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Tytuł:
Occurrence probability of maximum sea levels in Polish ports of Baltic Sea coast
Autorzy:
Wiśniewski, B.
Wolski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
sea levels
probability
Polish Baltic Sea coast
Opis:
In this work long-term probability of occurrence of maximum sea levels in some points of Polish Baltic Sea coast, was determined. Use was made of multi-year series of measurement data on maximum yearly sea levels, and their probability distributions were determined. To the analysis Gumbel’s distribution and Pearson distribution of 3rd type as well as quantile methods and the highest credibility method, were applied. Kolmogorov test was used to examine conformity of the theoretical distributions with real random variable distribution. As results from the analysis, the highest sea levels of 1000- year return period can be expected in Polish ports of the west part of the coast , i.e. Kolobrzeg (750, 2 cm , i.e. 2,5 m above the average sea level) and Swinoujscie (723,6 cm) . Lower sea levels of the same return period can be expected in Ustka (720,2 cm), Wladyslawowo (709,7 cm) and Gdansk (716, 7 cm), respectively.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2009, 3; 62-69
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Litter sources on the Polish Baltic shore – effect of increased anthropogenic pollution
Autorzy:
Łabuz, Tomasz Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2025995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Polish Baltic coast
litter source
beach litter
litter material
post-storm debris
Opis:
The article summarises results of studies on litter concentrations on the Polish sea shore. Origin, mechanism of transport and source of litter are discussed. The main part of the data has been based on litter quality and quantity investigation in post-storm marine sediments. Data were collected in surface sediments since 2001 and in fossil washover fans dated 1988–2000 in different locations on the coast. Litter has been divided according to the material, use, size and origin. Analysis of litter quantity on beaches after storm surges showed an annual increase. The heavier surge, the more debris and mixed litter appear on the coast. A large increase in the amount of litter has been observed after the storm in 2009. The average amount of litter per 1 m2 has increased from 1.5 in 2001 to 17.5 in 2020. Among litter there is still a similar share of fishery and ship waste. The biggest growth was observed in waste of consumable origin. Plastic litter, including anthropogenic waste left on beaches, has increased to 80% in recent years. Most waste occurred on the coast adjacent to the Vistula River mouth.
Źródło:
Studia Quaternaria; 2021, 38, 2; 85-100
1641-5558
2300-0384
Pojawia się w:
Studia Quaternaria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The application of probability density function in modeling of wind speed on the Polish Batlic Coast
Autorzy:
Czernecki, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
wind speed
Weibull distribution
canonical correlation analysis
statistical downscaling
Polish Baltic Coast
Opis:
The aim of the research was to identify the potential for the use of probability density functions (PDF) in modeling of near-surface wind speed. The approaches of Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) are used in combination with 2-parametric Weibull distribution. The downscaling model was built using a diagnosed relationship between sea level pressure (SLP) patterns over Europe and the Northern Atlantic and estimated monthly values of Weibull parameters at 9 stations along the Polish Baltic Coast. The obtained scale (A) and shape (k) parameters make it possible to describe temporal variations of wind fields and their theoretical probability values. This may have further application in the modeling of extreme wind speeds for seasonal forecasting, climate prediction or in historical reconstructions. The model evaluation was done separately for the calibration (1971-2000) and validation periods (2001-2010). The scale parameter was reconstructed reasonably, while there were some problematic issues with the shape parameter, especially in the validation period. The quality of the developed models is generally higher for the winter season, due to larger SLP gradients, whereas the results for the spring and summer seasons were less satisfactory. Despite this, the 99th percentile of theoretical wind speeds are in most cases satisfactory, due to the lesser importance of the shape parameter for typical distributions in the analyzed region.
