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Tytuł:
Global perspective for protecting intellectual property – patenting in USA and Poland
Autorzy:
Grebski, M. E.
Wolniak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/409880.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
patents
patent
intellectual property
intellectual property law
innovations
Polish patents
US patents
Opis:
Paper addresses the different methods for protecting intellectual property in modern knowledge-based economies. The focus of the paper is a comparison between the procedures for applying for patents in Poland and the United States. The comparison has been made from the perspective of the cost of obtaining and maintaining a patent in Poland, the United States and some other countries. The comparison has also been made from the perspective of the procedures for applying for a patent in different countries based on the Patent Cooperation Treaty. The paper also includes a comparison of the time needed for processing the patent application. Low cost provisional twelve-month patent pending protection available in the United States is also being discussed. The paper also provides some guidance and recommendations for conducting a patent search in order to validate the originality of the invention.
Źródło:
Management Systems in Production Engineering; 2018, 2 (26); 106-111
2299-0461
Pojawia się w:
Management Systems in Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola e-informacji patentowej w zarządzaniu wiedzą przedsiębiorstwa
The Role of e-information about patents in company knowledge management
Autorzy:
Niklewicz-Pijaczyńska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425830.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
e-information
patents in company knowledge management
patents
Opis:
The use of the patent system as a knowledge management instrument must be shaped in a multifarious and comprehensive manner. It cannot be viewed solely as the ability to move smoothly through the welter of information gathered in the system. Instead, it is important to continually adapt the patent strategy to the current business model of the company. Getting the right information and the actual ability to use it is an important part of the management process and a condition for the success of a business. One of key entities mediating the diffusion of technological knowledge is the patent system. In order to optimize the use of its resources, modern IT solutions have been introduced, which are intended to facilitate and stimulate the process of obtaining data related to the inventive activity of economic entities and institutions. A free tool - Publication Server, increasing the potential of patent knowledge – is available through the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland (UPRP) website. The aim of the article is to present theoretical assumptions and practices of functioning of the patent e-information system. The author’s research is based on the quantitative and qualitative methods used in the bibliometric analysis, characteristic for patent statistics. The technical documentation of inventions submitted for protection by selected companies was used as a source of data collected in the resources of the Polish Patent Office. The research included invention submissions, omitting other industrial property rights, because inventions commonly identified as so-called radical innovations, are examples of progress determined by access to knowledge.
Źródło:
e-mentor. Czasopismo naukowe Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie; 2017, 2 (69); 42-47
1731-6758
1731-7428
Pojawia się w:
e-mentor. Czasopismo naukowe Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kontrowersje związane z moralnym uzasadnieniem ochrony patentowej w biotechnologii
Controversies over the Moral Justification for Patent Protection in Biotechnology
Autorzy:
Karbowski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
-
moral justification
patents
biotechnology
Opis:
The following paper presents and discusses controversies over the moral justification for patent protection in biotechnology. Special emphasis was put on the controversy over the moral justification for patent protection of stem cells. By referring to arguments of (i) human dignity and (ii) patentability criteria, the moral justifiability of patent protection of stem cells was put in serious doubt. In a further section of the paper, the moral problems linked to patent protection in biotechnology were shown in a broader political and economic view. In that section of the paper, the preliminary concept of solving some of the discussed problems was sketched out (i.e. the introduction of decision criteria based on the system of values shared by the members of a given society).
