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Wyszukujesz frazę "Post-Communist" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Barriers of the Selection to Secondary and University-Level Education
Autorzy:
Domański, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929420.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-12-29
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
educational inequality
barriers of selection
social stratification
post-communist societies
Opis:
This paper analyses educational inequalities in Poland over the last two decades. Using data from national surveys carried out during the period 1982–2002 these results provide insight into the relationship between social origin and transition to secondary schools and university levels. Transition to both secondary school and universities are unquestionably selective by social class. The only question is whether these patterns have changed over the last two decades, when the communist regime collapsed and new inequalities emerged. Previous cross-time analyses for most countries showed a lack of substantial changes in educational inequalities over long periods of time. The main findings of the investigation can be summarised as follows. First, it showed that the effect of the class position of the father significantly increased in the 1990s, and then-until 2002-it declined to the degree of the 1980s, before the communist system collapsed. Second, in accordance with the findings of all previous studies, secondary school transition proved to be more selective as compared to that to the university level.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2006, 156, 4; 471-488
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Non-Profit Foundations in Four Countries of Central and Eastern Europe
Autorzy:
Lagerspetz, Mikko
Skovajsa, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-06-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
post-communist societies
third sector
foundations
Czech Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Polska
Opis:
The paper presents an analysis of roles and visions of foundations in four Central and Eastern European countries: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Poland. It offers a comparative account of the relevant legislation and the paths taken by these four foundation sectors in the aftermath of the 1989–91 democratic re´gime changes. They are depicted against a background characterized, among other things, by a partial demise of the state and rapid development of non-profit organizations. Using the methodology and conceptualizations of the research project Roles and visions of foundations in Europe, the authors describe the role profiles of foundations in these countries. They distinguish between role expectations of foundation stakeholders and the roles foundations are actually able to perform, given existing constraints such as legal regulations and limited own resources. The roles are further analyzed as parts of broader social visions in which foundation representatives and other stakeholders in the four CEE countries prefer to locate them. The dominance of certain roles and visions is explained with reference to specific features of post-communist societies
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2006, 154, 2; 187-208
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestępczość i polityka karna w krajach postkomunistycznych: spojrzenie laika
Crime and Penal Policy in Post-Communist States: a Layman’s Perspective
Autorzy:
Siemaszko, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699122.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
przestępczość
polityka karna
państwa postkomunistyczne
kara
polityka kryminalna
badania wiktymizacyjne
crime
penal policy
post-communist states
punishment
criminal policy
victim study
Opis:
Can we seriously analyse penal policy trends in the post-communist states if we have no idea on the penal legislation in these countries, on trends in crime combat and prevention or the current shape of the penal policy, including in particular penal code reforms that are being developed or implemented? We would naturally say no. The author, however, attempts to prove that such an analysis is possible provided one has access to relevant statistical data. The data are contained mainly in three publications: European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics, Penological Information Bulletin and Atlas przestępczości w Polsce [Overview of Crime in Poland]. For the purposes of this paper, the data were significantly modified not to include some of the post-communist states. For various reasons, mainly due to the data credibility and completeness, the author focussed only on ten such states, i.e. Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary. Some comparisons also include Bulgaria. Firstly, an analysis of the data shows that the common characteristics of the post-communist states under discussion are their high crime levels, both in terms of dynamics and prevalence. An exceptionally high level of crime risk is also displayed in the victimological research results. Secondly, a comparison of crime reporting levels clearly shows that the crime level in our region is actually much higher than police statistics might suggest. This is also confirmed by the results of nationwide Polish research held every four years within the International Crime Survey. We usually are one of the last countries in terms of crime reporting levels. It seems that people in our region are generally quite reluctant to report crime (due to our mistrust in police effectiveness), which makes our official crime statistics extremely unreliable. Therefore, while victimological research in the Western European countries may be treated as an interesting alternative to police statistics (and we actually could do without the latter), in our region, such research is a must. Thirdly, due to the extremely unreliable police statistics, it is essential to initiate victimological research in the countries of our region, and ideally to include them in the International Crime Survey. Without reliable victimological studies, we will have to rely on the police data that sometimes seem to be a tactless joke.  The author's analysis, although not aimed at establishing any general rules, but rather at clearly describing the facts, naturally brings some obvious conclusions. The first conclusion is that all the former Soviet bloc countries were characterised by high crime levels at the turn of the 21st century. And the times are not conducive to softening penal repressions, which makes it obvious that most states under discussion continued their rather harsh penal policy compared to the Western countries. Poland was an interesting exception with its new and extremely liberal penal legislation having been introduced in the period of an extremely sharp crime growth. However, the author underlines that these developments had fortunately little influence on the judicial practice, all the more so since the main legislative and judicial changes to ease penal repressions had been introduced earlier. In other words, already before 1997 when the new penal codification was adopted, we had reached a dead end in crime policy liberalisation and there was no space left for more such changes for fear of mass protests and riots. The fact that the new and much more liberal penal code did not bring significant changes in the judicial practice proves the advantage of the judicial opinion over penal code solutions. This means and is clearly confirmed in the Polish experience that the form of penal legislation is much less important (though not unimportant) than specific judicial practice. All the states under analysis still show a disastrous structure of the length of unsuspended prison sentences. On the one hand, the shortest terms (up to one year, or even six months) are used too rarely, and on the other, too seldom are also the relatively long terms of ten and more years of prison. That makes sentence diversification seem insufficient. In all the states under discussion, the dominating group of imprisonment sentences are those from one to three years, which is inefficient from the criminology perspective, quite costly, and leads to the overpopulation of prisons. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that all these countries have such high imprisonment rates per 100,000 inhabitants.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2006, XXVIII; 67-94
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in Class Structure in Poland, 1988–2003: Crystallization of the Winners-Losers’ Divide
Autorzy:
Słomczyński, Kazimierz M.
