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Tytuł:
Grand Vizieral Reception Ceremonies of European Ambassadors in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century
Autorzy:
Cevrioğlu, Mahmut Halef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035965.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-19
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Ottoman diplomacy
grand vizier
audience
European-Ottoman relations
Opis:
Grand viziers acted as the utmost important figure in the Ottoman bureaucratic administration throughout the early modern era. Conducting relations with foreign countries and, hence, conforming to the rules of an established diplomatic practice in the process were among their duties. The present study, therefore, aims at highlighting the underrated procedure of grand vizierial audiences through selected cases from the first half of the seventeenth century. In this respect, dispatches and final reports of certain representatives of major European monarchs in Istanbul are brought to light along with complementary data from Ottoman fiscal records of the time. The reception of foreign diplomats by the grand vizier – which presents its own intricacies and follows its own set of rules – is hence laid under scrutiny to understand how a physical language of diplomacy was created. Accordingly, welcoming receptions by the grand viziers will be studied instead of focusing on the negotiation audiences between the grand viziers and the incoming embassies. Comparisons with the imperial audiences will also be useful both in underlining the differentiation of this physical language from the one employed in the audiences with the sultan and also in evaluating the diplomatic function of the grand vizier within the framework of Ottoman foreign relations. In this respect, the first receptions by the grand vizier were intended to welcome foreign embassies and played a crucial part in their diplomatic mission since the date for the sultanic audience was arranged herein. Moreover, exchange of gifts between the grand vizier and the emissaries, serving of refreshments and avoidance of any politically consequential issue during the meeting were the main elements of the grand vizierial receptions.
Źródło:
Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies; 2020, 4; 123-141
2545-1685
2545-1693
Pojawia się w:
Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Considerations on the acculturation process in the light of research on Macedonian emigration to the Principality and Kingdom of Bulgaria (a case study)
Autorzy:
Pandevska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32335696.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Macedonia
Principality/ Kingdom of Bulgaria
migrations
acculturation
Opis:
Theorists of migration attempt to establish certain basic frameworks for their classification and ranking, and nowadays, they also do so by introducing subcategories. However, the complexities still burden the precise delineation of all nuances of migration processes and their causes. This article, as a case study, is trying to make a small contribution to the vast topic of Balkan migrations. The focus is solely on the migration processes of the Macedonian population towards the territory of Bulgaria (in the 1870s and at the beginning of the 20th century) and their aftermath (acculturation). For this occasion, starting from the premise of „all refugees are migrants, but not every migrant is a refugee”, migrations are defined only using the following terms: 1) forced migrations with their product being refugees, and 2) continuous voluntary or so-called „quiet” migration processes. This article analyses an original document produced by a marginalised group in Bulgarian society: „ notes” written on the blank spaces of the history. In this case, the viewpoints of these author(s) clash with the mainstream immigration policy of Bulgaria. This document in itself is xenophobic towards all those who do not originate from Bulgaria. However, certain details it provides correspond to the ways in which so-called „quiet” migrations unfold.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2023, 30; 153-170
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Demokracja po turecku
Democracy in Turkish Style
Autorzy:
Chmielowska, Danuta
Sobczak, Mikołaj
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558031.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Ottoman Empire
Turkey
Democracy
Constitution
Opis:
The text is an attempt to present the democratization’s process of the Republic of Turkey. The Republic was proclaimed in 1923. In the introduction the authors recalled an earlier period, namely the second half of XIXth century, when in the Ottoman Empire had occured the ideas of constitutional order (1876). The Empire had been looking for ways and means to join the modern world following earlier examples of European monarchies.The next period- the fi rst half of XXth century – was marked by the Republic of Turkey.There are striking similarities between emerging the Republic of Turkey and the Second Polish Republic. The emergences not only took place at the same time but also had been driven by similar factors and processes. In the both cases countries were led by great personalities, who had not belonged to the core nations, which they headed to democracy. The both leaders had to face powers willing to destroy young democracies and unfriendly attitudes of the Western powers.They both also „miraculously” saved their countries when enemies’ troops were close to the capitals. After the World War II our ways to democracy were different. Today, however, we can see that the ways led in the same direction and theywere infl uenced by similar circumstances. Perhaps these circumstances have caused that the political developments in both countries are almost identical. 