Źródło:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2014, 2, 2; 23-33
2299-3835
2353-5652
Pojawia się w:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of the day by day beach monitoring in shore transformation
Autorzy:
Wodzinowski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1187368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
orthogonal photograms
shore zone
Polish Baltic Sea coast
Opis:
The new method of a detailed morphodynamic registration of sandy beaches has been presented. The digital oriented photograms have been taken from a stabilised point at least once a day. Occasionally also more often, for example every hour during a storm cycle. The analyses of the photograms are performed in digital mode using special computer software. This digital beach monitoring of the Polish Baltic coast was initiated in summer 2002. The test fields in Polanka Redłowska within Gdynia and Chłapowo near Władysławowo were selected. The beach areas of the length of about 200 m along the shore were registered there. Selected examples of short-term changes of the beach relief were presented. A range of spatiotemporal transformations related to different periods (hours, days, months etc.) was demonstrated.
Źródło:
Polish Geological Institute Special Papers; 2004, 11; 77-82
1507-9791
Pojawia się w:
Polish Geological Institute Special Papers
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The relief of the offshore sea bottom at Karwia-Chałupy, Polish Baltic coast
Autorzy:
Gajewski, L.
Gajewski, Ł.
Rudowski, S.
Stachowiak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1187372.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
sea bottom relief
offshore
hydroacoustic methods
Polish Baltic Sea coast
Opis:
Morphology of sea bottom of the Władysławowo area, from Karwia to Chałupy, has been studied based on the detailed digital bathymetric map prepared in a scale of 1:25 000 with isobaths every 0.25 m. A significant differentiation of the bottom relief has been observed, with the level changes up to 1-3 metres, mostly connected with the occurrence of specific systems of ridges and runnels. They are probably partly relict forms (fluvial and/or coastal?), changed to certain degree during the rapid stage of the Litorina transgression, and in partly forms created by the recent waves. Several types of the sea bottom surface, differing in pattern of morphological forms, have been recognised within inshore, near shore, and open sea (above 16 m depths) areas. The full knowledge of the origin and development of these relief forms requires further specialised research, currently carried out. Nonetheless, the already obtained picture of the sea bottom relief indicates an intensified abrasion of the offshore sea bottom, and an intensive, irreversible sweeping out of the sediments from the shore to the open sea, most probably by rip currents, at a distance up to several kilometres from the shore. It is in accordance with the results of a former large-scale (1:500) study of the sea bottom at the test field at Chłapowo, performed with the use of an integrated system of non-invasive and direct methods.
Źródło:
Polish Geological Institute Special Papers; 2004, 11; 91-94
1507-9791
Pojawia się w:
Polish Geological Institute Special Papers
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish coastal dunes : affecting factors and morphology
Autorzy:
Łabuz, T. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/294657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
Tematy:
dune coast
dune types
dune dynamics
factors impact
Polish Baltic Sea coast
Opis:
This article describe Polish coastal dunes and the factors influencing their development. The Polish coast is 500 km long and mainly exposed for a northerly direction. It is a part of the southern Baltic shore. The Polish coast is composed of mostly loose sand, till and peat. Because the coast hardiness is so weak, it is under constant threat from storm surges as well as human impact caused by rapid infrastructure development and the coastal protection measures put in place to try and protect it. These protection measures destabilize the natural coast dynamics and rebuilding process. Almost 85% of the shoreline is built up by sandy aeolian deposits and covered by different dune types. Among them are typical foredunes or inland dunes in eroded coastal areas. The second type of dune coasts are built up by land dunes, which appear on the coast as a result of sea erosion causing land regression. Sometimes dunes can be found over moraine deposits or in front of moraine old cliffs. Nowadays these habitats are heavily threatened by storm surges and human activity. In some places there is an accumulation that leads to new ridge developments. This article describes these issues with an emphasis on the present dynamics of Poland’s coastal areas.
Źródło:
Landform Analysis; 2013, 22; 33-59
1429-799X
Pojawia się w:
Landform Analysis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Specificity of Geotechnical Measurements and Practice of Polish Offshore Operations
Autorzy:
Łączyński, B.