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Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2017, 20, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Controversies over the moral justification for patent protection in biotechnology
Autorzy:
Karbowski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
moral justification
patents
biotechnology
Opis:
This paper discusses the controversies over the moral justification for patent protection in biotechnology. Special emphasis has been put on the controversy over the moral justification for patent protection of stem cells. By referring to arguments for (1) human dignity and (2) patentability criteria, the moral justifiability of patent protection of stem cells is in serious doubt. A whole section of the paper is devoted to the moral issues linked to patent protection in biotechnology and their political and economic significance. An attempt is made to solve some of the discussed problems, i.e., the introduction of decision criteria based on the system of values shared by the members of a given society.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2018, 21, 5; 57-66
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Patents and Financial Performance of Firms - Evidence From Polish Manufacturing Companies
Autorzy:
Prędkiewicz, Katarzyna
Prędkiewicz, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/475181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę Cognitione
Tematy:
innovation
financial performance
economic slowdown
patents
Opis:
This article is a contribution to the discussion on innovation activity and its influence on financial performance of companies. The authors employ a simple measure of innovativeness, which was also used in other studies, and the division of companies into two groups (innovative and non-innovative) was based on the fact whether they obtained a patent (patents) or not. In this paper, we compare the rates of return and revenue growth achieved by innovative versus non-innovative companies operating in the manufacturing industry in Poland, in the years 2006 to 2012. Financial and qualitative data for testing the hypotheses were taken from the Amadeus database provided by Bureau van Dijk. The sample consisted of 4004 enterprises, of which 681 were owners of at least one patent. T-Student test, ANOVA and OSL models were used to verify the working assumptions. The study tests the following three research hypotheses. H1: “Innovative companies achieve higher rates of return than the non- innovative ones.” That hypothesis was confirmed in relation to the EBITDA margin and ROS (return on sale), but not to ROA (return on assets) and ROE (return on equity). The fact of belonging to a group of innovative companies had an impact on an average EBITDA margin increase by 0.83 p.p. in 2007, 0.78 p.p. in 2009 and 0.73 p.p. in 2012, ceteris paribus. The difference between ROE was found statistically insignificant in most analysed periods (except 2007 and 2009), however, non-innovative companies have achieved a higher return on equity than innovative companies. It can be associated with higher operational risk in innovative companies which restrict access to external capital, leading such companies to expand their businesses through their own equity. The second tested hypothesis is: “An innovative activity has higher impact on financial performance in medium-sized companies than in large and very large ones.” During the research, it was found out that having obtained a patent is important determinant of EBITDA margin for medium-sized companies, increasing it by 0.76 p.p., ceteris paribus. In large companies, it contributed to an increase of 0.71 p.p., and for very large ones – by only 0.19 p.p., with the slope for the latter group at a number other than zero found to be statistically insignificant. In relation to third tested hypothesis:” Innovative companies are more sensitive in terms of revenue dynamics to economic slowdown than the non-innovative ones.” it was found out that in the period of time from 2006 to 2012 the dynamics of revenue growth in innovative companies was generally higher than in the non-innovative ones, except in the year 2009, when all companies showed a significant decline in revenues, but for innovative companies, the decline amounted to 6.39%, and for the remaining ones it was found at 4.98%. Based on those findings it was confirmed that innovative companies are characterized by a greater sensitivity to economic slowdown.
Źródło:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation; 2014, 10, 4; 115-142
2299-7075
2299-7326
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
China’s technological transformation and the future of Sino-American competition
Autorzy:
Paszak, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531227.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
Tematy:
China,
United States
technology
patents
R&D
Opis:
This article aims to explore the significance of China’s technological transformation for the future of the Sino-American superpower competition. It examines determinants, motivations, strategies, and policies introduced by the Chinese authorities with an aim to close the technological distance to the most advanced economies. The author also attempts to assess policy initiatives and efforts made by China in relation to its main economic rivals, particularly the United States. The paper concludes that technological transformation remains at the forefront of China’s development strategy, and its successful implementation will be the key to achieving the superpower status and effectively address domestic and international challenges. The article concludes that China has made a significant progress in some specific areas such as R&D expenditure, Global Innovation Index, ICT industry or patents. However, contrary to the Party’s bold rhetoric, reliance on foreign technology, especially on imported advanced machinery and semiconductors, has remained.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Political Science; 2019, 5, 2; 87-116
2391-3991
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Political Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants of corporate R&D expenditures: the role of taxes
Autorzy:
Wasiluk, Dorota
Białek-Jaworska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1356376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-10-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
R&D
tax incentives
patents
Germany
France
Opis:
The paper aims to find the relationship between corporate expenditures on R&D and tax burdens comparing German with French R&D incentives. We use the OLS method for the financial and patent cross-sectional data retrieved from the Amadeus database. The results confirm that firms with higher tax spread (the difference between the nominal and effective tax rates) spend less on R&D. These are in line with findings of a positive relationship between corporate R&D investment and tax burdens. Thus, firms that invest in R&D more pay higher taxes. However, they are less profitable as the return on R&D investment is visible only in the long run. German corporate expenditures on R&D are significantly sensitive to internal funds (proxied by cash flow) and depend on debt, contrary to French. The results indicate that the French firm's age (a phase of life cycle) has a significant impact on spending on R&D compared to German. Whereas in both countries, corporate expenditures on R&D are sensitive to the number of obtained patents. The capability of reducing the level of tax burdens below the nominal tax rate in the case of older German firms stimulates them to increase their R&D expenditures. However, German firms can decrease tax due to the use of R&D grants (revenues without taxation) in the absence of other tax incentives related to R&D.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2020, 7, 54; 110 - 126
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Innovativeness - does the territorial typology matters?