1. The both above mentioned leaders at the beginning of the last century made coup d’etat by military force. 2. In Poland, after WWII politicians had been under the supervision of „brotherly neighbor”. In Turkey the supervision was performed by the military. Perhaps it created longing for a new leader. 3. In both countries the roles of religion and its institutions were marginalized. Perhaps this stimulated desire for a chief motivated by the faith. Perhaps it is not a coincidence that both Poland and Turkey are looked upon by the West as countries leading in democratic transformations in their respective regions, which for obscure reasons have started to move towards an authoritarian rule. In both cases foreign observers talk about the lack of understanding of the essence of democracy, which is a consensus by the societies as well as by the ruling elites. In each state power is exercised by a single party of chieftain character and the permanent expansion of power at the expence of democratic institutions has been justified as the will of nation as a whole.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2016, 4; 205-232
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Concept of the millet in Turkish dictionaries: Its alteration and the impact on Ottoman Macedonia
Autorzy:
Pandevska, Maria
Mitrova, Makedonka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/910150.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-26
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
słowniki tureckie
glosariusze tureckie
Imperium Osmańskie
millet
naród
osmańskie Bałkany
osmańska Macedonia
Ottoman Empire
nation
Ottoman Balkan
Ottoman Macedonia
Turkish dictionaries/glossaries
Opis:
In the 19th century the dictionaries/glossaries represent the first brace which connected different cultures and languages, thus also linking the Orient with the Occident and vice versa. In this context the research is focused on the Turkish dictionaries/glossaries, which for a long time actually represented one of the basic media of transmitting the new Western ideas in the East, and in our case, in the Ottoman Empire. Through the short comparative analyses of these dictionaries/glossaries and their authors (from the 19th century and early 20th century) we follow the change of the cognitive concept of the term millet with the term nation. The case study is focused on Ottoman Macedonia and on the political implications caused by this change of the meaning of the Ottoman term millet.
Znaczenie pojęcia millet w słownikach tureckich: jego zmiana i wpływ na  osmańską Macedonię W XIX wieku słowniki/glosariusze stanowiły pierwszą klamrę, która łączyła różne kultury i języki, łącząc w ten sposób także Orient z Zachodem i vice versa. W tym kontekście badania koncentrują się na tureckich słownikach / glosariuszach, które przez długi czas faktycznie stanowiły jeden z podstawowych środków przekazu nowych zachodnich idei na Wschodzie, a w naszym przypadku w Imperium Osmańskim. Poprzez krótkie analizy porównawcze tych słowników/glosariuszy i ich autorów (z XIX i początku XX wieku) śledzimy przemiany koncepcji znaczeniowej pojęcia millet w kierunku pojęcia naród. Studium przypadku koncentruje się na osmańskiej Macedonii i politycznych implikacjach spowodowanych tą zmianą znaczenia osmańskiego terminu millet. 
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2019, 26, 1; 171-192
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studia Ananiasza Zajączkowskiego nad staroosmańskim tłumaczeniem <i>Kalili i Dimny</i>
Ananiasz Zajączkowski’s Research on an Old Ottoman Translation of <i>Kalilah and Dimnah</i>
Autorzy:
Jaromszko, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Związek Karaimów Polskich. Karaimska Oficyna Wydawnicza Bitik
Tematy:
Ananiasz Zajączkowski
Kalilah and Dimnah
Panchatrantra
Old Ottoman
Old Anatolian
translation movements
Ottoman studies
Opis:
„Staroosmański przekład Kalili i Dimny ma znaczenie nie tylko jako zabytek językowy, ale także jako zabytek literacki. Nie może on być żadną miarą obojętny dla badaczy samego zbioru bajek Bidpaja i jego filjacyj. Jest to bowiem najstarsze znane nam tłumaczenie tureckie tej księgi […] – pisze Ananiasz Zajączkowski we wstępie do edycji staroanatolijskiego przekładu Kalili i Dimny. Egzemplarz został sporządzony z rozkazu Umūr Bega (ok. 1309-1347) z dynastii Aydın Oğulları, władającej terenami w okolicach dzisiejszego İzmiru, Aydın i Denizli. Zajączkowski szacuje, że manuskrypt musiał być sporządzony między rokiem 1309 (narodzinami Umūr Bega) a 1334 (śmierć ojca Umūra, Muḥammada). Zgodnie z tym możliwe jest utożsamienie autora przekładu Kalili i Dimny, Mesˁūda, z autorem perskiego tłumaczenia Süheyl-ü-Nevbahar o tym samym imieniu Takiemu utożsamieniu sprzeciwiają się kategorycznie tureccy uczeni Mehmed Fuad Köprülüzâde i Rif’at Kilisli. Zajączkowski obala argumenty uczonych, posiłkując się nie tylko konkretnymi przykładami z obu tekstów i ich relacjami intertekstualnymi, ale także statystyką nietypowych form leksykalnych. W artykule postaram się rozwinąć jego myśl, a także przedstawić zasługi, jakie w kwestii badań nad owym zabytkiem literackim można przypisać Zajączkowskiemu.
