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    Tytuł:
    A method and a model for risk assessment of GNSS utilisation with a proof-of-principle demonstration for polar GNSS maritime applications
    Autorzy:
    Malić, E.
    Sikirica, N.
    Špoljar, D.
    Filjar, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201434.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    GNSS
    GNSS Positioning Performance Degradation
    assessment of risk
    lonospheric delay
    intelligent maritime traffic
    maritime applications
    polar region
    polar navigation
    Opis:
    The GNSS positioning performance is commonly defined and described in terms unspecified to particular GNSS-based application. The approach causes difficulties to GNSS application developers, operators, and users, rendering the impact assessment of GNSS performance on the GNSS application Quality of Service (QoS) particularly difficult. Here the Probability of Occurrence (PoO) Model is introduced, which allows for a risk assessment of the probability for the GNSS positioning accuracy failure to meet the requirements of the particular GNSS-based application. The proposed PoO Model development procedure requires a large set of position estimation errors observations, which shall cover a range of classes of positioning environment (space weather, troposphere, multi-path etc.) disturbances affecting GNSS positioning accuracy. As result, the PoO Model becomes a tool that returns the probability of failure in meeting the positioning accuracy requirements of the GNSS applications considered, thus providing the input for a GNSS deployment risk assessment. The proposed PoO Model and its development procedure are demonstrated in the case of polar region positioning environment, with raw GNSS pseudorange observations taken at the International GNSS Service (IGS) Network reference station Iqualuit, Canada are used for the PoO Model development. The PoO Model proof-of-principle is then used to estimate the probability of the unmet required positioning accuracy for a number of polar maritime navigation applications. Manuscript concludes with a discussion of the PoO Model benefits and shortcomings, a summary of contribution, and intentions for the future research.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 1; 43--50
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Principles of vessel route planning in Ice on the Northern Sea Route
    Autorzy:
    Pastusiak, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117236.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    ice navigation
    route planning
    vessel route planning
    Northern Sea Route (NSR)
    arctic area
    human factor
    Safety at Sea
    polar navigation
    Opis:
    A complex of ice cover characteristics and the season of the year were considered in relation to vessel route planning in ice-covered areas on the NSR. The criteria for navigation in ice - both year-round and seasonal were analyzed. The analysis of the experts knowledge, dissipated in the literature, allowed to identify some rules of route planning in ice-covered areas. The most important processes from the navigation point of view are the development and disintegration of ice, the formation and disintegration of fast ice and behavior of the ice massifs and polynyas. The optimal route is selected on basis of available analysis and forecast maps of ice conditions and ice class, draught and seaworthiness of the vessel. The boundary of the ice indicates areas accessible to vessels without ice class. Areas with a concentration of ice from 0 to 6/10 are used for navigation of vessels of different ice classes. Areas of concentration of ice from 7/10 up are eligible for navigation for icebreakers and vessels with a high ice class with the assistance of icebreakers. These rules were collected in the decision tree. Following such developed decision-making model the master of the vessel may take decision independently by accepting grading criteria of priorities resulting from his knowledge, experience and the circumstances of navigation. Formalized form of decision making model reduces risk of the "human factor" in the decision and thereby help improve the safety of maritime transport.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 4; 587-592
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Accuracy of Sea Ice Data from Remote Sensing Methods, its Impact on Safe Speed Determination and Planning of Voyage in Ice-Covered Areas
    Autorzy:
    Pastusiak, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116005.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Ice-Covered Area
    Sea Ice Data
    Remote Sensing Method
    Safe Speed Determination
    Route Planning
    Voyage Planning
    Ice Navigation
    Polar Navigation
    Opis:
    The data related to ice floe concentration and ice thickness were analysed. Sources of data have been verified by visual observation and by comparison in between information from different remote sensing sources. The results of this work exceeded initial expectations. The discrepancies of the information provided by various data sources result from the error of the measurement method, which can be as high as 15% of the concentration of ice floes. It should also be borne in mind that the more generalized information about the state of the ice cover, the lower probability of detection of ice floe patches of a high concentration and spatial extent. Each vessel that is planning voyage in ice should take into consideration inaccurate estimation of concentration and thickness of ice floes received by means of satellite remote sensing methods. The method of determining permissible speed of various ice class vessel in ice on basis of safe speed graph for the icebreaker was developed. A well-defined equation approximates relationship