Janicka, Krystyna
Shabad, Goldie
Tomescu-Dubrow, Irina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-04-26
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
social classes
social status
post-communist transition
winners–losers divide
public opinion
formation
voting attitudes and behavior
Opis:
This paper builds on the work of Słomczyn´ski and Janicka (2005) and examines changes in the social structure in Poland, and the role of social classes on public opinion formation. The main hypothesis is that the divide between winners and losers crystallizes over time, as the social distance that separates these categories solidifies, and their reaction to economic and political transformation becomes increasingly divergent. Using data from the Polish panel survey POLPAN, conducted in 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2003, we find that the main changes in the class structure in Poland occurred between 1988 and 1993. Following 1993, the patterns of the post-communist social structure start to settle, becoming, by 2003, typical of a capitalist society. Results further show substantial and significant differences between the privileged and the disadvantaged in evaluation of socialism, as well as in their subjective assessment of changes in life, and active and passive support for the institution of elections.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2007, 157, 1; 45-64
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changing Turkish Other in Post-Soviet Armenian Discourse on National Identity
Autorzy:
Barseghyan, Kristine
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1930163.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-09-18
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
Armenia
national identity
post-communist
Turkey
elite
discourse
other(ness)
Opis:
The paper is focused on the definition of the Other in the discourse on Armenian national identity from 19th century onwards and, particularly, on its transformations after the collapse of the Soviet Union. It argues that with the collapse of the Soviet Union and establishment of Armenian statehood the image of the Turkey-Other or Turkey-Enemy of the Armenian nation, developed within the discursive project of the last two centuries, became challenged by the projects voting for the pragmatic interests of the Armenian statehood. The post-communist elites tend to revise the historical representation of the Ottoman period and to reformulate Turkey as a force the cooperation with which is “vital” for the successful development of the state. The problem of Turkey-other became the very point where the concepts of the state and nation clash.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2007, 159, 3; 283-298
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Disengaging News Framing in Ukrainian Press Ukrainian Newspapers against the backdrop of Polish Press
Autorzy:
Ryabinska, Natalya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-09-16
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
post-communist
media
engagement
news
framing
Ukraine
Opis:
Similar to Poland, Ukraine started itsmedia reform in early 90-s. However, different from Poland, media in Ukraine still did not become a true mediator between the authorities, the politicians and the society. This paper is a part of a bigger study 1 which purpose was to compare news framing in Polish and Ukrainian press in 2003 from the perspective of its possible impact on people’s engagement in public life. I traced the use of two news frames having a distinguished positive or negative impact on involvement, the attribution of responsibility and the powerlessness frame, in Ukrainian and Polish quality newspapers [Den’ and Dzerkalo Tyznia, Gazeta Wyborcza, Rzeczpospolita]. The paper concentrates on the Ukrainian media and analyses framing in the Ukrainian news. The results of the study presented here show that Polish newspapers more often enable citizens to participate in political decisions by critically scrutinizing the performance of their elected representatives in office. Different from them, Ukrainian news serve rather for concealment of the responsible policy-makers from public scrutiny, blurring the picture of political life and voicing public frustration with problems, which only contributes to the reproduction of people’s helplessness and passivity in public life.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2008, 163, 3; 311-332
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weak Civic Engagement? Post-Communist Participation and Democratic Consolidation
Autorzy:
Pietrzyk-Reeves, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-04-03
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
civic engagement
civic sphere
democratization
democratic consolidation
post-communist
societies
Opis:
The aim of this article is to analyze the problem of civic and political participation in the postcommunist context from the perspective of contemporary democratic theory, the concept of democratic consolidation, and the thesis of the “weakness of civil society in post-communist countries.” It argues that the institutional approach to democratization and participation does not provide a full answer to the question of how democratic systems become consolidated and thus it needs to be supplemented by the cultural approach. The analysis of the patterns of democratic participation in post-communist countries, however, is further complicated by their background conditions, the burden of the communist past, and the model of democratization that they have undergone. Although it seems that a participatory, civil-society centred type of democratic politics would revitalize and strengthen democracy in post-communist countries, two questions-addressed in this article-arise. First, whether contemporary democratic theories shed enough light on the processes involved when it comes to a democratic change and democratic consolidation in the post-communist context, and second, whether a weak civic sphere is a major impediment to the development of a truly democratic system.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2008, 161, 1; 73-88
