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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Shoulder height, body mass, and shape of proboscideans
    Autorzy:
    LARRAMENDI, ASIER
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945713.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    mammalia
    proboscidea
    mammuthus
    palaeoloxodon
    deinotherium
    body mass
    shoulder height
    Opis:
    In recent decades there has been a growing interest in proboscideans’ body size, given that mass is highly correlated with biological functions. Different allometric equations have been proposed in the recent decades to estimate their body masses, based on a large number of living examples. However, the results obtained by these formulae are not accurate because extinct animals often had different body proportions and some were outside the size range of extant samples. Here the body mass of a large number of extinct proboscideans has been calculated by the Graphic Double Integration volumetric method which is based on technical restorations from graphical reconstructions of fossils employing photos, measurements and comparative anatomy of extant forms. The method has been tested on extant elephants with highly accurate results. The reconstructions necessary to apply this method give important information such as body proportions. On the other hand, equations to calculate the skeletal shoulder height have been developed, with a large number of published shoulder heights being recalculated. From the shoulder heights, several equations were created to find out the body mass of a series of extant and extinct species. A few of the largest proboscideans, namely Mammut borsoni and Palaeoloxodon namadicus, were found out to have reached and surpassed the body size of the largest indricotheres. Bearing this in mind, the largest land mammal that ever existed seems to be within the order of Proboscidea, contraryto previous understanding.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2016, 61, 3; 538-574
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new large mammal from the Ypresian of Morocco: evidence of surprising diversity of early proboscideans
    Autorzy:
    Gheerbrant, E
    Sudre, J.
    Cappetta, H.
    Iarochene, M.
    Amaghzaz, M.
    Bouya, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20144.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    locality
    Eocene
    Proboscidea
    mammal
    Ypresian
    Mammalia
    Africa
    Morocco
    paleontology
    Opis:
    We describe a new primitive proboscidean, Daouitherium rebouli gen. et sp. nov., from the early Ypresian of the Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco, which also yielded Phosphatherium. It is the earliest known large mammal from Africa and one of the oldest known proboscideans. It has true lophodont molars similar to those of Barytherium and Numidotherium. It is closer to these genera and more advanced than Phosphatherium (e.g., morphology of the mandible), but it is also primitive in striking features known also in Phosphatherium (absence of diastema, retention of two additional teeth in front of p2). A parsimony analysis of Daouitherium suggests its intermediate phylogenetic position between the basal, small Phosphatherium and the large, more derived Numidotherium and Barytherium. Daouitherium is a better candidate for the ancestry of N. koholense than Phosphatherium, but it is also specialized. Daouitherium and Numidotherium may belong to the same basal radiation of “Barytherioidea”. However, the family referral of Daouitherium is uncertain (Numidotheriidae?). The discovery of such a large and derived proboscidean with respect to Phosphatherium in the same African beds of such antiquity is evidence of an unexpected early diversity of proboscideans and of the old origin of the order. It also supports the African origin of Proboscidea s.s.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2002, 47, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rhinoceros exploitation at Érd (Hungary). What a place for the megaherbivores in the Neanderthal diet in Hungary?
    Autorzy:
    Daschek, Éva J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035494.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    Middle Palaeolithic
    Rhinocerotidae
    Proboscidea
    rhinoceros exploitation
    mammoth exploitation
    Carpathian Basin
    Opis:
    The Hungarian Transdanubian site of Érd, where a Mousterian industry and abundant osteological material were discovered in the early 1960s is well known to prehistorians. The remains of megaherbivores (Mammuthus primigenius, Coelodonta antiquitatis) are re-examined here under the taphonomic and archaeozoological components in order to complete the Hungarian and European s.l. data and reassess the potential exploitation of these two pachyderms in the Neanderthal diet and economy. The cut marks, the intense activity of carnivores/hyenas and the skeletal profiles indicate a mixed origin of the carcasses. Mortality patterns of rhinoceros are characterized by the presence of young, subadult and adults, and suggest multiple acquisition by active scavenging and/or hunting with quick access. Skeletal profiles suggest a selective transport of rich/nutritive elements by humans to the site. The cut marks and fracturing of some elements (in situ butchery treatment) confirm that Neanderthals consumed these species on site and that they had at least partial primary access. The mode of acquisition seems active with rapid access for a young mammoth. Érd confirms the Neanderthal exploitation of rhinos and mammoths in their steppic environment during the Middle Palaeolithic. Érd is currently the only Hungarian Middle Palaeolithic site with a proven exploitation and consumption of these megaherbivores.