“The translation of Kalilah and Dimnah into Old Ottoman is important not only as a linguistic artefact, but also as a literary one. It can by no means be regarded as insignificant to those researching the collection of Bidpai’s fairy tales and its descendants. For it is the oldest known Turkish translation of this book […]” – writes Ananiasz Zajączkowski in his introduction to the Old Anatolian translation of Kalilah and Dimnah. The copy was drawn up at the behest of Umur Beg (circa 1309–1347) from the Aydın Oğullari dynasty, which ruled over the land of today’s İzmir, Aydın and Denizli. Zajączkowski estimates that the original text was written between 1309 (the year of the birth of Umur Beg) and 1334 (when Umur’s father, Muhammad, died). Accordingly, the translator of Kalilah and Dimnah, Mes’ud, may be regarded as the same Mes’ud who translated Süheyl-ü-Nevbahar. Two Turkish scholars, Mehmed Fuad Köprülüzade and Rif’at Kilisli, oppose this hypothesis. Zajączkowski refutes their arguments not only by using a number of specific examples from both texts and taking into consideration their inter-textual relationship, but also by drawing up statistics of rare lexical forms. In this paper I will try to develop Zajączkowski’s thought and present his contribution to the research on this literary artefact.
„Staroosmański przekład Kalili i Dimny ma znaczenie nie tylko jako zabytek językowy, ale także jako zabytek literacki. Nie może on być żadną miarą obojętny dla badaczy samego zbioru bajek Bidpaja i jego filjacyj. Jest to bowiem najstarsze znane nam tłumaczenie tureckie tej księgi […] – pisze Ananiasz Zajączkowski we wstępie do edycji staroanatolijskiego przekładu Kalili i Dimny. Egzemplarz został sporządzony z rozkazu Umūr Bega (ok. 1309-1347) z dynastii Aydın Oğulları, władającej terenami w okolicach dzisiejszego İzmiru, Aydın i Denizli. Zajączkowski szacuje, że manuskrypt musiał być sporządzony między rokiem 1309 (narodzinami Umūr Bega) a 1334 (śmierć ojca Umūra, Muḥammada). Zgodnie z tym możliwe jest utożsamienie autora przekładu Kalili i Dimny, Mesˁūda, z autorem perskiego tłumaczenia Süheyl-ü-Nevbahar o tym samym imieniu Takiemu utożsamieniu sprzeciwiają się kategorycznie tureccy uczeni Mehmed Fuad Köprülüzâde i Rif’at Kilisli. Zajączkowski obala argumenty uczonych, posiłkując się nie tylko konkretnymi przykładami z obu tekstów i ich relacjami intertekstualnymi, ale także statystyką nietypowych form leksykalnych. W artykule postaram się rozwinąć jego myśl, a także przedstawić zasługi, jakie w kwestii badań nad owym zabytkiem literackim można przypisać Zajączkowskiemu.
Źródło:
Almanach Karaimski; 2014, 3; 59-64
2300-8164
Pojawia się w:
Almanach Karaimski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Byzantine spirit of the Undead and its legacy in the Sick Man of Europe
Autorzy:
Tešan, Jesenko
Davison, Joan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450259.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
Byzantine
Ottoman
liminality
demos
millets
Opis:
This paper examines the source and consequences of permanent liminality in the political-legal administration of the Byzantine Empire. The paper argues ambiguous and incomplete identities of individuals, groups, and society associated with certain authoritarian political arrangements and consequent arrested liminal period(s) contributed to the decline of the Empire. Further, and significantly, the unresolved situation of disaggregated identity, or spirited away demos, persisted in the Ottoman Era and continues to infect contemporary socio-political affairs in regions in the Balkans and other countries of the former Soviet Union which now seek to balance the interests of a nation-state with the diversity of Europe. The paper does not consider the Orthodox Spirit, but rather analyzes the role of pseudo-intellectuals and sophists who derail the democratic and philosophical Hellenist traditions with authoritarian policies and tools. The research compares and links the institutional attempts of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires to manage and manipulate differences and distinctions through mechanisms such as theatricalization and the millets. The argument concludes that these strategies created the basis for the perpetualization of the sick man of Europe to the extent they focused on juggling the distinctions and identities of the empires rather than pursuing the development of the democratic self. Thus, in liminality is revealed and contained undead and viral authoritarian spirits, sometimes manifested in populist or extremist ethnic leaders, whose technologies trick the demos and disrupt the democratic imagination.