Wróbel, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Offshore Operations
Geotechnical Measurement
Polish Baltic Coast
Lotos Petrobaltic
Offshore Technology
Offshore Market
Geotechnical Engineering
Oilfield Infrastructure
Opis:
As offshore market in Europe grows faster and faster, new sea areas are being managed and new ideas on how to use the sea potential are being developed. In North Sea, where offshore industry conducts intensive expansion since late 1960s, numerous wind farms, oil and gas platforms and pipelines have been put into operation following extensive research, including geotechnical measurement. Recently, a great number of similar projects is under development in Baltic Sea, inter alia in Polish EEZ, natural conditions of which vary from the North Sea significantly. In this paper, those differences are described together with some solutions to problems thereby arising.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2015, 9, 4; 579-584
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metody badań terenowych w analizie zmian ukształtowania akumulacyjnych odcinków wydm nadmorskich polskiego wybrzeża
The methods of field research in the analysis of accumulative foredunes development on the Polish coast
Autorzy:
Łabuz, T. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/294621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
Tematy:
wydmy przednie
morfodynamika
metody badań morfometrycznych
polskie wybrzeże Bałtyku
foredunes
morphodynamics
methods of morphometric research
Polish Baltic coast
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono metody badań zastosowanych do analizy zmian rzeźby wydm nadmorskich na akumulacyjnych odcinków polskiego wybrzeża. Badania realizowane były przy użyciu różnych technik geodezyjnych, m.in. z zastosowaniem stabilizowanych w podłożu reperów, niwelatora, teodolitu. W ostatnich latach korzystano z nowoczesnych urządzeń, działających w oparciu o satelitarną lokalizację badanych miejsc, takich jak dGPS RTK oraz RTK GPS. Prace realizowane były w różnych skalach przestrzennych: od pomiarów punktowych, liniowych do powierzchniowych. Celem podjętych badań morfometrycznych było przetestowanie różnych technik i urządzeń badawczych pod kątem ich użyteczności w określaniu dynamiki współczesnej rzeźby najmłodszych wydm nadmorskich. Przedstawiono ustalenia potrzebne do klasyfikacji form i wskazania kierunku rozwoju wybrzeży mierzejewo-wydmowych w warunkach zmian klimatu i presji człowieka. Praca prezentuje możliwości wykorzystania dostępnych technik do określania parametrów zmian niestabilnej rzeźby wydm nadmorskich w różnych skalach czasowo-przestrzennych. W pracy zawarto przykładowe wyniki dynamiki rzeźby wydm i charakterystycznych wskaźników ich zmian oraz wybrane możliwości prezentacji graficznej. Badania prowadzono w wybranych miejscach obejmując 20% długości całego polskiego wybrzeża.
The paper presents field research methods used to analyse relief changes of coastal dunes on the accumulative sections of the Polish coast. The research were carried out using a variety of surveying techniques, among others, using stabilized in the ground rods, leveler, theodolite. In recent years, the use of modern equipment, operating on the basis of satellite location, such as dGPS RTK and GPS RTK were used too. The work was carried out at different spatial scales, from the measurement point to line and the surface. The aim of this study was to test various morphometric techniques and research devices for their usefulness in determining the dynamics of contemporary relief of the youngest coastal dunes – foredunes. Paper also presents the findings needed to classify the relief forms and to indicate the direction of sand barrier and dunes development in conditions of climate change and human pressure. Work presents the possibilities of available techniques use, to characterise changes of unstable sand dunes in different time and space scales. This paper contains examples of the results on dune relief research dynamics and selected graphical presentation possibilities. Data from the realised studies are useful for different time scale comparison as vectors, volumes or 3D pictures. Those methods are clearly showing accumulation tendencies of some sections of the coast in different time and surface scale. The presented studies are covering almost 20% of dunes on the Polish coast.
Źródło:
Landform Analysis; 2015, 28; 45-60
1429-799X
Pojawia się w:
Landform Analysis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stratygrafia i litologia mineralnych osadów występujących w klifach środkowej części polskiego wybrzeża Bałtyku
Stratigraphy and lithology of minerogenic deposits in coastal cliffs, middle section of the Polish Baltic coast
Autorzy:
Olszak, I. J.
Florek, W.
Seul, C.
Majewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/294787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
Tematy:
klify
petrografia
stratygrafia
wiek osadów
polskie wybrzeże Bałtyku
cliffs
petrography
stratigraphy
age of sediments
Polish Baltic Sea coast
Opis:
Korzystając z dawnych i nowych opracowań geologicznych oraz własnych danych petrograficznych i stratygraficznych, autorzy przedstawili swoje poglądy na temat litologii i wieku osadów mineralnych budujących klify pomiędzy Jarosławcem a Dębiną. Najnowsze dane odbiegają od zakorzenionych w literaturze poglądów.
New views about lithology and age of deposits building coastal cliffs between Jarosławiec and Dębina, diverging from the models rooted in the literature, are presented by the authors. The revision is based on critical re-assessment of older and more recent geological reports and new results of petrological and stratigraphic research. The oldest glacial deposit exposed in cliff sections is grey till. Petrological data and TL dating results indicate clearly that it was deposited during the Świecie stadial. At Jarosławiec site, the till is enriched in Tertiary organic material and divided into two layers based on colour. However, petrology and TL age determinations do not differ between these layers. In the cliffs investigated, as well as in the other coastal cliffs in the eastern Pomorze region, older tills do not occur. Likewise, tills from the main stage of the last glaciation have not been recognized. The Świecie stadial till is overlain by outwash, glacilimnic and limnic deposits, the latter dated for the Grudziądz interstadial. Almost everywhere the near-surface layer is built of late Holocene aeolian sand with palaeosols.
Źródło:
Landform Analysis; 2008, 7; 113-118
1429-799X
Pojawia się w:
Landform Analysis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Morpholithodynamical changes of the beach and the nearshore zone under the impact of submerged breakwaters — a case study (Orłowo Cliff, the Southern Baltic)
Autorzy:
Kubowicz-Grajewska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49145.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
breakwater
beach
morpholithodynamics
Orlowo Cliff
Southern Baltic
Polish coast
nearshore zone
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2015, 57, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Distribution and the role of Macoma balthica (L.) in the Polish Baltic Sea coast
Rozmieszczenie i rola małża Macoma balthica (L.) w polskiej strefie przybrzeżnej Bałtyku
Autorzy:
Piesik, Z.
Kempter, J.
Wnuk-Glowedel, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/85021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Tematy:
distribution
Macoma balthica
clam
Baltic tellin zob.Baltic clam
Baltic clam
Polska
Baltic coast
Polish coastal zone
estuary
biomass
abundance
Źródło:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline; 2003, 06
1643-0115
Pojawia się w:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Distribution and the role of Cerastoderma glaucum (Poiret, 1789) in the Polish Baltic Sea coast
Rozmieszczenie i rola Cerastoderma glaucum (Poiret, 1789) w polskiej przybrzeżnej strefie Bałtyku
Autorzy:
Obolewski, K.
Konkel, M.
Strzelczak, A.
Piesik, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/84793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Tematy:
distribution
abundance
biomass
Cerastoderma glaucum
Polish coastal zone
Baltic coast
Baltic Sea
eutrophication
population density
bottom
environment condition
Opis:
A population of Cerastoderma glaucum Poiret 1789 was studied in the Polish coastal zone (up to 3 Nautical miles) of the Baltic Sea within the Puck Bay and part of the Gulf of Gdańsk. The frequency (F) in the sheltered coastal zone of bays was high (65%), whereas at the exposed open coast of the Middle Pomerania it was lower (43%). Also, abundance in the Puck Bay and the Gulf of Gdańsk was over 3-fold higher than in the coastal zone of the Middle Pomerania. By means of classic statistical methods (essential tests) we proved the significance of differences between mean abundance at west and east transects in estuaries and between open coast and estuaries. The multivariate regression and classification trees (MR&CT) indicated that biomass and abundance of C. glaucum in the Baltic Sea were affected by the kind of bottom, whereas depth and distance to the bank influenced cockles' abundance and biomass in bays. The population's structure in the Puck Bay and the Gulf of Gdańsk was determined mainly by the depth. In the Wieprza River estuary only specimens from age group 1+ were found. On all the other studied profiles cockles lived up to 3 or 4 years and the dominant group was 2+. The highest mean width of shell was in the Słupia River estuary, and in the bays shell width increased from west to east. In comparison to the other bivalves inhabiting the discussed area, C. glaucum does not play an important role as food source for fish and other consumers but may serve as an indicator of environmental conditions.