Autorzy:
Krakowiak-Bal, A.
Burg, P.
Ziemiańczyk, U.
Trávníček, P.
Junga, P.
Vítěz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
innovations
patents
rural areas
Kruskal-Wallis test
Opis:
National and regional strategies and policies on innovation have been prioritized and innovation is now core to most EU funds and strategies. However, regions are not (should not be) alike in terms of innovation and innovation policy. The development strategies based on innovativeness ideas must include specific local conditions. Effective actions and efforts, to create good environment for innovativeness must bring tangible results. The aim of the paper is comparison of innovativeness on different regions types according to territorial typology: rural, intermediate and urban. The research questions are: Does innovativeness depends on regional typology: urban-rural? Do remote, less developed rural areas have also low achievements (poor performance) in this regard? Innovation output is measured using its hard result, which is number of patent application per capita. To examine group differences according to the innovativeness, the Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted. The test statistic showed, that there is no statistically significant difference between patent applications on different regions types. It has been found that the highest variable value in the whole sample has been calculated in rural group, for rural regions in Switzerland.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, IV/4; 1937-1945
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of foreign ownership on innovation
Autorzy:
Balsarı, Çağnur Kaytmaz
Varan, Seçil
Özkan, Serdar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522386.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Foreign ownership
Patents
R&D expenditures
Turkey
Opis:
Prior research provides evidence on the impact of ownership structures on corporate performance. One attribute of corporate performance is the technological achievement. Foreign ownership might have positive impact on technological achievement through increase in research and development (R&D) intensity or technology transfers. The aim of this study is analyze the impact of foreign ownership on both R&D intensity and technological achievement measured by patents and patent applications in a developing country context. When interpreted together, results suggest that technological achievement is mostly related to internationalization of the firm both through trade and ownership in addition to size and R&D intensity.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2015, 20A; 86-96
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transferability and Commercialization of Patent Rights: Economic and Practical Perspectives
Autorzy:
Levy, Haim V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/475038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę Cognitione
Tematy:
blocking patents
cross-licensing
exclusion right
intellectual property rights
innovation
knowledge
licensing
patents
patent pools
technology transfer
transferability
Opis:
The transformation of innovation into commercial value depends primarily on appropriate protection of the intellectual property, usually by patents, and efficient pathway(s) of its transferability as well as the transfer of the protected knowledge. The key features of patents, from an economic perspective, are that they encompass new knowledge and confer monopoly rights to the owner. The exclusiveness of patent rights is generally conceived as a necessary mechanism to ensure further innovation, stimulate advanced research and facilitate efficient market transactions with patent rights. The patent holder can transfer the technology embodied by way of granting to others a license to use the patented invention in return for a share of the revenues, usually royalties. Patent rights transferability has been proven to be efficient and profitable to the industry as well as beneficial to the welfare of society. The economic and practical perspectives of the transferability and commercialization of patent rights are discussed.
Źródło:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation; 2012, 8, 2; 44-59
2299-7075
2299-7326
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Information extraction from chemical patents
Autorzy:
Bergmann, S.
Romberg, M.
Klenner, A.