Źródło:
Przegląd Narodowościowy – Review of Nationalities; 2018, 8; 21-38
2084-848X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Narodowościowy – Review of Nationalities
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Historical Background and the Present State of Turkish-French Relations
Tło historyczne i stan obecny stosunków turecko-francuskich
Autorzy:
Aslan, Davut Han
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440081.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
Turkey
France
genocide
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman capitulations
Turcja
Francja
ludobójstwo
Imperium Osmańskie
kapitulacje osmańskie
Opis:
The initial traces of mutual relations between Paris and Ankara date back to the 16th century. During the Ottoman Empire, bilateral relations between the Empires flourished in terms of economic relations where France enjoyed capitulations. The French-Turkish relations encompass both alliances and wars. Currently there exist serious dissidences in terms of democracy, human rights and freedom issues. Apart from that Paris’s opposition of Turkey’s future full European Union membership blocking five chapters and accepting genocide claims against the so-called Armenian genocide, Turkey’s Kurdish question constitute a huge obstacle for the future development of French-Turkish relations.
Pierwsze ślady wzajemnych stosunków między Paryżem i Ankarą prowadzą do XVI wieku. W czasach Imperium Osmańskiego stosunki dwustronne między imperiami kwitły w sensie stosunków gospodarczych, gdy Francja korzystała z kapitulacji osmańskich. Stosunki francusko-tureckie obejmują zarówno alianse, jak i wojny. Obecnie istnieją poważne rozbieżności, jeżeli chodzi o kwestie demokracji, praw człowieka i swobód. Poza tym sprzeciw Paryża wobec przyszłego pełnego członkostwa Turcji w Unii Europejskiej, blokujący pięć rozdziałów [Traktatu] i akceptujący uznanie kwestii tzw. ludobójstwa Ormian, kwestia Kurdów tureckich, stanowią ogromną przeszkodę dla przyszłego rozwoju stosunków francusko-tureckich.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula; 2014, 3(41); 122-135
2084-4689
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vormeninskische Ergänzungen zu Stanisław Stachowskis “Beiträge zur Geschichte der griechischen Lehnwörter im Osmanisch-Türkischen”
Pre-Meninski addenda to Stanisław Stachowski’s “Beiträge zur Geschichte der griechischen Lehnwörter im Osmanisch-Türkischen”
Autorzy:
Rocchi, Luciano
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
etymology
Ottoman Turkish
Greek
borrowing
Transkriptionstexte
Opis:
Stanisław Stachowski’s “Beiträge zur Geschichte der griechischen Lehnwörter im Osmanisch-Türkischen”, published in Folia Orientalia 13 (1971 [1972]), 267-298, started a long series of historicallexicographical studies which the great Polish scholar devoted to foreign elements found in the Turkish Transkriptionstexte. Since then a number of scientific editions of these texts have however come out, particularly, in recent years, Filippo Argenti’s (1533), Pietro Ferraguto’s (1611) and Arcangelo Carradori’s (1650) very important handwritten lexicographical works, which had been but little or not at all known so far. As the aforementioned as well as other publications provide much material on the European loanwords in Ottoman-Turkish, which are mostly Graecisms, this paper aims to supplement Stachowski’s work both by adding data to original entries and presenting new words of Greek origin. It has to be pointed out that all the material comes from Transkriptionstexte dating from before Meninski’s Thesaurus (1680).
Źródło:
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia; 2013, 18, 3; 111-145
1427-8219
Pojawia się w:
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Próby reformowania Imperium Osmańskiego przez Ruch Młodoosmański
Attempts to Reform the Ottoman Empire by the Young Ottomans
Autorzy:
Olszowska, Karolina Wanda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/577987.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-14
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Orientalistyczne
Tematy:
Ottoman Empire
Midhad Pasha
Abdul Hamid II
Ottoman constitution of 1876
Young Ottomans
First Constitutional Era
Opis:
In the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire was on the verge of collapse. This country needed drastic reform. Those who decided to save the ‘Colossus with feet of clay’ were the Young Ottomans headed by Midhad Pasha. During the reign of Abdul Hamid II the first Constitution in the history of the Ottoman Empire was introduced. The document was in force for only two years (1876–1878) and this period is sometimes called the first constitutional monarchy (Birinci Meşrutiyet). The reforms that had been introduced postponed the collapse of this country on the Bosporus. The constitution equated the laws of the believers of various religions and introduced civil liberties, but the position of the sultan was still superior. Most of the provisions simply remained on paper and the sultan dissolved the parliament soon after.
