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Tytuł:
Canis lupus in the text? A wolf sacrifice in Xenophon’s Anabasis, 2.2.9
Autorzy:
Burliga, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/44775368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Religioznawcze
Tematy:
wolf
sacrifice
bloody rites
Greece
Persia
Anabasis
Opis:
The subject of this article is an enigmatic and thus highly intriguing passage in Book 2 of Xenophon's Anabasis, where the author succinctly describes an alliance between Greek mer[1]cenaries and the Persian commander Ariaeus. Both sides pledged under oath to help each other, not to use trickery or treachery. This military pact was preceded by an animal sacrifice, after which the Greeks dipped sword blades and the Persians spearheads in the blood poured on a shield. The domestic animals killed in this rite were a bull and a ram, while the wild ones were a boar and a wolf. However, in the last case there is a controversy: some medieval manuscripts of the Anabasis do not mention the predatory animal, whereas others do. In the paper I argue that MSS lesson with the noun 'wolf ', should be retained, which in turn prompts one to ask about the religious context in which wolf was might be killed in sacrifice and by whom.
Źródło:
Przegląd Religioznawczy; 2023, 2/288; 137-147
1230-4379
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Religioznawczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
What Is Europe? The Greek Beginnings
Autorzy:
Jaroszyński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507374.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-30
Wydawca:
International Étienne Gilson Society
Tematy:
Europe
Greece
Persia
culture
civilization
freedom
barbarian
Opis:
The article begins with the statement that there are three concepts of Europe historically significant. The first concept of Europe looms out in the context of the clash between the ancient Greeks and the Persians, the second one is induced by Christianity and Islam meeting head-on whereas the third concept results from the European civilization confronting the cultures of the newly discovered peoples inhabiting other continents. It is just in the context of the indicated clashes that the concept of Europe is shaped as a phenomenon diversified not only geographically but also in terms of civilization as regards other cultures or civilizations. The article then concerns with the concept of Europeanism which in the cultural sense was crystallized in Greece at the turn of the fifth and fourth centuries before Christ. It emerged on the background of the opposition between the Greeks and Asians as well as other peoples, which were referred to as barbarians by the Greeks. The article concludes that it was culture and freedom which constituted two arms of Europeanness shaped by the ancient Greeks.
Źródło:
Studia Gilsoniana; 2016, 5, 1; 205-215
2300-0066
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gilsoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Safawidzkie adaptacje chińskich talerzy typu kraak
Autorzy:
Macioszek, Amelia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
adaptation
imitation
kraak
porcelain
ceramics
Safavids
Persia
Opis:
Decorative motives known from the Chinese blue-and-white porcelain began to appear massively on Persian ceramics between the 14th and 17th century. Interestingly, the initial role of adaptations being a  substitute for an expensive original became something more – a source of inspiration for making new vessels decorated not only in cobalt blue but also in colorful slips. The article is dedicated to an analysis of Persian adaptations of Chinese kraak porcelain made during the Safavid period (1501-1732). Due to the fact that the process of adaptation was very complex and there is no 1:1 copy of a kraak dish in Iran, author in her research has to focus on comparing individual motifs instead of the whole vessels. She introduces new categorization of the adapted designs and divides them into 4 groups depending on how close they resemble the Chinese origi nals: in group 1 called literal adaptations the motifs are most similar to the originals; in group 2 named edited adaptations are those that have an element added or taken away; in group 3, altered adaptations, the designs undergo changes in style but still bear the basic characteristics of the originals; in group 4, free adaptations, are those that only resemble the Chinese ones.