Zimmermann, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/305315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
information extraction
chemical patents
HPC
workflows
UNICORE
UIMA
Opis:
The development of new chemicals or pharmaceuticals is preceded by an indepth analysis of published patents in this field. This information retrieval is a costly and time inefficient step when done by a human reader, yet it is mandatory for potential success of an investment. The goal of the research project UIMA-HPC is to automate and hence speed-up the process of knowledge mining about patents. Multi-threaded analysis engines, developed according to UIMA (Unstructured Information Management Architecture) standards, process texts and images in thousands of documents in parallel. UNICORE (UNiform Interface to COmputing Resources) workflow control structures make it possible to dynamically allocate resources for every given task to gain best cpu-time/realtime ratios in an HPC environment.
Źródło:
Computer Science; 2012, 13 (2); 21-32
1508-2806
2300-7036
Pojawia się w:
Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Education and science as a soft power tool in Slovakia and V4 countries
Edukacja i nauka jako miękkie narzędzie w Słowacji i krajach V4
Autorzy:
Čajka, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620040.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
education
science
universities
patents
edukacja
nauka
uniwersytety
patenty
Opis:
Edukacja była już ważnym źródłem władzy i statusu w średniowieczu, w czasach pierwszych uniwersytetów. W dzisiejszych czasach edukacja, wraz z jakością i poziomem nauki, jest wykorzystywana jako środek promowania narodowych interesów za granicą, a także wywierania wpływu na lokalne elity, a czasem nawet na większą populację. Wysoki poziom edukacji wysokiej jakości jest jednym z czynników budujących relacje władzy międzypaństwowej. Rola edukacji w międzynarodowym prestiżu i pozycja krajów znacznie wzrosła w ostatnich latach, głównie z powodu poważnych zmian w światowej gospodarce i odpowiedniego przesunięcia wartości, które stały się ważne w procesach modernizacji społeczeństwa. Edukacja staje się zatem coraz ważniejsza, zwłaszcza wraz z rosnącym znaczeniem wiedzy w zglobalizowanym świecie. Edukacja staje się zatem coraz ważniejszym czynnikiem w stosunkach międzynarodowych i przekłada się na miękką siłę kraju.
Already in the Middle Ages, in times of the first universities, education was an important source of knowledge and social status. Nowadays, education, together with its quality and level of teaching, is used as a means of pursuing national interests abroad, as well as influencing local elites, and sometimes even a larger population. High level and good quality of education is one of factors contributing to the relationship between states. The role of education as regards international prestige and the position of individual states has risen in recent years chiefly due to major changes in the global economy and a corresponding shift of values, values which have become important for the modernization of societies. Thus, education has become increasingly important, especially due to the growing significance of knowledge in the globalized world. Education has become an increasingly important factor in international relations and it translates into the soft power of a state.
Źródło:
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne; 2019, 4; 131-148
1731-7517
Pojawia się w:
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bibliometric study of the cooperation in the engineering and scientific publications related to furniture design
Autorzy:
Sydor, Maciej
Kwapich, Agnieszka
Lira, Jarosław
Langová, Nadežda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201345.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
furniture design
patents
bibliometric analysis
Scopus
VOSviewer
Lens
Opis:
This paper provides an overview of scientific and patent publications in furniture design and their connections from 1972-2020. The scientific publications were searched in the Scopus database, while the number of patent documents available in The Lens database was an indicator of the innovations in furniture. 1,465 scientific publications and 2,880,188 patent documents were identified. The results show that: authors from China and the USA published the largest number of scientific works, authors from the USA are the most often cited, there are 15 outstanding institutions from which the authors of the largest number of analyzed articles come, i.a.: University of Zagreb (Croatia), Poznań University of Life Sciences (Poland), Central South University of Forestry & Technology (China), Wood Technology Institute (Poland), Delft University of Technology (Netherlands) and others. The analysis of co-authorship shows cooperation in four groups of countries: (1) Brazil-Netherlands-Portugal, (2) the United States and a wide group of cooperating countries, (3) China-UK-Japan, and (4) Croatia-Poland-Turkey. The annual number of scientific publications and patent documents are strongly correlated. The increase in the number of scientific publications is much more than the increase in the number of patent documents. The statistical Granger causality test does not predict the patent documents' annual number trend by the scientific publications time series. The results presented in this article may facilitate scientific cooperation in "furniture design" showing leading authors and institutions.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2022, 65, 209; Art. no. 1644-3985.389.05
