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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Uwagi o organizacji Kościoła luterańskiego w Prusach Wschodnich w latach osiemdziesiątych XVIII wieku
    Remarks on the Organization of the Lutheran Church in East Prussia in the Eighties of the 18th Century
    Autorzy:
    Nowicki, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955010.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Prusy Wschodnie
    Prusy Książęce
    Kościół luterański
    luteranie
    organizacja terytorialna
    patronat
    liczba duchownych
    Ludwik Ernest Borowski
    wiek XVIII
    East Prussia
    Prince's Prussia
    Lutheran Church
    Lutherans
    territorial organization
    patronage
    number of pastors
    18th century
    Opis:
    The article presented above is concerned with a few aspects of the work of the Lutheran Church in East Prussia. It is first of all based on Ludwik Ernest Borowski's work Neue Preußische Kirchenregistratur, die neuern Verordnungen und Einrichtungen Kirchen- und Schulsachen im Königreiche Preußen enthaltend. Nebst einigen zur kirchengeschichte Preußen gehörigen Aufsätzen. The author also uses earlier sources, like the list of churches of 1720 included in Walter Hubatsch's three-volume work concerned with history of the Lutheran Church in East Prussia and Daniel Arnoldts' presbyterology published in 1777. In the present article the problems are discussed of territorial organization of the Lutheran Church structures in East Prussia. These problems especially include the issue of the number of parish churches and succursal ones in particular Lutheran provinces and inspections, the proportions between the number of parishes and the number of succursals, their localization in towns and in the country. Other questions touched upon in the article are concerned with the kind of the right of patronage over the churches mentioned by Borowski and with the number of clergymen involved in pastoral work in those churches. The presented studies show that in East Prussia Borowski noted down 334 parishes and 62 succursals. The former ones constituted over 84% of all the Lutheran churches. The percentage of churches localized in towns was 18%. The Prussian king had patronage over nearly 2/3 of all the mentioned churches. The percentage of the churches of noblemen's collation was about 35, and towns' was 2.5. Two country parishes were under the patronage of the Grand Royal Hospital in Königsberg. In the studied period 412 clergymen worked in Lutheran churches in East Prussia. Taking into consideration both parish churches and succursals, there could be one pastor for each church, but on the average more of them worked in town parishes than in country ones.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2000, 48, 2; 91-111
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Relacja Jana Funcka z synodu w Koźminku w roku 1555 (przyczynek do kontaktów protestantów z Prus Książęcych, Polski i Czech)
    An account by Johannes Funck from the synod of Kozminek in 1555 (the contribution to the contacts of Protestants from the Duchy of Prussia, Poland and Bohemia)
    Autorzy:
    Małłek, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193707.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Prince Albrecht Hohenzollern
    the Duchy of Prussia
    the Bohemian Brethren,
    Protestantism
    the union of Kozminek
    Protestant synods
    Opis:
    The article consists of three parts. The first part addresses the condition of research on the synod of Kozminek of 1555, during which the religious union between Polish protestants and the Bohemian Brethren was concluded. In the second part of the article the author presents the reasons for Johannes Funck (a preacher of Albrecht of Prussia) being sent to the synod. Prince Albrecht wanted to become familiar with the religious situation in Poland in connection with the stance of the Polish noblemen at the seym in Piotrków in May 1555 insisting on the approval of the Augsburg Confession of 1530 and the convening of the national synod. He was also interested in the attitude of the Bohemian Brethren towards the theological disagreement in his duchy connected with the preachings of Andreas Osiander, which he supported. The third part of the article constitutes an account of the talks of Johannes Funck with the leader of the Bohemian Brethren – Jan Černy and the Polish protestants. The beliefs of Jan Černy dispelled the fears of J. Funck that the opponent of A. Osiandra’s preachings – Antoni Bodestein – a pastor from Ostróda was a member of the Church of the Bohemian Brethren. It is interesting that the Protestant noblemen gathered at the synod declared that they were prepared to offer military support to the prince if need be.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2015, 80, 3; 51-62
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reformacja w Prusach a polska reformacja na Mazurach
    Reformation in Prussia and Polish reformation in Masuria
    Autorzy:
    Małłek, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365719.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
    Tematy:
    Prusy Książęce
    ks. Albrecht
    biskupi protestanccy (Polentz
    Queis) - język polski w Kościele luterańskim
    druki reformacyjne
    Duchy of Prussia
    Prince Albrecht
    Lutheran bishops (Polentz
    Queis)
    Polish language in Lutheran Church
    reformation prints
    Opis:
    This article consists of four parts. In the first part that is entitled the “Word of Lord in the mother tongue of the Masurians”, the author stresses the importance of a sermon delivered by Jerzy Polentz – the bishop of Samland and the first Lutheran bishop in history – in the royal cathedral on 24 December 1523, in which he admonished that the Word of God should be preached in the native tongue of the believers, in the case of Masurians – the Polish language. The second part, entitled “Official introduction to Lutheranism in the Duchy of Prussia”, discusses the documents issued by Prince Albrecht, in which he established the principles of faith and conduct in the Lutheran Church of the Ducal Prussia. These included: 1. “Reformation Mandate” of 6 July 1525, demanding that priests preach “pure” Word of God, which according to the contemporary terminology meant preaching the Gospel based on the teaching of Martin Luther; 2. “Church Ordinance” and “Agenda or articles about ceremonies”, both documents published on 10 December 1525; 3. “Visitation instruction” of 13 March 1526, containing regulations regarding the transformation of Catholic parishes into Lutheran ones. The third part is entitled “Polish pastors in Masuria” and lists the names of first Lutheran priests active in the southern part of East Prussia. They were usually former Catholic priests who converted into Lutheranism. Many of them were Polish. Finally the fourth part entitled Polish Lutheran books in Masuria” is devoted to Polish religious prints (Catechism, New Gospel, Posil, Augsburg Confession, etc.). The author quotes here Władysław Chojnacki who claimed that more Polish prints were published in the 16th century in the Ducal Prussia (Königsberg and Lyck) than in entire Poland: 104 prints appeared in Polish, 183 in German and 90 in Latin. Most of them contained Lutheran religious writing. Usually, one parish owned at least a copy of the Bible, Postil, Catechism and a Polish Hymnal. One copy of Catechism allowed the community of believers to learn the Ten Commandments, while one copy of Hymnal enabled them to memorise many sacred songs.