Źródło:
Studia Azjatystyczne; 2015, 1; 77-100
2449-5433
Pojawia się w:
Studia Azjatystyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nation and Empire Building the Iranian Way. The Case of the Sasanian Empire in the 3rd Century
Autorzy:
SYVÄNNE, Ilkka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517529.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Iran
Persia
Sasanians
Parthians
Zoroastrianism
Religion
Rome
Military
Opis:
The article concentrates its attention on the practical aspects of the nation and empire building so that it: 1) Analyzes what methods, means and myths the founder Ardašīr I and his immediate successors used in the building of the Iranian nation and then the empire; 2) Provides an analysis of the importance of history and religion in the making of national myths so that the article analyzes how the Iranian leadership rewrote the past together with its religion for the purpose of uniting under their flag all those who spoke the Iranian dialects and/or practiced ancient Iranian religions, 3) Investigates what methods the Sasanians used to control the subjects; 4) Shows how the original set of falsified historical myths and the core set of religious beliefs were altered to meet the changing reality. 5) Asks whether the above provides any lessons for modernity.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2018, 7; 71-86
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przedstawienie irańskich końskich pancerzy w azerbejdżańskim romansie Varqa i Gulshah z początku 13 wieku. O sasanidzkiej? genezie elementu końskiego oporządzenia w okresie seldżuckim
Depiction of Iranian horse barding in the early 13th century Azerbaijanian epic, Romance of Varqa and Gulshah. On Sasanian origin of horse protection in the Seljuk period.
Autorzy:
Kubik, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517644.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Sassanian Persia
Iran
History
Archaeology
Late Antiquity
Relief
Opis:
The richly illustrated 13th century Seljuk manuscript Varqa and Gulshah from Azerbaijan provides a number of lavish miniatures, some depicting armored warriors riding horses covered with richly decorated caparisons. The illustrations show that the long caparisons were multi-layered, an indication that they were designed to provide offer some protection for the mounts. Despite the scholars’ opposing opinions, the author maintains that caparisons were well established in Islamic armies as attested by literary sources and iconography. Moreover, the existence of rich terminology concerning different types of horse armor clearly evidences the relative popularity of horse protection. Although the bardings had been were known in by various cultures for in the millennia before the Seljuks, however, the direct inspiration for the appearance of caparisons at that time should must be associated with the Sasanian tradition. Furthermore, the article discusses protective properties qualities of caparisons in which these were provided in a variety of fashions. Firstly, protection was provided could be afforded simply by padding consisting of using a number of textile layers. For instance, metallic armor such as maille or leather armor such as lamellar could have been were stitched into the padded or fabric barding. The – the former is attested in the Islamic world but can be traced back to earlier Iranian traditions.; The evidence for the latter type comes is evidenced from Firuzabad reliefs. However, scattered metal plates attached to the caparisons in random patterns, do not seem to have had any protective function; value they and were merely a the part of decoration. Post-Sasanian origin of Seljuk protective caparisons should be found well evidenced and most probable.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2014, 3; 61-71
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sasanian horse armor
Autorzy:
Skupniewicz, Patryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517641.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Archaeology
History
Iran
Late Antiquity
Relief army
Sassanian Persia
Opis:
The goal of the paper is to define general types and the evolution of horse armor employed by elite warriors of Sasanian Iran, basing on literary sources and iconographical evidence with minor reference to archaeological finds in wider Eurasian perspective. The horse armor was an important part of cavalry equipment already in the chariot warfare however its re-emergence in mounted combat occurred when heavy cavalry was developed. The article divides Sasanian horse armor into several groups: 1. One-piece body protection, which overall cover mounts body the way modern horse blankets do. Within the group one may find following subgroups: 1.a Caparisons – known from numerous works of art (rock reliefs illustrating scenes of mounted combat at Firusbad and Nakš e Rostam as well as the on so-called Shapur cameo currently held in Louvre) having long Near Eastern and Eurasian tradition. 