Źródło:
Przegląd Orientalistyczny; 2017, 3-4 (263-264); 323-341
0033-2283
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obraz Turka jako muzułmańskiego fanatyka i najeźdźcy. Elementy dehumanizacji stereotypu
Image of Turk as a Muslim Fanatic and Invader. Elements of Dehumanization Related to Stereotype
Autorzy:
Fijołek, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489327.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
dehumanization,
Turks,
Bulgaria,
Ottoman Empire,
legacy, stereotype
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to outline the dehumanization related to the stereotype of Turks, which has existed in the Bulgarian culture for centuries. As Nick Haslam says: “subtle forms of dehumanization are also apparent in everyday social perception, including so-called hate speech”. Turks, being a large ethnic group living in Bulgaria, are still perceived with mistrust as a result of the Ottoman Empire’s legacy and religious diversity. The literature and folklore have impacted this stereotype more than other factors. As a result, the Bulgarian society has adopted an outdated perception of this minority.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2017, 7; 70-81
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Likwidacja modelu osmańskiego w Bośni po 1995 roku a kryzys państwa
Autorzy:
Falski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosniaks
Bosnians
Ottoman Empire
Opis:
Abolition of the Ottoman model in Bosnia after the 1995 and the crisis of the stateIn this paper is analyzed the dis/continuity of the Ottoman tradition in Bosnia, treated not in the ethnographical or superficial perspective, but in its deeper, cultural and social aspect. The so-called Ottoman model, continued in Austro-Hungarian and Yugoslav period, was characterized by multiplicity of social actors and the lack of the obsession of national territory. The boundaries of an autonomous territory (i.e. Bosnia under Ottoman, or Habsburg and Yugoslav rule) delimitated the sphere of shared practices, and its condition depended on relations between different ethnical agents. After the 1995 predominates the tendency toward territorial and national homogenization which leads to division, and liquidation of the Bosnian state. Nonetheless, the Ottoman model is described here as ambiguous, for its inability to shape the public sphere as a space of civic subjects, not only communities. A lack of the positive idea of the state, and the lack of any legitimization of the power other than nationalism, are seen as the major sources of political and social instability in Bosnia.
Źródło:
Slavia Meridionalis; 2011, 11
1233-6173
2392-2400
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Meridionalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Muzyka klasyczna w Imperium Osmańskim
European Classical Music in the Ottoman Empire
Autorzy:
Pawlina, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/578010.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Orientalistyczne
Tematy:
music
Ottoman music
Turkish music
westernization (Turkey)
Opis:
This paper aims to present a historical overview of the westernization process in music culture of the Ottoman Empire. Contrary to what is generally believed, the transformation of Ottoman music from the monophonic system based on melodic and rhythmic patterns (makams and usuls) to the European polyphony was not the idea of the newly formed Turkish state of the early 20th century. In the beginning of the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire faced decline. Under the threat of European domination, remaining sultans tried to balance the level of development in science and technology between the West and their own country by great reforms. In the 19th century, for the Ottoman court the adaptation of the western music system was a symbol of acculturation and modernization. In the last decades of the Ottoman Empire, with the help of European musicans and theoreticians, the first institutions of western style music education were established. Thus, surprisingly, music culture seems to be a shared heritage of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey.
Źródło:
Przegląd Orientalistyczny; 2014, 1-2; 61-76
0033-2283
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jewish Conversion to Protestantism in the Ottoman Empire in the Communities of Istanbul and Izmir Until 1856
Autorzy:
Bornstein-Makovetsky, Leah
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833878.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-22
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Jews
conversion
Protestantism
Ottoman Empire
Istanbul
Izmir
Opis:
This article is devoted to a comprehensive discussion of Jews’ conversion to Protestantism in the Ottoman Empire in the cities of Istanbul and Izmir, during the decade before the Hatt-i-Șerif of Gülhane, the first Tanzimat decree in 1839, until the Hatti hümayun decree of 18 February 1856. It also considers the attitudes of the Ottoman authorities and the Jewish communities toward this phenomenon, as well as the extent to which three missionary societies, the London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews, the American Board of the Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), and the Free church of Scotland mission, succeeded in prevailing upon Jews to give up their faith. The missionaries worked with the millenarian anticipations and looked forward to intensive activity which would result in the conversion of the Jewish masses. To achieve their objectives they relied on evangelical, educational and philanthropic activities, and on medical missions. The article discusses the motives and the social and economic status of converts to Christianity and those given Christian religious instruction, and describes the communities’ steps taken against Jewish conversion to Christianity in the 1820-50s. The article concludes that all three missionary societies that operated in the Ottoman Empire acknowledged the fact of their failure to achieve the goal of converting the Jewish masses, and took solace in those dozens who were converted through their efforts.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2019, 18, 2; 7-36
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Evolution of the Socio-political Situation of the Republic of Türkiye in the 20th Century - Efforts Towards the Europeanisation of the Society and State
Autorzy:
Chmielowska, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Democracy
Kemal Ataturk
Türkiye
Turkey
Ottoman Empire
Opis:
The events related to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the proclamation of the Republic of Türkiye contributed to a complete departure from the system of constitutional monarchy in favour of a parliamentary democracy. Owing to the decisions on Europeanisation and implemented reforms, i.e., adopting a Civil Code based on the Swiss code, a Criminal Code reflecting the Italian code, a Commercial Code underpinned by the German code (1924), and the transition to the Latin alphabet which replaced Arabic (1928), as well as education reforms (1925), women's suffrage (1934), and the introduction of surnames (1935), etc. the Turkish people became a European society, aware of their rights and obligations. The transition from a singleparty regime to a multi-party period (1946) allowed for democracy to be consolidated. Türkiye's participation in strictly European and international political and military organisations was of vital significance and turned the country into an extremely important state. Its failed efforts to join the EEC, and, subsequently, the European Union, resulted in Türkiye abandoning its interest in this form of cooperation (1997). The socio-political transformations that took place in the 20th century, highlighted in this article, characterise this dynamically changing period. The evolution of the views of Turkish society was clearly marked in the second half of the 20th century, which led to serious changes in the mindsets of the Turkish people and completely altered the image of the country post-2002, allowing the newly established Justice and Development Party to assume power (2002).