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trends and characteristics of patenting activity in Poland in 1990-2018
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, Jakub
Tomaszewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1043919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-02-26
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
patents
Central and Eastern Europe
Polish Patent Office
innovations
Opis:
Patenting activity is broadly analysed in the literature at the micro, mezzo, and macroeconomic levels. Yet, not much attention regarding this issue is devoted to European countries in transition. The main aim of the study is a quantitative analysis of all patent applications filed with and grants issued by the Polish Patent Office throughout the period of 19902018 at the aggregate and regional level. We investigate trends and factors determining the patenting activity in Poland - the country at an advanced level of the economic and social transition. The empirical analysis leads to several findings. First of all, we identify changes in the field of patenting related to Poland's accession to the EU in 2004, which resulted in the increase of residents' patenting activity and decrease of that of non-residents (in terms of the number of filed applications and granted patents at a national and regional level). This holds for absolute numbers as well as for a per capita perspective. Additionally, we demonstrate that the increase in R&D expenditure is not followed by a proportional increase in patenting, as the patent-toR&D ratio is systematically shrinking. Finally, the study compares trends in patenting activity in Poland with those in different groups of countries, proving that the dynamic of change in Poland is much slower than could be expected.
Źródło:
Przegląd Statystyczny; 2020, 67, 3; 212-230
0033-2372
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Statystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przemiany w branży gier wideo z perspektywy praw własności intelektualnej
Changes in the video games industry from the perspective of intellectual property rights
Autorzy:
Klimczak, Mikołaj
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434689.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
video games
property rights
patents
contracts
opportunism
enterprises’ strategies
Opis:
Considerations contained in this paper apply to changes that are currently taking place in the video game industry. According to very conservative estimates, the revenue the video game market is expected to grow to 82 billion dollars by 2017. This makes that video game industry, hitherto little explored by economists, can be an interesting subject of study. The main emphasis of this paper has been placed on the analysis of the impact of changes in the perception of property rights, both absolute as well as relative. They affect the performance of many of those involved in the video game industry: producers (who create the relevant product), publishers (dealing with marketing, production and financing physical creation of the game), distributors (involved in the distribution of physical as well as digital), players and other businesses and people from the environment. The paper initially identified general problems that arise from changes in the perception of property rights. Firstly, monetary externalities in a situation of incomplete markets are not fully internalized by the market mechanism. Secondly, the real external effects mean that the markets side effects occur among third parties. Thirdly, feedback can occur between the first two problems, intensifying their activities. Fourthly, in a situation of relative property rights there can be observed the problem of precontractual opportunism, which may cause a breach of property rights during the preparation and negotiation of a contract. Fifthly, there can be observed postcontractual opportunism, which is the engine of breaches of contract after its agreement and conclusion. Next, the paper indicates manifestations of these problems that are taking place in the video game industry: the use of technology restricting the exchange in response to the intensification of piracy, the emergence of adverse selection on many levels (because the video game industry is a network of contracts) or the occurrence of the phenomenon of moral hazard. Next, in the paper there are determined the consequences of these problems which can be expected, and how in such a situation the entities engaged in business may react. One can expect, for example: searching for better protection against imitation and unauthorized copying, increased costs of producers and publishers, increased pressure on subcontractors, negative incentives for innovation, the development of technology security breaches, adverse selection and moral hazard on many levels. In the conclusion the series of phenomena are identified, both negative and positive, that occur or may occur in the video game industry. There might be a reduction in the incentives to invest and develop the industry, followed by an escalation of piracy, rising prices or reduced quality of the products. These effects definitely lead to a reduction in welfare. On the other hand, there are innovations leading to the development of the industry in the directions previously unexplore
Źródło:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu; 2013, 4 (25); 132-150
2080-5977
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 60

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