1.b Scale barding – which in fact is a sort of caparison covered with metallic scales sewn onto textile horse blanket, testified by literary sources, known from archaeological evidence from Dura Europos (despite the fact that these examples belonged to Roman cavalry, it is clear that they were fashioned in Iranian manner). Scale bardings of the type are known also from the works of art like graffito from Dura Europos, Trajan’s column, sculpture of Khalchayan and late Parthian Tang e Sarvak frieze. 1.c Chain mail horse armor – lacking strong and direct evidence from Sasanian period, iconography which may depict horses protected with chain-mail is rather crude however despite hypothetical nature, this sort of horse armor is very likely employed in Sasanian warfare. 2. Bardings composed of multiple elements and fragmentary bardings covering a part of the mount. Again these this group can be divided into two sub-groups: 2.a Full lamellar/laminar barding – can be identified on the sculpture of Khalchayan and late Parthian frieze Tang e Sarvak as well as on the seals of Late Sasanian spahbedan. They find numerous Central Asian (Old Turkic) and Far Eastern refernces. 2.b Fragmentary barding, best known from Taq e Bostan sculpture of an equestrian figure but with Central Asian, Chinese and Byzantine references. Following phases of barding development in ancient and early mediaeval Iran can be determined: 1. Late Achaemenid when armored cavalry required some protection for horses after employing shock tactics and subsequent close combat. 2. Mid Parthian, influenced by invasions of the steppe dwellers initiated by Xiong Nu expansion. Developed locally later. 3. Late Sasanian – resulting from contacts with Turkic warriors who transmitted some Eastern military technologies to Iran and through Avar influence to Europe.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2014, 3; 35-59
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parthian Cataphract vs. the Roman Army 53 BC-AD 224
Autorzy:
SYVÄNNE, Ilkka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-08-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Parthia
Parthian military
cataphracts
Roman military
tactics
Iran
Persia
Opis:
This article provides a short overview of the Parthian military and it tactics, and what were the Roman responses to that and what were the Parthian countermeasures against the Roman methods from ca. 53 BC until AD 224. It also suggests that when the sources claim that the Parthian monarchs fielded massive numbers of cataphract cavalry that we should really accept what these sources state: namely that the entire Parthian cavalry force of Parthia proper was really encased in armour as cataphracts.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2017, 6; 33-54
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prorocze sny, Kserkses i atak Persji na Grecję
Autorzy:
Olbrycht, Marek Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/44893979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Religioznawcze
Tematy:
prophetic dreams
Persia
Xerxes
Herodotus
Persian priests (Magi)
Greece
Opis:
In the traditions of Ancient Western Asia, including Assyria and Babylonia (and perhaps Elam as well), dreams were treated as important points of reference for political decisions, and this was given expression in royal documents. Things were no different in the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Persian kings sought explanations from the priests called Magi about their dreams and extraordinary phenomena. Prophetic dreams concerning rulers appear repeatedly in Herodotus’ Histories. This pertains to the dreams of the Median king Astyages (Hdt. 1.107.1; 1.108.1); Cyrus the Great (Hdt. 1.209−210), and Kambyses (Hdt. 3.30; cf. 3.64.1; 3.65.2). Xerxes’ third dream (7.19), the last of a series of three dreams that prompted the Great King to attack Greece, belongs to this group. In the account of Xerxes’ preparations to invade Greece, persuasions to undertake the expedition from many quarters are depicted, but dreams play a key role (Hdt. 7.12−19). The speeches in the Persian council have all assumed that the invasion is a matter of choice for Xerxes. But the final decision to attack Greece comes from the dreams which are interpreted by the Magi. The visions mean that if Xerxes does not make his Greek campaign, he will be changing the nomoi of Persia, and thereby endangering his rule and empire. Abandoning the Greek campaign meant abandoning the nomoi of Persia. Herodotus takes advantage of the existence of the Magi to build his narrative, and places in the king’s dreams the threads and motifs (olive wreath) that put together the particulars of his story. The role of the Magi as interpreters of royal dreams can be considered a tenable element in the historical narrative of Herodotus. The Magi are found in Greek sources as priests, experts in rituals, seers and dream interpreters.