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 3; 7-29
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Government land policies in occupied enemy territory: the case of British rule in Ottoman Palestine, 1917–1920
Autorzy:
Bunton, Martin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20312181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
Palestine
Occupation policy
Ottoman Empire
Postimperial administration
transition
Opis:
In the chaotic situation following the British invasion of southern Palestine at the end of 1917, military officials faced several countervailing pressures. In addition to ongoing military priorities (including international norms pertaining to military occupations, such as the law of the ‘status quo’), pressing humanitarian concerns, and even the personal religious sentiments of individual officers, the British occupation administration was forced to take into account international pressures and interventions resulting from the overlapping and conflicting promises made during the war (inter alia, Sykes‑Picot agreement, Husayn‑McMahon correspondence, Balfour Declaration, and President Wilson’s 14 Points). This paper focuses on the land policy‑making process as a case study with which to weigh the various factors pressing upon the military occupation as it evolved during its first three years. Land ownership was a huge concern: a properly functioning land registry was seen as key to the improvement of economic and social conditions in the largely agricultural economy, and British interventions were followed closely by all interested parties. The land has also been at the centre of the ensuing century‑long conflict between Arabs and Jews. Thus, a close examination of land policies (and especially the 1920 land ordinance) offers an extremely important window on both the rule of law in the aftermath of the war and our understanding of the current, unending conflict in the land.
Źródło:
Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2022, 52; 227-246
0073-277X
Pojawia się w:
Historyka studia metodologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chrześcijańskie małżonki sułtanów tureckich. Małżeństwa polityczne w Imperium Osmańskim XIV i XV wieku
Christian wives of the Turkish sultans. Political marriages in the Ottoman Empire 14th and 15th century
Autorzy:
Czamańska, Ilona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Ottoman empire
sultan
Balkans
Imperium Osmańskie
sułtan
Bałkany
Opis:
During the formation of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman rulers, similarly to the European rulers pursued a policy of the matrimonial contract, when entering into political marriages with the daughters of the Christian rulers. Christian wives were not forced to convert to Islam. Their status was clearly defined by a marriage settlement signed by the parents or brothers of a future husband. This contract provided females with the right to retain their religion, their means of sustenance to maintain their homes and mansions, as well as high status. Initially, these marriages and the related family relationships were treated very seriously, and one should not consider them to be only a manifestation of vassalization, they usually brought mutual political benefits. With time, with growing disproportions in the military capabilities of the Ottoman Empire and the Christian states in the Balkans, they became a part of political pressure. This did not mean, though, a departure from the principles of marriage contracts. The abolition of the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan countries caused a withdrawal from the policy of the sultans’ marriage contracts with Christian females, and later, a complete resignation from marriage settlements. After the conquest of the Balkans and Asia Minor, they lost their purpose.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2013, 20, 1; 47-63
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Siekierka z brązu ze starszej epoki brązu z Miejsca Piastowego, pow. krośnieński
The bronze axe of the Older Bronze Age from Miejsce Piastowe, Krosno district
Autorzy:
Pasterkiewicz, Wojciech
Dziedzic, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567565.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
bronze axe
Ottoman-Füzesabony culture
Jasło-Krosno Basin
Opis:
In the spring of 2018, one of the inhabitants of Krosno reported to the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Rzeszów the discovery of a bronze axe in the area of Miejsce Piastowe, Krosno district, near the Winna Mountain (height 342, 6 m a.s.l.). The item was uncovered in poor condition: the central part of the axe and the butt were broken, only a part of the cutting edge was preserved, 4.5 cm long. Metallurgical studies were carried out for the axe, which indicated that it was cast from tin bronze. The axe represents the type of flanged axes. Such axes appeared in Europe in the Early Bronze Age (the end of BrA1), and with varying degrees of intensity they were used up to BrD. In the northern outskirts of the Low Beskids there were three similar tools, such as the item from Jasło, site 29, from Trzcinica, „Wały Królewskie”, Jasło district and from Trepcza, Sanok district, site 2. The shape of the cutting edge and its symmetrical thickening of the sides of the axe discovered in Miejsce Piastowe may suggest references to the items from Trepcza and Trzcinica. Its chronology can be referred to times corresponding to BrB. Its presence is related to the settlement of the Ottomani-Füzesabony culture.