    Artykuł składa się z czterech części. W części pierwszej: " Słowo Boże w języku ojczystym dla Mazurów" autor podkreśla znaczenie kazania Jerzego Polentza -biskupa sambijskiego, a zarazem pierwszego w historii biskupa protestanckiego w świecie, wygłoszonego w katedrze królewieckiej w dniu 24 grudnia 1523 r., w którym nakazywał on aby Słowo Boże było głoszone w języku ojczystym wiernych, a wypadku Mazurów w języku polskim. W części drugiej " Oficjalne wprowadzenie luteranizmu w Prusach Książęcych" omówione są dokumenty ks. Albrechta ustanawiające zasady wiary i funkcjonowania Kościoła Ewangelickiego w Księstwie Pruskim. Były to: 1. "Mandat Reformacyjny" z 6 lipca 1525 r. nakazujący księżom głosić " czyste" Słowo Boże, co według ówczesnych pojęć oznaczało głoszenie Ewangelii opartej na nauce Marcina Lutra, 2."Ordynacja kościelna" i "Agenda czyli artykuły o ceremoniach", obydwa dokumenty z 10 grudnia 1525 r., 3. "Instrukcja wizytacyjna" ustalająca zasady przekształcania parafii dotychczas katolickich w ewangelickie z 31 marca 1526 r. W części trzeciej " Polscy pastorzy na Mazurach " zestawiono nazwiska pierwszych księży ewangelickich w południowej części Prus Wschodnich. Zazwyczaj byli to dawni księża katoliccy, którzy opowiedzieli sie za luteranizmem. Wielu z nich pochodziło z Polski. Wreszcie część czwarta:" Polska książka ewangelicka na Mazurach" poświęcona jest polskim drukom religijnym ( Katechizm, Nowy Testament, Postylla, Konfesja Augsburska itd.). Autor przytacza tutaj opinię Władysława Chojnackiego, że w Prusach Książęcych (w Królewcu i Ełku) ukazało się w XVI w. więcej druków w języku polskim niż w całej Polsce. I tak druków w języku polskim było 104, w języku niemieckim 183 pozycji i w języku łacińskim 90 pozycji. W ogromnym stopniu było to luterańskie druki religijne. Naturalnie na jedną parafię w bibliotece plebanii znajdowało się co najmniej po jednej Biblii, Postylii, Katechiźmie, Kancjonale polskim. Jednak już jeden egzemplarz Katechizmu wystarczał do nauki na pamięć Przykazań Bożych, podobnie jeden Kancjonał pozwalał zborowi nauczyć się na pamięć wielu pieśni.