    Źródło:
    Acta Archaeologica Carpathica; 2021, 56; 13-66
    0001-5229
    2719-4841
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Structure and evolution of mammoth molar enamel
    Autorzy:
    Ferretti, M P
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22594.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    systematics
    structure
    Proboscidea
    Middle Pliocene
    Mammalia
    mammoth
    terminology
    evolution
    Pleistocene
    Mammuthus
    Mammuthus meridionalis
    paleontology
    Opis:
    This work investigates the structure of Eurasian Plio–Pleistocene Mammuthus enamel, with attention to diagenesis and individual variability. A focal point of this study was to determine whether morphological trends in Mammuthus molars were accompanied by correlated enamel microstructure changes. In the examined four taxa the enamel of the cheek teeth consists of three layers delimited by two major discontinuities in enamel prism direction. Noticeably, the enamel capping the occlusal end of the unworn molar plates retains a less derived two−layered structure, similar to that found in the basal proboscidean Moeritherium. In Mammuthus meridionalis the third deciduous premolar is differentiated from all other teeth in having more strongly decussating Hunter−Schreger bands in the middle layer, as a possible reinforcement of the very thin enamel. Evidence from this analysis shows that, in the transition from late Middle Pliocene M. rumanus to Late Pleistocene M. primigenius, the middle enamel layer, which is made up of prisms at an angle to the occlusal surface, providing greater resistance against wear, increased its relative thickness. This is consistent with the hypothesis that Mammuthus adapted to a more abrasive diet. Comparison with other proboscidean taxa indicates that the schmelzmuster (enamel pattern) found in Mammuthus is a synapomorphy of the Elephantoidea.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2003, 48, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reassessment of the generic attribution of Numidotherium savagei and the homologies of lower incisors in proboscideans
    Autorzy:
    Delmer, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21470.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    generic attribute
    Numidotherium savagei
    lower incisor
    proboscidean
    Proboscidea
    Barytherium
    Elephantiformes
    phylogenesis
    Paleogene
    Libya
    Eocene
    Oligocene
    Opis:
    Near the end of the twentieth century, a medium−sized early proboscidean found in Dor El Talha (late Eocene to early Oligocene), Libya, originally identified as a small species of Barytherium, was described as a new species of Numidotherium and designated Numidotherium savagei. Poorly known, this taxon has been excluded from most of the recent debate about the origin and diversification of the order Proboscidea. New specimens described herein show strong structural similarities of the upper teeth with those of bunolophodont early proboscideans (e.g., Moeritherium and Phiomia) and document the shared presence of derived traits in the postcranial skeleton. The newly referred material also demonstrates some unique characteristics of this taxon, notably in its mandibular morphology and the microstructure of its dental enamel. Included for the first time in a cladistic analysis (207 anatomical characters applied to all early tethytheres), N. savagei is distinct from both Numidotherium and Barytherium, and lies in an “intermediate” position between the strictly lophodont Eocene proboscideans and the bunolophodont moeritheres and elephantiforms. Accordingly, the species is herein referred to a new genus, Arcanotherium. New data on its mandibular symphysis and, especially, on its lower incisors loci and morphology, bring new support to a hypothesis of homology between the lower incisors of early proboscideans and the ever−growing lower tusks of the elephantiforms, which are identified here as di1 and i1.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2009, 54, 4
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace Region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications
    Autorzy:
    Geraads, D
    Kaya, T.
    Mayda, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23347.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Perissodactyla
    Indarctos arctoides
    Miocene
    mammal
    Late Miocene
    Turkey
    Yulafli
    Vallesian
    Hippopotamodon antiquus
    Proboscidea
    Artiodactyla
    large mammal
    biogeography
    Thrace Region
    paleontology
    Opis:
    Collecting over the last twenty years in sand and gravel quarries near Yulafli in European Turkey has yielded a substantial fauna of large mammals. The most significant of these for biochronology are well−preserved remains of the ursid Indarctos arctoides, the suid Hippopotamodon antiquus, and several rhino genera. They point to a late Vallesian (MN 10−equivalent) age. Several other taxa, of longer chronological range, are in good agreement with this dating. The Proboscidea include, besides the Eastern Mediterranean Choerolophodon, the Deinotherium + Tetralophodon association, commonly found in Europe, and the rare “Mastodon” grandincisivus, here reported for the first time in the Vallesian. The age of Yulafli shows that the large size of some taxa, such as Deinotherium (size close to that of D. gigantissimum) and Dorcatherium, does not always track chronology. The Yulafli fauna is close in composition and ecology to other localities in Turkish Thrace, and also shares several taxa unknown in Anatolia, especially Dorcatherium, with the North−Western European Province. It reflects a forested/humid landscape that extended in Vallesian times along the Aegean coast of Turkey, perhaps as far South as Crete, quite distinct from the open environments recorded at the same period in Greek Macedonia and Anatolia, and probably more like the central European one. Together with the establishment of a Tethys–Paratethys marine connection, this “Eastern Aegean Province” likely acted as an ecological barrier that hindered East−West migrations of open−country large mammals, such as bovids or long−limbed giraffes, and might have contributed to the differentiation of Ouranopithecus and Ankarapithecus.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2005, 50, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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