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Ciągle żywy”. Wpływ Kieślowskiego na kino polskie w czasach postkomunistycznych
After Kieślowski. The Legacy of Krzysztof Kieślowski
Autorzy:
Haltof, Marek
Tambor, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/511590.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Krzysztof Kieślowski
Polish post-communist cinema Michał Rosa
Jerzy Stuhr
Iwona Siekierzyńska
Opis:
The influence of Krzysztof Kieślowski on Polish post-communist cinema is discussed. The author refers to all events held in 2006 (the year of the 10th anniversary of the director’s death). He stresses Kieślowski’s influence and reflects upon his cooperation with Krzysztof Piesiewicz. Also the effect Kieślowski had on such directors as Michał Rosa, Jerzy Stuhr, Iwona Siekierzyńska, to name but a few, is indicated.
Źródło:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne; 2010, 1(5); 89-104
1898-1593
2353-9844
Pojawia się w:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowi Londyńczycy. Polscy emigranci na dużym (i małym) ekranie
New Londoners. Polish Immigrants on the Silver (and TV) Screen
Autorzy:
Heuckelom, Van, Kris
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/511507.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Polish labour immigrants
post-communist
Londyńczycy
Opis:
The article focuses on growing presence of Polish labour immigrants in contemporary European cinema and TV fiction. Striking differences are observed between pre¬ 1989 and post¬ 1989 productions on the subject of labour migration. Whereas older films tend to depict Polish job¬ seekers as unfortunate troublemakers, films set in the post¬ communist period seem to convey increased social interaction between newcomers and local people which need not be hostile. This is usually represented by a motif of an interethnic love story. As such, recent European productions depart from the traditional portrayal of immi-grants in post¬ war Polish film “as an anomaly from the norm and a problem for which somebody is to blame,” as Ewa Mazierska puts it (2009; 123). Similarly, post¬ 1989 represen-tations of Polish labour migrants in European cinema differ significantly from the image created in recent Polish drama series Londyńczycy (Londoners, 2008–2009) where stress is laid on the strong cohesive spirit within the Polish migrant community rather than the motif of a (happy) interethnic romance.
Źródło:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne; 2010, 1(5); 165-176
1898-1593
2353-9844
Pojawia się w:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Public Service Broadcasting in Latvia: Old images, new user needs and market pressure
Autorzy:
Brikše, Inta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471173.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
public service broadcasting (PSB) post-communist transformation
media policy
political influence
Opis:
This paper represents a review of how public service broadcasting (PSB) has emerged and developed from the theoretical perspective in post-communist countries, also analysing the way in which these trends exist in Latvia. The development of PSB in Eastern Europe and the Baltic States has been affected to a great degree by the political culture. Parliament and the National Radio and Television Council are not focused on active dialogue with other social partners. Unprofessional management is also a problem in terms of the effectiveness and innovation of PSB operations. The author of this paper concludes that a fundamental necessity is to make note of European experience with culture and democracy, to take into account the experience of post-communist societies, and to react to changes caused by technologies. The point here is not to copy existing solutions, but instead to look for ones that are innovative.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2010, 3, 1(4); 67-79
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Słabość państwa w jego relacji do gospodarki i słabość ekonomicznej teorii państwa
The Weakness of Government in Its Relation to Economy and of the Economic Theory of the State
Autorzy:
Wilkin, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904073.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Małopolska Szkoła Administracji Publicznej
Tematy:
państwo
ekonomia
transformacja postsocjalistyczna
globalizacja
integracja europejska
state
economics
post-communist transformation
globalization
European integration
Opis:
Państwo i rynek są głównymi regulatorami gospodarki i społeczeństwa. Wiedza teoretyczna dotycząca państwa jest jednak zaniedbaną częścią współczesnej ekonomii. Ma to wpływ na niedostatki działania państwa w praktyce. Postęp w reformowaniu funkcjonowania sfery publicznej, w tym państwa, w Polsce jest znacznie mniejszy niż w reformowaniu sektora prywatno-rynkowego. Nowe argumenty do dyskusji o roli państwa wniosła globalizacja i integracja europejska. Oba te procesy nie podważyły znaczenia państwa mimo wcześniejszych oczekiwań w tej sprawie. Poprawa jakości działania państwa jest nieustającym wyzwaniem, zarówno pod adresem nauki, jak i społeczeństwa. Problematyka państwa okazała się dla ekonomii poważniejszym wyzwaniem niż problematyka rynku.
