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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    The Potsdam Agreement as Reflected in Peace Treaties
    Autorzy:
    Klafkowski, Alfons
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832022.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-09-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    public international law
    peace treaties
    Potsdam Agreement
    Opis:
    The paper is an English translation of Umowa poczdamska a traktaty pokoju by Alfons Klafkowski, published originally in Polish in “Państwo i Prawo” in 1966. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
    Źródło:
    Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2019, 10; 279-295
    2450-0976
    Pojawia się w:
    Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Vliânie rekonstrukcii potsdamskogo gorodskogo dvorca na istoričeskij centrsovremennogo Potsdama
    The influence of the Potsdam city palace reconstruction on the modern potsdam historical center
    Autorzy:
    Ceredina, I.S.
    Rybakova, E.U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2067664.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Częstochowska
    Tematy:
    historical heritage
    Potsdam Palace
    Berlin
    architecture
    critical reconstruction
    dziedzictwo historyczne
    Pałac Poczdamski
    architektura
    Opis:
    Statʹâ posvâŝena vosstanovleniû glavnoj dostoprimečatelʹnosti Potsdama - gorodskomu dvorcu i ego roli v formirovanii istoričeskogo centra goroda. Vosstanovlennyj v granicah utračennogo sooruženiâ i v ego stilistike s vklûčeniem sohranivšihsâ detalej i skulʹptur, Potsdamskij dvorec prodemonstriroval vozmožnoe primenenie priemov berlinskoj ≪kritičeskoj rekonstrukcii≫ dlâ sohraneniâ oblika goroda, kak časti istoričeskogo naslediâ.
    The article is devoted to the restoration of the city palace - one of the main attractions of Potsdam. Its role in the formation of the historic city center was considered. Restored within the borders of the lost structure and in its style with the inclusion of preserved details and sculptures, the Potsdam Palace demonstrated the possible application of Berlin's „critical reconstruction” techniques to preserve the city’s appearance as a part of the historical heritage.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo; 2019, 25 (175); 21-26
    0860-7214
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przestrzenie publiczne w nowych projektach zespołów mieszkaniowych - teoria i praktyka
    Public spaces in the new designs of housing complexes – theory and practice
    Autorzy:
    Pluta, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/344696.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki. Wydział Architektury. Katedra Kształtowania Środowiska Mieszkaniowego
    Tematy:
    zabudowa mieszkaniowa
    Puchenau Garden City, Linz
    Beethovenpark, Kolonia
    Kirchsteigfeld, Potsdam-Drewitz
    housing architecture
    Beethovenpark, Colony
    Źródło:
    Środowisko Mieszkaniowe; 2009, 7; 144-146
    1731-2442
    2543-8700
    Pojawia się w:
    Środowisko Mieszkaniowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    第二次世界大戦における日本の＜終戦＞をめぐって
    The “End” of WWII from the Japanese Perspective
    Autorzy:
    Jun’ichirō, Shōji
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810778.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Stowarzyszenie Badań Japonistycznych
    Tematy:
    unconditional surrender
    Potsdam Declaration
    “decisive battle for the Home Islands”
    “preservation of the national polity”
    Emperor Showa
    Opis:
    The guidelines for unconditional capitulation, formulated in January 1943 at the Casablanca Conference, ultimately caused a hindrance at the end of the war. Germany continued to fight until the fall of Berlin after which they were ushered towards unconditional surrender. In the case of Japan, the capitulation happened through accepting the Potsdam Declaration, since there was no decisive battle that would take place on Japanese soil. Japanese researchers mostly focus on analyzing the reasons for the significant delay of this political capitulation in the face of obvious military defeat. The article, focused on the difference in circumstances at the end of war in Germany and in Japan, is an attempt at an analysis of the background and factors that shaped the Japanese capitulation. First of all, by the end of the war the aim of the war effort became limited to the preservation of the kokutai (the national identity, national character). As argued by Paul Kecskemeti, a Hungarian political scientist, the defeated side will stop fighting if reassured that the capitulation will not damage the essential values that define the given nation (Strategic Surrender). Japanese leaders all came to the conclusion, that as long as the kokutai would be preserved, it was crucial to end the war. While in Germany the Nazi ideology and dictatorship system supported Hitler’s lack of willingness to lay down arms, and so the fight lasted until the (bitter?) end. Secondly, it is important to remember that Japan and the US kept their “relations based on trust” despite the current state of war. Both countries witnessed the activity of the socalled moderate circles. Already in the early stages of the conflict, groups of US and Great Britain sympathizers were looking for paths towards the restoration of peace. On the part of the US, Joseph Grew played a major role in this regard (a Japanese historian, Iokibe Makoto, calls his involvement “a lucky break”). Such efforts helped to speed up the end of war, beckoned by the common