between speed of the icebreaker and the vessels of specified ice classes. Average distance of 24.1 Nm from sea ice extent line was related to all analysed lines representing 30-40% ice floe concentration (IUP product excluded) and 30.6 Nm for analysed lines representing 70-81-91% ice floe concentration. The maximal average distance of the furthest analysed line (IUP product excluded) was equal 37.2 Nm. The average standard deviation of that results was equal 8.3 Nm only. Average distances of analysed lines from sea ice extent line to maximal ice data values were found as follow: 8.4 Nm (23%) for NSIDC-CCAR ice age, 12.3 Nm (33%) for minimal distance of 30-40% ice concentration, 15.4 Nm (41%) for OSISAF ice type “ambiguous” zone from Open Water side, 25 Nm (67%) for minimal distance of 70-81-91% ice concentration, 26.6 Nm (72%) for OSISAF ice type “ambiguous” zone from 1st year ice age side, 35.9 Nm (97%) for maximal distance of 30-40% ice concentration and 36.3 Nm (98%) for maximal distance of 70-81-91% ice concentration data. In the parentheses placed relative distances from first ice data including IUP 40% concentration isolines. Sea ice extent of most of available data sources delineated the edge of “area to be avoided” for vessels of ice class lower than L1. Estimated average speed of L3 ice class vessel was from 3.3 knots till 5.2 knots at average speed 5.0 knots. For L1 ice class vessel estimated average speed was from 6.5 knots till 12.1 knots at average speed 9.7 knots. Relative standard deviation of averaged speed for both ice class vessels was equal 18%. The highest relative deviations were found up to 50% below the average speed value. The highest relative deviations upward were equal 22%. Above speeds for L3 and L1 ice class vessels corresponded well with average technical speed of “Norilsk SA-15” ULA class vessel equal 12,6 knots. The results of the work were not intended to be used for decision making on spot - “on-scene” - during direct guiding vessel in ice. They should be useful for initial voyage planning to allow decision-makers to identify the best freely available data sources for considered voyage and vessel of defined ice class; to understand advantages and limitations of available in the internet data sources; to estimate vessel’s maximal safe speed in encountered ice conditions, to estimate spatial distribution and correlations in between various levels of sea ice concentration and thickness. All above data allow estimate voyage time that is, in addition to fuel consumption, basic criterion of maritime transport economics.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 2; 229-248
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Maritime Situation Monitoring for Safe Navigation on Northern Sea Route
    Autorzy:
    Popovich, V.V.
    Smirnova, O.V.
    Popovich, T.V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116586.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Northern Sea Route
    maritime situation monitoring
    safe navigation
    safety at sea
    Arctic shelf
    Arctic area
    polar navigation
    geographic information system (GIS)
    Opis:
    Considering growing intensity of navigation on Northern Sea Route and of continuous exploration and development of Arctic shelf, problems of maritime situation monitoring in Arctic become particularly important. Firstly, complex operational informational support of activities in Arctic is needed. Secondly, constant access to actual and valid information about hydro-meteorological, navigational and ice situations is required. Solution of stated problems entails integration, processing and analysis of large amounts of heterogeneous data. Consequently, development of unified system for situation monitoring and intellectual support is essential. Such system allows to execute operational monitoring of dangerous situations of different sort (natural or anthropogenic) that influence safety of objects in Arctic region, and to perform intellectual analysis of such situations and prompt provision of suitable recommendations.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 3; 433-440
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Arctic shipping routes as alternative to the Suez Canal
    Autorzy:
    Pawelski, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202519.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    arctic maritime transport
    arctic shipping
    Arctic Sea routes
    Northern Sea Route navigation
    Northwest Passage navigation
    polar maritime transport
    Opis:
    The grounding of a 400-meter long container vessel, called Ever Given, in the Suez Canal blocked the busiest shipping lane, which is responsible for 12% of seaborne trade, for 6 days. Some shipping companies had to divert their vessels and they had to take a much longer route around Africa to reach European ports. The concerned shipping industry started to look for alternative sea route to the Suez Canal with lesser risk of blockage, without a need to go around Africa. Such routes, which connect the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, exist in the Arctic and the warming of the global climate makes them more accessible over time but the assessment of their viability requires a multifaceted analysis based on available professional navigational publications, scientific papers, and knowledge of polar shipping realities. Several nautical aspects are taken into account with the purpose of choosing a polar route that is most suitable as an alternative to the Suez Canal. Three routes are under consideration. One of them is the Northern Sea Route in the eastern part of the Arctic Ocean, along the coast of the Russian Federation. The second route is the Northwest Passage through the western part of the Arctic, passing waters belonging to Greenland, Canada, and the United States. The third one