The government (state) and the market are the two main mechanisms which regulate the economy and the society. However, the theory of the state (government) is a neglected part of contemporary economics. This situation has a negative impact on the state's activity. In Poland, the public sector reforms are much less advanced than in the private, market-oriented sector. Globalization and European integration have contributed new aspects and arguments to the dispute about the role of the government, but contrary to earlier expectations, they have not undermined the importance of the state. Improvement of both the state's activity and the quality of public governance are permanent challenges for scientists and for societies. As we can observe, the theory of the state has been a more difficult part of economics than the theory of the market.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance; 2010, 1(11); 25-35
1898-3529
2658-1116
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Partie i ugrupowania chadeckie w Polsce po 1989 roku
Christian Democratic Parties and Groups in Poland After 1989
Autorzy:
Bojarowicz, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566998.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
Christian-Democratic Parties
Polska
Democratic State
European Politics
Post-Communist States
Opis:
Poland has a multi-party political system. After 1989, in Poland there are a several parties that can be described as a Christian-democratic. The party's ideological sources were principally to be found in Catholic social teaching. However, in Poland, there was not a typical Christian Democratic party. Polish parties different from other European Christian Democratic parties.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2012, 14 - Politologia w chrześcijańskiej myśli społeczno-politycznej; 295-315
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Социально-психологический подход к изучению электорального поведения населения: сущность и особенности
The socially-psychological approach to the studying of electoral behaviour of the population: essence and features
Autorzy:
Хамутовская, С. В.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/501449.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
electoral behaviour of the population,
post-communist countries
Opis:
In article the genesis, essence and the basic features of the sociallypsychological approach to the studying of electoral behaviour of the population, an opportunity of its application in sociological research of electoral behaviour of citizens of the postcomunist countries (first of all the Republic of Belarus) in view of specificity of a condition and development of their political and party system, the legislation of elections and practice of elections are revealed. The interpretations of the socially-psychological approach by various authors – by E. Campbell, P. Converse, U. Miller, D. Nimmo and T. Jungs, R. Rose and U. Mishler and others – are analysed. The works of some Russian authors undertaking attempts on the basis of the given approach to create own models of electoral behaviour are considered, meeting the requirements of the Russian political realities (E. Meleshkina), to reveal the base of party identification of the Russians (V. Iadov).
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2012, 2(10); 189-204
1898-0171
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Clientelism and Slovenian Public Administration Reform
Autorzy:
Prijon, Lea
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929985.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-01-02
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
Slovenia
public administration
bureaucracy
elite
post-communist reforms
Opis:
Since disintegration of former Yugoslavia, Slovenia applied series of reforms in all spheres of life, including public administration. The main reform was contracted on introduction of modern trends in public administration. The article discusses main reforms of Slovenian public administration and their efficiency to change the bureaucratic system into an effective modern one. However, the article aims to understand modern Slovenian public administration within the elitist approach, which seems to explain certain malfunctions of Slovenian public administration after these reforms.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2013, 180, 4; 545-560
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przemiany instytucji w krajach postsocjalistycznych
Changes of Institutions in Post-Socialist Countries
Autorzy:
Zeman-Miszewska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/588446.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Ekonomia instytucjonalna
Procesy gospodarcze
Przemiany instytucjonalne
Społeczeństwo postsocjalistyczne
Teoria transformacji gospodarki
Economic process
Institutional economics
Institutional transformation
Post-communist society
Transformation theory
Opis:
Changes are an inherent element of development. They determine the necessity of constant adjustment of all the institutions that control functioning of societies in all aspects. This usually happens in an evolutionary way. According to adopted constitutional assumptions, in the countries in transformation, the changes are of a radical character that breaks off with formal regulations and numerous informal principles of behaviour that existed before. Formal institutions inherited from the previous system significantly influence the speed of adaptation of the countries to changing external and internal conditions of functioning. A growing interest in the role of institutions in economic processes of the systems in transformation results from: - ambiguities as for the reasons for differences between the countries that start with the same initial position (that is hard to explain in categories of traditional models of growth); - differences in economic reforms, processes that accompany them and their consequences. In the countries in transformation the awareness of the influence of institutions on economic development is common. However, the institutions are changed in a chaotic and slow way, and they are often politicised. Institutions created in such way do not favour levelling the delays in development associated with malfunctions of the previous system.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2013, 145; 27-36
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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