Źródło:
Przegląd Religioznawczy; 2023, 3/289; 67-73
1230-4379
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Religioznawczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływy orientalne na myśl polityczną starożytnej Grecji
Oriental influences on ancient Greek political thought
Autorzy:
Ceglarska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621815.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Grecja, Herodot, Persja, wolność polityczna, despotyzm.
Greece, Herodotus, Persia, political freedom, despotism.
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to present the influence of western culture on the political thought of ancient Greece. The first example presented is the world of Homer and the emerging differences between Greeks and Trojans. The work then turns to Herodotus, who clearly indicated the differences between the Greeks and the Persian-barbarians. The Greco- Persian conflict, described by Herodotus more universally as a conflict between East and West, is primarily a conflict of two different regimes. It clarifies the different values that guided the two sides, causing significant differences in the political sphere. The empha- sis, in the wake of Herodotus, is on conflict between the free poleis and eastern despotic monarchy. The paper shows how relations with eastern culture influenced the formation of internal political awareness and political thought in ancient Greece.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2016, 15, 2; 233-247
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Between ‘the me that leaves and the me that returns’: Gertrude Bell’s Persian Gateways and Walls
„Ja, która wyruszam a ja, która wracam” – perskie pasaże Gertrude Bell
Autorzy:
Szołtysek, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1198020.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Gertrude Bell
kolonializm
orientalizm
Persja
wiktoriańscy podróżnicy
colonialism
Orientalism
Persia
Victorian travellers
Opis:
Persian Pictures, Gertrude Bell’s first published collection, differs substantially from her later works; critics have accused it of sentimentality, lack of substance – a mere ‘folly’ incommensurable with Bell’s later writings. In the present article, I intend to advocate for Bell, though, proposing to see the supposed faults of Persian Pictures as the work’s greatest strengths which in fact reveal the author’s other, more lyrical and less ‘business-like’, side. With special emphasis placed on the concept of gateways and walls I will attempt to shed light on how, by traversing and/or transgressing borders of various types and putting herself to a series of identity-forming tests, Persian Pictures – to the contemporary reader – offer insight into the broader apparatus of British (and Western) colonialism.By linking each of the selected essays with one of John Frederick Lewis’s orientalist paintings, I hope to further strengthen my argument that aspects of Persian Pictures, originally seen as the work’s weaknesses, have the potential to actually enrich discussions of Western mis/representations of the Orient, without compromising its author, and should thus be approached as instances of powerful and vivid responses to the ‘shock of the new,’ as experienced by Gertrude Bell – and, in fact, many other travellers, male and female alike, who ventured into these realms.
Persian Pictures, pierwsze opublikowane dzieło Gertrude Bell, znacznie różni się od jej późniejszych prac. Krytycy zarzucali jej, że jest to kolekcja sentymentalnych anegdot, niewspółmiernych z jej dojrzalszą twórczością. W niniejszym artykule podejmę próbę „zrehabilitowania” Gertrude Bell, proponując uznać przywoływane wady tekstu za najmocniejsze strony zbioru, które pozwalają ujrzeć inną – młodszą, mniej doświadczoną – Bell, ale już wtedy oddaną „sprawie wschodniej”. Kładąc nacisk na kwestie przekraczania granic i transgresyjnych pasaży, przyjrzę się wybranym esejom z kolekcji Persian Pictures pod kątem ukazania ewolucji tożsamości Bell i rozwoju jej twórczości w kontekście szczytu brytyjskiej ekspansji kolonialnej na Bliskim Wschodzie. Dzięki porównaniu poszczególnych anegdot Bell z orientalistycznym malarstwem Johna Fredericka Lewisa, pragnę dowieść, że pewne aspekty Persian Pictures, pierwotnie uznawane za ich najsłabsze punkty, stanowią tak naprawdę o sile i świeżości wczesnego pisarstwa Bell i są asumptem do prowadzenia dyskusji na temat reprezentacji Orientu w twórczości zachodnich badaczy i artystów.
Źródło:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne; 2021, 27, 1; 69-85
1898-1593
2353-9844
Pojawia się w:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 27

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