Źródło:
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego; 2019, 40; 279-284
0137-5725
Pojawia się w:
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Between Mercantilism, Oriental Luxury and the Ottoman Threat: Discourses on the Armenian Diaspora in the Early Modern Kingdom of Poland
Autorzy:
Osipian, Aleksandr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601397.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
mercantilism
luxury
the Ottoman threat
trading Diaspora
Armenians
Opis:
This paper analyses the attitudes toward the Armenian Diaspora in early modern Polish society through a close examination of the issues viewed as burning by the contemporaries. The paper is focused on three such burning topics – a) the ‘price revolution’ and, in connection therewith, mercantilism; b) the growing level of consumption (“redundant luxury” – zbytek nierozmyślny) and the fears of social disorder aroused by it; and c) the Ottoman threat (real and imagined). The paper argues that there were a variety of discourses on the Armenians because the discourses were influenced by the different answers to the challenging issues presented by the representatives of various social estates – noblemen (szlachta), clergymen (duchowieństwo) and burghers (mieszczaństwo). Therefore, the attitudes to the Monophysite Armenians in Polish society were mostly shaped not as part of the Counter-Reformation agenda (as was the case with respect to Protestants and the GreekOrthodox), but rather within the framework of economic (mercantilism), social (consumption), and psychological/political (fears of the Ottoman threat) issues.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2017, 116
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remarks on the phonetic value of the letters ‹y› and ‹ü› in Franciscus Meninski’s Ottoman Turkish Thesaurus (1680)
Autorzy:
Stachowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/634575.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Ottoman Turkish, historical phonology, transcription texts, graphemics, lexicography
Opis:
Franciscus Meninski generally used the letter ‹y› as a symbol for today’s Turkish ı. However, this letter also appears in front vocalic words which contradicts the palato-velar aspect of Turkish vowel harmony. Mertol Tulum has recently attempted to show that the phonetic value of ‹y› in front vocalic words was a central, high vowel placed between the Turkish i and ı (one that would probably be rendered [ɨ] in the IPA; however, since this letter is barely visible in print, especially in the footnotes, I have decided to replace it with its Fenno-Ugristic equivalent [i] here). The present author, thus, examines Tulum’s line of reasoning and dicusses the possibility of reinterpreting the functions fulfilled by ‹y› and ‹ü› in Meninski’s work.
Źródło:
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis; 2015, 129, 3
2083-4624
Pojawia się w:
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka Imperium Otomańskiego wobec chrześcijan i Cerkwi prawosławnej na terenie byłego Bizancjum na przełomie XV i XVI wieku
The Ottoman Empire’s Policy Toward Christians and the Orthodox Church in the Former Byzantine Empire at the turn of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century
Autorzy:
Mironowicz, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/420193.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Imperium Otomańskie
Prawosławie
patriarcha
Ottoman Empire
Orthodoxy
patriarch
Opis:
W artykule przedstawione są główne założenia polityki Imperium Ottomańskiego w stosunku do mieszkańców Bizancjum. Szczególną wagę zwrócono na sytuację Kościoła prawosławnego, na prawa i przywileje patriarchy. Ukazano ścieżki kariery podbitych greków w państwie osmańskim.
This article presents the Ottoman Empire’s presuppositions regarding its former Byzantine Empire residents. Special attention is given to the Orthodox Church’s situation, and patriarchal rights and privileges. It also depicts the career path of the subdued Greeks in the Ottoman state.