Badano populację małża sercówki bałtyckiej Cerastoderma glaucum (Poiret, 1789) w polskiej strefie przybrzeżnej Bałtyku (do 3 Mm), oraz w Zatoce Puckiej i Zatoczce Gdyńskiej (część Zatoki Gdańskiej). Frekwencja dla strefy przybrzeżnej zatok była wysoka i wynosiła średnio F = 65%, a dla strefy przybrzeżnej Wybrzeża Środkowego tylko F = 43%. W strefie przybrzeżnej Zatoki Puckiej i Gdyńskiej zagęszczenie Cerastoderma było ponad 3-krotnie wyższe w porównaniu do masy mokrej w strefie przybrzeżnej Wybrzeża Środkowego. Przy użyciu klasycznych metod statystycznych (testów istotności) wykazano różnice w średnim zagęszczeniu pomiędzy profilami wschodnimi i zachodnimi w estuariach oraz pomiędzy otwartym wybrzeżem a strefami estuariowymi. Zastosowana metoda MR&CT (drzewa regresyjne) dla danych z Morza Bałtyckiego wskazała, że na biomasę i zagęszczenie Cerastoderma wpływ ma jedynie granulacja podłoża, natomiast na obszarze zatok na zagęszczenie wpływa głębokość, a na biomasę odległość od brzegu. Struktura populacji Cerastoderma glaucum zasiedlającej Zatokę Pucka i Gdańską jest determinowana głównie przez głębokość. Najkrócej sercówki żyły w estuarium Wieprzy, gdzie występowały wyłącznie osobniki z grupy wiekowej 1+. Na pozostałych badanych pod tym względem profilach małże te dożywały wieku 3 i 4 lat, z dominującymi starszymi grupami wiekowymi, głównie 2+. Badania szerokości muszli wykazały, że średnia szerokość muszli badanych Cerastoderma na obszarze Wybrzeża Środkowego była największa w estuarium Słupi, natomiast na obszarze zatok zasadniczo wzrastała z zachodu na wschód. W porównaniu do innych gatunków małży zasiedlających badany obszar, Cerastoderma glaucum, ze względu na niewielką liczebność, nie odgrywa większej roli ekologicznej oraz nie tworzy bogatej bazy pokarmowej dla ryb i innych hydrobiontów, może natomiast posłużyć jako organizm wskaźnikowy niekorzystnych zmian zachodzących w środowisku.
Źródło:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline; 2007, 11
1643-0115
Pojawia się w:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of coastal upwelling on chlorophyll a concentration in the surface water along the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea
Autorzy:
Krezel, A.
Szymanek, L.
Kozlowski, L.
