the same. The analysis also uses the two-dimensional operating time-share characteristics expressed in vehicle velocity and acceleration co-ordinates. As a result, it was possible to compare the dynamic properties, share of operating time and, consequently, to check the validity of conducted drive tests in terms of their practicability and emission values.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 3; 189-196
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remarks about real driving emissions tests for passenger cars
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Pielecha, J.
Jasiński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
exhaust emissions
vehicle testing
emission standards
Real Driving Emissions
emisje spalin
badania pojazdu
normy emisji
Opis:
New test procedures for determining exhaust emission from passenger vehicles will be introduced in 2017. For several years, the European Commission has been developing new procedures, which aim is to perform tests in road conditions. The purpose is to determine the real values of emissions, which are not always reflected by the level of emissions obtained in the laboratory. Proper and accurate procedures for determining emissions in real traffic conditions (RDE – Real Driving Emission) have not yet been approved (as opposed to Heavy Duty Vehicles for which such conditions already exist), but there are proposals that are currently being analyzed by major research centers in Europe. There are many differences between those proposals such as determining road emission or research methodology related to emission measurement of hydrocarbons. The work compares the results of emissions measured in road tests using the latest legislative proposals related to passenger cars. The results are shown in relation to the used measurement method: classic method of determining exhaust emission; uses all measurement data determining the mass of harmful compounds and distance travelled during the test; method of averaging the measuring windows (MAW – moving average windows), also in the literature called EMROAD method, which determines the measurement windows (on the basis of carbon dioxide emissions from the WLTC test) and on its basis determines the road emission in RDE test; generalized method of instantaneous power (Power Binning), known in the literature as CLEAR – Classification of Emissions from Automobiles in Real driving, determines road emissions on the basis of generalized instantaneous power during the RDE test.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2016, 39, 3; 51-63
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Real-time emissions of gaseous pollutants from vehicles under heterogeneous traffic conditions
Autorzy:
Goyal, Yuvraj
Meena, Sanu
Singh, Suresh Kumar
Kulshrestha, Mukul
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311334.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
real-world driving emissions
portable emission measurement system
heterogeneous traffic condition
rzeczywiste emisje podczas jazdy
przenośny system pomiaru emisji
niejednorodne warunki ruchu drogowego
Opis:
Air quality problems in cities are often a cause for worry. The air quality index is increasing daily, leading to an increase in cancer and many respiratory problems. Road transport in an urban area is a significant cause of air pollution. The vehicles must meet Indian emission regulations for which the emissions are measured using legally mandated standard driving cycles that did not accurately reflect real-world driving emissions because of varying traffic conditions, meteorological conditions, driving behaviour, vehicle power, performance, etc. This study focuses on real-time emissions of gaseous pollutants hydrocarbon (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO) from vehicle exhaust pipes under heterogeneous traffic conditions. The emissions were measured using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS). The PEMS used was an AVL MDS 450 analyser mounted on the vehicle, and onroad emissions were captured. The test sample consists of four passenger vehicles with varying engine sizes, manufacturers, and fuel. The test route comprises city and highway areas, and it was discovered that the emissions were reduced by 40 to 70% on highways compared to the city. In petrol BSIV and BSVI engines, the emission was reduced to 41.73% for CO, 46.90% for HC, and 64% for NO in the city area. Speed and emissions scatter graphs were plotted for the vehicles, and it was found that in the city area, the optimum speed for less emission is between 30-40 km/h, and on highways, the optimum speed is 80-90 km/h. The emissions were also sensitive to the rate and frequency of acceleration and decelerations. This type of study is very limited in India, and more such studies are required for the assessment of air quality in metropolitan areas and successful traffic management strategies, as well as for determining instantaneous projections of pollutant emissions.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2023, 118; 55--75
0209-3324
2450-1549
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Real driving emissions : vehicle tests in variable terrain
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Pielecha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245283.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engine
exhaust emissions
vehicle testing
Real Driving Emissions
Opis:
This paper presents the results of tests conducted in real traffic conditions in a mountainous area, taking into account the natural topography characteristics. The tested vehicle was of SUV type (Sport Utility Vehicle) with gasoline and Diesel engine, complying with emission standard Euro 5. Using the portable system for measurement of harmful substances, measurements of pollution emissions were conducted. The results obtained confirmed the substantial changes in the emission of harmful components of exhaust fumes with the change of the road grade. In all considered cases, it was confirmed that with the increasing route grade, the road emissions of all harmful components of exhaust fumes increase, however this increase varies for different pollutants. The most sensitive for spark ignition engines is emission of particulate matter, which is associated mainly with the compression ignition engines. For small changes of the road grade, the most sensitive seems to be road emission of carbon monoxide, for gasoline engines emission of particulate matter is specific, first, to all diesel engines, increase of the road grade to 10% caused on average twofold increase in the emission of harmful components of exhaust gases.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 1; 217-225
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PEMS-based investigations into exhaust emissions from non-road and rail vehicles
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Lijewski, P.