    Źródło:
    Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2021, 311, 1; 3-18
    0023-3196
    2719-8979
    Pojawia się w:
    Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A.D. 966. Chrzest księcia Mieszka. Dylematy naukowe i znaczenie tego aktu dla przemian kulturowych na ziemiach polskich. Zagadnienia wybrane
    A.D. 966. The Baptism of Duke Mieszko. Research Dilemmas and the Importance of the Act for Cultural Transformations in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Wyrwa, Andrzej Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532591.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    chrzest księcia Mieszka I
    Bolesław Chrobry
    rok 966
    księżna Dobrawa
    biskup Jordan
    chrystianizacja ziem polskich chrystianizacja Pomorzan
    chrystianizacja Prusów
    św. Wojciech
    św. Bruno z Kwerfurtu
    św. Otton z Bambergu
    św. Wulfram z Sens
    Ethelbert władca Kentu
    św. Metody
    Włodzimierzksiążę Rusi
    Thietmar
    Gall Anonim
    Jan Długosz
    burzenie bałwanów
    baseny chrzcielne na ziemiach polskich
    Ostrów Lednicki
    Poznań
    Gniezno
    Łekno
    1050. rocznica symbolicznego chrztu Polski
    baptism of Duke Mieszko I
    Bolesław the Brave
    966
    Duchess Dobrawa,
    Bishop Jordan
    Christianization of the Polish lands
    Christianization of the Pomeranians
    Christianization of Prussia
    St Adalbert
    St Bruno of Querfurt
    St Otto of Bamberg
    St Wulfram of Sens
    king Æthelbert of Kent
    St Methodius
    Prince Vladimir of Rus
    Gall Anonymous
    demolition of idols
    baptismal fonts in Poland
    1050th
    anniversary of the symbolic baptism of Poland
    Opis:
    This paper provides a general overview of selected sources and ideas functioning in Polish historiography on the baptism of Duke Mieszko I and the early stages of the Christianization of the Polish lands. The issue has long been debated by historians specialising in different fields, and new hypotheses and interpretations are still formulated. As part of this unfinished discussion, this paper seeks to make some general comments on some of the most lively discussed questions. Understandably, the hypotheses presented in the paper do not unravel all the mysteries and issues are still pending further research. The baptism of Duke Mieszko I, and thus the symbolic baptism of Poland, coincided with a moment of an intense expansion of Christianity in Europe (Fig. 1). Regardless of its religious, political and cultural significance for the next generations of rulers, nobles, prelates, chroniclers, historians, writers, artists and many others, the baptism has always been a great inspiration for various creative undertakings. The origins of historical reflections on this act can be found, e.g., in the chronicles of Thietmar or Gallus Anonymous. The latter rendered the events of this Holy Saturday of 966 in a very colourful and symbolic way, approximately 150 years later. In his chronicle, Gallus Anonymous noted, e.g., that just as Duke Mieszko was healed from blindness as a child, so having married a Bohemian Duchess Dobrawa, Mieszko — as a prudent and foresighted ruler — accepted baptism. The baptism freed him and his subjects from the blindness and darkness of paganism, giving them in return the clarity and truthfulness of the new faith. Although the very act, its exact date and location, as well as its cultural and civilization- bearing role are still subjects of heated debate among historians specialising in various fields, there is no doubt that it marked the beginning of a new phase in the connection between the Polish lands and the European cultural circle. At first, the process of Christianization involved merely a small circle of the society. The establishment of Christianity in the whole area of Poland was a very long process, characterised by varying dynamics and completed — using a variety of means — not earlier than at the end of the thirteenth century. Nevertheless, Mieszko I’s baptism inscribed our lands into the circle of Christian Europe in perpetuity. What did the adoption of Christianity mean for Poland? Through the introduction of the Christian faith, regardless of its initial kinks (in the 1030s), the Church strengthened the position of the ruler, offered him a divine legitimacy and made him an equal partner in the family of the Christian rulers of Europe. Christianity introduced also new, previously unknown cultural elements. These were, for example: — a new concept of God, the world and the place of humans within it; — the opening of expanded international contacts in the secular and ecclesiastical sphere; — bringing religious orders, such as the Benedictines, later Cistercians, Canons Regular, mendicant orders and others. These, as in Europe, actively participated in the shaping of the new economic and cultural image of the Polish lands, irrespective of their spiritual duties; —Latin, a universal language and alphabet associated with the circle of the clergy, and the princely chancellery; — a new way of measuring time (a calendar and related holidays and liturgical celebrations); — the inclusion of Christian symbols into the native cultural space, including the symbolism of colours, signs and gestures, the symbols of the natural world, etc.; — scriptoria, book and wall painting; — various worship and liturgy-related objects, such as, e.g., frescoes, the statues of saints and patron saints, reliquary boxes, liturgical combs, signs of episcopal dignity, patens, chalices, bowls, crosses, bells, suspended canopy lighting, etc.; — new architecture, and canons of style and workshops (the mastery of stone processing, techniques of construction and the preparation of mortars and mosaics); — inhumation took over from cremation as the dominant burial rite, etc. And other things. Slowly but consequently, these elements replaced and sometimes demolished the hitherto prevailing way of perceiving and ordering the world and its evaluation. Therefore, there is no exaggeration in the statements of the ‘revolutionary’ nature of the new faith formulated by scholars. Due to the enigmatic nature of the written sources and an unsatisfactory state of knowledge of, e.g., the earliest architecture related to the Christianization of the Polish lands (especially its more precise chronology), some issues addressed in this paper remain unresolved. However, despite many shortcomings and unexplained hypotheses, there is no doubt that an area in Europe, which since c.1000 came to be called Polonia, became permanently linked to the European Christianitas in the second half of the tenth century. All this started in 966, following previous preparations, due to Duke Mieszko I of the Piast dynasty.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2016, 15; 19-72
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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