Szymelfenig, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49088.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
surface water
chlorophyll a
satellite remote sensing
concentration
coastal upwelling
Baltic Sea
Polish coast
Opis:
Space-time variations in chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations in the surface water of upwelling regions along the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea were analysed. Carried out between 1998 and 2002 in the warmer season (from April till October), the measurements were targeted mainly at the Hel upwelling. Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (AVHRR) and Chl a data (SeaWiFS) were used. Generally speaking, the Chl a concentration increased in the upwelling plume, except along the Hel Peninsula, where two scenarios took place: a reduction in Chl a concentration in spring and an increase in autumn.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2005, 47, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Grudzień ’70 w prasie Republiki Federalnej Niemiec. Relacje i analizy polityczne
December of 1970 in the West German Press: Accounts and Political Analysis
Autorzy:
Jasiński, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1157582.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Władysław Gomułka
Edward Gierek
public opinion
Polish-German relations
social protests
strikes
manifestations
the Baltic coast
Opis:
The purpose of the presented article is to indicate to what an extent and how the most opinion-forming dailies and weeklies in Germany reported events taking place on the Polish coast in December 1970. The workers’ revolt, which ended with a bloody suppression by the army and militia, took place only a week after the agreement between the People’s Republic of Poland and West Germany had been concluded. Analyzing this issue, research questions can be asked, both about the number and size of articles as well as their nature. Were they predominantly accounts of the course of events or were commentaries also popular? Was, and if so, to what an extent social unrest in the People’s Republic of Poland and the removal of Władysław Gomułka from power perceived as a threat to the just initiated process of rapprochement on the Warsaw–Bonn line? To what an extent did the publications in dailies and weeklies differ from each other? Finally, the question is whether the press appearing in the Federal Republic of Germany published information on reactions of the public of this country, acts of solidarity, or voices of condemnation addressed to the authorities in Warsaw? The study undertook a critical analysis of texts describing the events of December 1970, establishing the chronology of these events. This analysis was also comparative in nature, as the content of the articles was compared with the former researchers’ findings on the course of individual days of the December tragedy. No less important for this text was the linguistic analysis, aimed at indicating to what an extent reports and columns regarding the situation in Poland were emotionally loaded, and to what an extent they constituted substantive, emotionless political analyzes. The next research method used in the presented research was the quantitative method. Its application made it possible to determine the number of articles referring to events in Poland and to indicate specific days when they had appeared in individual dailies and weeklies. The results of the query and analysis of press articles indicate that, despite the information blockade, journalists managed to map, with a high degree of vagueness, the real course of workers’ protests, especially their causes and the actions of the authorities leading to the brutal suppression. From the point of view of the West German editors, reports obtained from journalists from Scandinavia who had managed to get to Szczecin and Słupsk played a significant role here. In this way, the descriptions of events from both cities quickly obscured the dramatic situation in Gdańsk and Gdynia, including the symbol of December 1970 – an episode related to the death of Zbyszek Godlewski (“Janek Wiśniewski”), which hardly appeared in the media in Germany. A separate research problem to which special attention should be paid are the numerous social and economic analyzes of the situation in Poland published in West German press in December 1970. They pointed to the economic premises as the main reasons for the outbreak of protests, while criticizing the policy of Gomułka, which had led Poland to the economic stagnation. A similar position was taken by the government of Chancellor Willy Brandt, who at first took an expectant attitude, and then, through the words of the government’s spokesman Conrad Ahlers, drew attention to the chronic economic problems of the so-called Eastern Bloc. Despite some anxiety, journalists calmly accepted events in Poland, especially the removal of Gomułka from power and him being replaced by Edward Gierek. It was anticipated that the new Polish leader would continue the policy of rapprochement with Germany, and more broadly with the West.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 3; 123-151
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic features of successive upwelling events in the Baltic Sea - a numerical case study
Autorzy:
Myrberg, K.
Andrejev, O.
Lehmann, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48404.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
Baltic Sea
Hel Peninsula
numerical modelling
coastal upwelling
thermal stratification
sea surface temperature
water column
Polish coast
Opis:
Coastal upwelling often reveals itself during the thermal stratification season as an abrupt sea surface temperature (SST) drop. Its intensity depends not only on the magnitude of an upwelling-favourable wind impulse but also on the temperature stratification of the water column during the initial stage of the event. When a ‘chain’ of upwelling events is taking place, one event may play a part in forming the initial stratification for the next one; consequently, SST may drop significantly even with a reduced wind impulse. Two upwelling events were simulated on the Polish coast in August 1996 using a three-dimensional, baroclinic prognostic model. The model results proved to be in good agreement with in situ observations and satellite data. Comparison of the simulated upwelling events show that the first one required a wind impulse of 28 000 kg m−1 s−1 to reach its mature, full form, whereas an impulse of only 7500 kg m−1 s−1 was sufficient to bring about a significant drop in SST at the end of the second event. In practical applications like operational modelling, the initial stratification conditions prior to an upwelling event should be described with care in order to be able to simulate the coming event with very good accuracy.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2010, 52, 1; 77-99
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 18

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