Pielecha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
non road vehicle
rail vehicles
pollution emissions
real driving emissions
portable emission measurement system
pojazd pozadrogowy
pojazdy szynowe
emisje zanieczyszczeń
rzeczywista emisja cząstek
przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
Opis:
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, one of the major challenges of humanity was to reduce the negative effects of civilization development. Besides the engines used in road vehicles there is a large group of engines for non-road applications. This group includes motor propelled vehicles not used on the road NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery). Engines of these vehicles, among all of the non-road applications, are characterized by very specific working conditions that do not allow for them to be qualified for propulsion engines. The main problem with these vehicles is the particulate matter and nitrogen oxides emission. Rail vehicles operating conditions these requirements take by the similar way, as having a wide range of rolling stock markedly alters the environmental impact of these vehicles. Thus it becomes necessary to consider the issue of the method of evaluation of engine emissions in rail vehicles in terms of their actual operating conditions. Thus, efforts to assess the actual level of emissivity for rail vehicles and attempts to improve it are necessary and justified.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 46-53
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles exhaust emissions under real driving conditions
Autorzy:
Merkisz-Guranowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223645.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
passenger cars
heavy duty vehicles
exhaust emissions
vehicle testing
real driving emissions
samochody osobowe
pojazdy ciężarowe
emisja spalin
badania pojazdu
warunki jazdy
Opis:
In the assumptions regarding to the transport policy both at the level of country and Europe there is the concept of sustainable development of transport. Warsaw University of Technology in cooperation with Poznan University of Technology performs research work concerning the shaping of environmentally friendly transport system – Project EMITRANSYS. In this project, one of the conditions is to reduce exhaust emissions by means of transport. The paper presents the reasons for the testing of the exhaust emissions under Real Driving Emissions testing (RDE). Research potential of Institute of Combustion Engines and Transport at Poznan University of Technology in the area of road testing of passenger and heavy-duty vehicles has been presented in the paper. Example test results have been shown in the aspect of the emission-related classification of vehicles.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2014, 31, 3; 47-59
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Particle number measurements in the European legislation and future JRC activities
Autorzy:
Giechaskiel, B.
Lahde, T.
Suarez-Bertoa, R.
Clairotte, M.
Grigoratos, T.
Zardini, A.
Perujo, A.
Martini, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133557.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
vehicle emissions regulation
particle measurement programme
PMP
portable emission measurement system
PEMS
real driving emissions
RDE
periodical technical inspection
particle number
sub-23 nm
regulacja emisji spalin
program pomiaru cząstek
przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
okresowa kontrola techniczna
liczba cząstek
rzeczywista emisja cząstek
Opis:
The solid particle number method was introduced in the European Union (EU) light-duty legislation for diesel vehicles to ensure the installation of the best-available technology for particles (i.e., wall-flow diesel particulate filters) without the uncertainties of the volatile nucleation mode and without the need of large investment for purchasing the equipment. Later it was extended to gasoline vehicles with direct injection engines, heavy-duty engines (both compression ignition and positive ignitions) and non-road mobile machinery engines. Real Driving Emissions (RDE) testing on the road with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for particle number (and NOx) during type approval and in-service conformity testing was recently (in 2017) introduced for light-duty vehicles, and is under discussion for heavy-duty vehicles in-service conformity testing. This paper will summarize the existing legislation regarding solid particle number and discuss the on-going activities at EU level. The main focus at the moment is on improving the calibration procedures, and extending the lower detection size below 23 nm with interlaboratory exercises. In parallel, discussions are on-going to introduce testing at low ambient temperature, regeneration emissions in the light-duty regulation, a particle limit for other technologies such as gasoline port-fuel injection vehicles, and the feasibility of particle measurements to L-category vehicles (mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles and minicars). A short overview of periodical technical inspection investigations and the situation regarding non-exhaust traffic related sources with special focus on brakes and tyres will be described.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 3; 3-16
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Observations from PEMS testing of combustion engines of different applications
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Pielecha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
exhaust emission
passenger cars
road tests
Real Driving Emissions
emisja spalin
samochody osobowe
testy drogowe
rzeczywista emisja cząstek
Opis:
The article compares data obtained in road tests with the latest legislative proposals relating to various applications of internal combustion engines. Passenger car emission tests have been performed several times on the same test route in accordance with the RDE procedure guidelines, for which a dozen or so criteria must be met, including the distance of each of the drive sections, their in the drive time and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. The analysis was also based on a two-dimensional operating density characterization, presented in the vehicle speed-acceleration coordinates. As a result, it was possible to compare dynamic properties, operating time density and, thus, to check the validity of conducted drive tests in terms of their feasibility and emission values. An exhaust emission related comparison of three types of powertrain have been presented: gasoline, diesel and hybrid in the RDE tests. The authors proposed a new form of presenting the road exhaust emissions results in relation to the carbon dioxide emission, referred to as a standardization of the emission results. The exhaust emissions from city buses fitted with different powertrains tested on an actual bus route and in the SORT test were also compared.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 3; 40-55
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methods of evaluating the exhaust emissions from driving vehicles
Autorzy:
Rymaniak, Łukasz
Daszkiewicz, Paweł
Merkisz, Jerzy
Kamińska, Michalina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133931.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
emission gate
net emission factor
Real Driving Emissions
współczynnik emisji spalin
rzeczywiste emisje z jazdy
Opis:
The type approval tests of vehicles with internal combustion engines increasingly include issues regarding the assessment of ecological indicators in real traffic conditions. This is done with the help of specialized equipment from the PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) group. This requires not only a series of test procedures, but also assembly of technically advanced equipment along with the proper preparation of the vehicle's exhaust system. Currently, activities are being carried out to develop solutions for non-invasive assessment of ecological indicators from moving vehicles. The article discusses these types of solutions, at the same time indicating their strengths and weaknesses. Also presented are pollutant emission tests in real operating conditions that will be used to develop a modular exhaust emission gateway. The result of the analysis was to indicate the development directions of methods for exhaust emission assessment from vehicles in motion.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 4; 286-291
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Method of verifying the emission level of the exhaust components of a special vehicle in relation to EURO III standard in road conditions
Autorzy:
Kaźmierczak, Andrzej R.
Matla, Jędrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
emissions verification method
portable emission measurement system
PEMS
special vehicle
real driving emissions
RDE
exhaust components
weryfikacja emisji
przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
pojazd specjalny
rzeczywista emisja cząstek
składniki spalin
Opis:
The following article presents the method of verification of EURO III standard in real conditions for special vehicles. The test object qualified as a special vehicle was tested in road conditions along a defined route, and then the obtained measurement results were compared to the exhaust emission standard (EURO III) applicable for this vehicle. A method of comparing the emission factors in road conditions with the indicators obtained on the engine dynamometer was proposed. An AVL mobile exhaust gas analyzers PEMS dedicated for RDE road tests were used in the research.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 89--93
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurement of rail vehicles exhaust emissions
Autorzy:
Kamińska, Michalina
Kołodziejek, Daniel
Szymlet, Natalia
Fuć, Paweł
Grzeszczyk, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097647.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
exhaust emission
rail vehicles
real driving emissions
RDE
portable emission measurement system
PEMS
non-road mobile machinery
NRMM
emisja spalin
pojazdy szynowe
rzeczywista emisja cząstek
przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
pozadrogowe maszyny ruchome
Opis:
The basic problem in terms of measuring exhaust emissions is the approval tests of traction vehicles, which are carried out on engine dynamometers. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain reliable results concerning their actual impact on the natural environment. It is therefore advisable to carry out the tests in real operation conditions, as is the case for road vehicles for which RDE (Real Driving Emissions) tests are carried out. The latest Stage V emission standards push for the introduction of this type of test, but no limit values for toxic exhaust gases have been established and no test guidelines have been defined for assessing actual emissions. This article describes the issues related to the legislative guidelines for non-road vehicles in force in Europe, as well as the measurement tools used, such as mobile equipment for measuring emissions of PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) and newly developed emission gates. Additionally, the paper presents examples of locomotive exhaust emission tests in real operating conditions. The aim of the measurements was to assess the emission of toxic compounds against the relevant standards. The subject of the research was a diesel locomotive type T448.P equipped with a modernized internal combustion engine.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 10--17
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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