conviction that the agreement in the case of kokutai was achieved. Thirdly, there were military factors. In the times prior to the US troop invasions of the Japanese islands, both countries were aware of each other’s military potential. The slogan “100 millions will die together” was quite popular at the time. Hence it was not only the atomic bomb attacks or the Soviet invasion that resulted in the end of war. The US, following the hardships of Iwojima and Okinawa, cautious about military costs provided an armed conflict would happen on the main Japanese islands, were revisiting the idea of pressuring Japan towards unconditional capitulation. Both the terrain (an island country), as well as a still numerous and determined army, made the Japanese case harder than that with Germany. As the American historian John Ferris points out, the Japanese army caused the US great losses in the Pacific, but the fight with Japanese forces facilitated a few political goals. In turn, the Japanese defeat was a victory of a sort. The Japanese leaders were unable to reach an agreement in the case of accepting the Potsdam Declaration, so the end of the war was announced due to the twofold “decision of the divine Emperor” (seidan). If the fight continued on the main islands, the war would have generated more victims on both sides, more destruction, and just as in the case of Germany, Japan would have been placed under the direct supervision of the Allies and the country, most likely, would have been divided. There are reasons for which in Germany the end of war is called “liberation” (from the Nazi) or the fall (demise), while in Japan it is referred to as simply “the end of war” (shūsen) or defeat (haisen).
    Źródło:
    Analecta Nipponica; 2017, 7; 59-76
    2084-2147
    Pojawia się w:
    Analecta Nipponica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Legitimization of Forced Migration: A Long-Term Consequence of the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Lausanne
    Autorzy:
    Kulczycki, John J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311707.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    national homogeneity
    self-determination
    minorities
    population transfers
    Munich Pact
    Potsdam Conference
    population exchange
    jednorodność narodowa
    samostanowienie
    mniejszości
    transfery populacji
    Pakt Monachijski
    Konferencja w Poczdamie
    Opis:
    Following World War I, the Great Powers gathered in Paris to negotiate a series of treaties under the watchword “national self-determination.” By the beginning of the 20th century national homogeneity had become the ideal attribute of a nation-state, and in practice this is what the Great Powers saw as national self-determination. Only in very few instances did a population actually self-determine its future. In addition, the Great Powers took other considerations into account in redrawing borders in Eastern Europe, resulting in the inclusion of large minorities, which prompted the imposition of treaties protecting those minorities. If the new borders resulted in a change of an individual’s nationality, one could self-determine one’s nationality by “opting” for another nationality, but with the obligation to “transfer” one’s residence to the country of that nationality, the equivalent of forced migration and illustrating the primacy of national homogeneity over self-determination. The Treaties of Neuilly and Sèvres went further by obligating Bulgaria and Turkey to reduce their minority population. The failure of the latter Treaty led to a conference in Lausanne, at which the Great Powers in the resulting Treaty legitimized the expulsion of Greeks and Turks, providing an international sanction for forced migration. In the following decades, statesmen and others repeatedly invoked the Treaty of Lausanne by name as a successful model for dealing with minority-majority conflicts, supposedly by promoting national homogeneity, which culminated in massive forced migrations following World War II.
    Źródło:
    Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne; 2022, 14; 150-169
    2450-4475
    Pojawia się w:
    Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Shaping of the Eastern Polish Border Along the Section with Ukraine as one of the Factors Influencing on the Post-War European System
    Формирование восточной границы Польши вдоль участка с Украиной как фактор, влияющий на послевоенную европейскую систему
    Autorzy:
    Wawryniuk, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969705.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Nauki i Kultury Libra
    Tematy:
    Tehran
    Yalta
    Potsdam
    the Great Three
    Polska
    Ukraine
    border
    agreement
    granica
    Jałta
    Poczdam
    Teheran
    Wielka Trójka
    Polska
    Ukraina
    stosunki międzynarodowe
    граница
    Ялта
    Потсдам
    Тегеран
    Большая тройка
    Польша
    Украина
    международные отношения
    Opis:
    В статье автор обсуждает политические решения Большой тройки: Союза Советских Социалистических Республик, Соединенных Штатов Америки и Соединенного Королевства в период с 1941 года (Соглашение Сикорски-Майский) до 1945 года (Потсдамская конференция), которые имели ключевое значение для создания украинско-польской границы и были одним из элементов изменяющейся политики в отношении послевоенного порядка в Европе.
    Źródło:
    Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny; 2019, XVI, 4; 101-112
    1731-982X
    Pojawia się w:
    Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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