passes near the North Pole, a prospective route that may become available for commercial shipping in the future due to Arctic ice shrinkage, and it is known as the Transpolar Route. Analysis of these routes unambiguously point to the Northern Sea Route as the only viable option. Most prospective alternatives to the Suez Canal are technically feasible with the new generation of cargo vessels and they are experiencing a growth in maritime traffic together with a steady development of associated infrastructure. The existing simplified analyses of the transit costs, assuming strait passage in polar waters without any course deviation and the additional fuel that is burnt to overcome increased friction during passage in ice, shows that under present conditions that the Suez Canal Route is still cheaper than any polar transit and, moreover, offers year-round availability. It cannot be ruled out that the upcoming warming of the Arctic climate, and a lowering of the transit tariffs by the Russian Federation may tip the balance in favor of the Northern Sea Route. Presented here is an analysis of the competitiveness of the Arctic Routes in comparison to the Suez Canal from the perspective of the mariner.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2022, 70 (142); 41--51
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Operation of seagoing cruise ships in polar waters of the Antarctica
    Autorzy:
    Wolski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/198277.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
    Tematy:
    safety of navigation
    maritime tourism
    Polar Code
    Antarctica
    bezpieczeństwo nawigacji
    turystyka morska
    Kod Polarny
    Antarktyda
    Opis:
    As maritime tourism has been developing dynamically in recent years, including cruises into polar areas, the author attempts to identify factors essential for the safety of navigation in those sea areas, with a specific focus on the waters of the Antarctica. The presented methods of navigation take account of hazards that are typical in polar waters. All the considerations are based on the guidelines of the Polar Code.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2017, 96; 215-219
    0209-3324
    2450-1549
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kompas satelitarny jako kompas na rejony polarne
    Satellite compass as compass for polar regions
    Autorzy:
    Felski, A.
    Różański, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/222965.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
    Tematy:
    kompas satelitarny
    nawigacja morska
    rejony polarne
    Zatoka Gdańska
    satellite compass
    maritime navigation
    polar regions
    Bay of Gdańsk
    Opis:
    W ostatniej dekadzie coraz powszechniejsze zastosowanie znajdują tzw. kompasy satelitarne (specyficzna odmiana odbiorników nawigacji satelitarnej), które poza standardowymi dla odbiorników systemu GPS informacjami pozwalają wyznaczać kąty orientacji przestrzennej nosiciela. Atrakcyjność tych kompasów zdaje się wzrastać wraz ze wzrostem szerokości geograficznej akwenu, w przeciwieństwie do tradycyjnych rozwiązań magnetycznych i żyroskopowych, które w tych rejonach wykazują istotne niedoskonałości. W artykule opisano badania istotnych własności pomiarowych wybranych konstrukcji kompasów satelitarnych w rejonach polarnych obejmujących wody okalające Spitsbergen oraz na Zatoce Gdańskiej.
    For the last decade so called satellite compasses (special version of satellite navigation receivers) have been in more and more common use. Apart from standard GPS data they can also be used to determine special orientation angles of the carrier. The attraction of these compasses seems to be growing with the growth of geographical latitude of the water area in contrast to traditional magnetic and gyroscopic solutions, which display significant imperfections in these regions. The paper presents the results of significant measurement properties of some selected satellite compasses in polar regions including waters around Spitsbergen and the Bay of Gdańsk.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2013, R. 54 nr 3 (194), 3 (194); 129-146
    0860-889X
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reducing Risks of Arctic Operations with Ice Simulator
    Autorzy:
    Koponen, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117114.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Marine Simulator
    Reducing Risk
    Arctic Operations
    Ice Simulator
    Ice Navigation
    Full Mission Bridge Simulator (FMBS)
    Polar Waters
    Icebreaker
    Opis:
    During the process of development of the Full Mission Bridge Simulator, I have come in to a conclusion that an important part of a successful learning process is the ability to train with a high fidelity bridge simulator. The Polar areas are harsh environments and to survive there, one must have special training and experience. This surviving means that the polar ecosystem will survive from pollution and the vessels and their crew from the bad judgments or misconduct of vessel operators. The most cost-effective way to improve special skills needed in the Polar waters is to include bridge simulator training to the Deck Officers requirements. In this paper I will introduce a real life situation in which an icebreaker assisting a merchant vessel gets into a “close call” situation and how this was handled. Maritime industry hasn’t studied much about the influence simulator training has to the navigators. Here the maritime industry could learn from aviation and medical industry, since they have done some extensive scientific studies to prove the need for simulators.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2015, 9, 3; 385-390
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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