Źródło:
ELPIS; 2016, 18; 153-156
1508-7719
Pojawia się w:
ELPIS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crypto-Christianity and Religious Hybridisation in the Ottoman Balkans: a Case Study (1599–1622)
Autorzy:
Notarfonso, Silvia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Ottoman Balkans
Catholic missionaries
crypto-Christianity
Catholic confessionalisation
Opis:
In this paper I intend to address the issue of crypto-Catholicism in the early Ottoman Balkans, a complex phenomenon which has drawn historians’ attention over the decades. More specifically, I will attempt to define and clarify the difficult and unresolved issue, taking into account the characteristics of the Balkans where many religious and social groups co-existed. That produced interaction and enmeshment between the various religions and, as a result, identities developed specific distinctive traits and often overlapped. Within that unique Balkan environment – a real confessional melting pot – crypto-Christianity naturally arose. Crypto-Catholics or Orthodoxies, living under Ottoman rule, publicly decided to embrace the Islamic religion but secretly identified themselves as Christians. I have set out to investigate this phenomenon by considering letters and reports produced by Catholic missions involved in the Balkan peninsula.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2020, 10; 217-226
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Education of the Roma in the late Ottoman period
Autorzy:
Dingeç, Emine
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1876032.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Kıpti (Roma)
Ottoman State
missionary
education
school
imam
Opis:
At the end of the 19th century, activities were initiated in the Ottoman State to increase the knowledge of the Muslims and Ehl-i Perde (those with a Muslim name but who do not fulfill the requirements of Islam) Kıptis (Roma) in various fields, particularly in religion. Imams were appointed to their settlement areas. Schools were opened. In the meantime, they were also recruited into the army where they received education/training in many aspects. The aim of this article is to examine the adaptation of the Roma into the Muslim society during the discussed period.
Źródło:
Edukacja Międzykulturowa; 2021, 14, 1; 95-108
2299-4106
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja Międzykulturowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Beauplans Ukraine: open access georeferenced databases for studies of early modern history of Central and Eastern Europe
Autorzy:
Polczynski, Michael
Polczynski, Mark
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-08-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
Beauplan
Ukraine
Polska
Lithuania
Ottoman Empire
frontier studies
Opis:
In 1630, Guillaume Le Vasseur, sieur de Beauplan, travelled to the lands of Poland-Lithuania to begin a seventeen-year military career in the Crown army. The purpose of the Beauplan's Ukraine (BU) project is to provide a set of open access, georeferenced databases for the populated places, rivers, river fords, river rapids, islands, forests, mountains, valleys, and travel paths that are shown on a selection of maps created by Beauplan. The purpose of this document is to describe how these databases and related materials can be accessed and applied by scholars, with the ultimate goal of this work being to convert the rich source of information provided by Beauplan's maps into a viable instrument for the laboratory of the historian of south-eastern Europe in Early Modern times.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2019, 23, 3; 185-193
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relationship between the Crimean Khanate and the Polish-Lithuanian State during the Reign of Devlet I Giray and Mehmed II Giray in Mühimme Defters
Autorzy:
Başer, Alper
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28700501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Crimean Khanate
Ottoman Empire
Cossacks
Tribute
mühimme defters
Opis:
Mühimme defters have a special place among all the archival material inherited from the Ottoman Empire. Recording copies of the decisions made in the Imperial Council, the highest administrative organ of the state, these defters contain important information not only about the domestic affairs of the Empire but also about its foreign policy. This study examines the relations between the Crimean Khanate and the Polish-Lithuanian State as reflected in mühimme defters from 1551 to 1584. Border disputes, annual payments made or not made by Poland to the Crimean Khanate, diplomatic relations, exchange of ambassadors, and the residence of Alp Giray and Selamet Giray in Poland were some of the main issues reflected in mühimme defters.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2023, 127; 131-165
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Terra Incognita: Results of Polish excavations in Albania and Montenegro
Autorzy:
Dyczek, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16220011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Rhizon
Scoder
roman colony
fortifications
Illyrian period
ottoman period
Opis:
One of the most important issues in Illyrian archeology today concerns the origins of Illyrian cities. The excavations at Rhizon have provided new data on the subject where many elements of the ancient urban architecture have been recorded. First, the monumental defense walls so called – Cyclopean wall. The lower town was divided into districts, but it was not an orthogonal plan. The architecture of the houses in generally Hellenistic in nature, but always a variation on the standard model in use each of the six insulae. Despite the limited size of the excavation compared to the overall size of the town, three separate bathrooms with terracotta baths have been unearthed, including a bathtub for children. In considering the urban structure of Rhizon the archaeologists had to come to grips with the question of the ruling authority and its architectural emanation. In terms of the functioning of royal authority in Illyria, the discovery of a palatial complex in Rhizon has added immensely to our knowledge. The older complex, included a megaron-type hall with a central hearth, storerooms and large courtyard The area was rebuilt after the event. The rubble was leveled, the storerooms reconstructed. The old megaron was turned into a kitchen and/or banquet hall attached to the new palace, which was built in part in the old courtyard. Part of the courtyard now served as a roadleading along the new palace facade. The younger palace was raised of neatly dressed ashlar blocks of limestone joined by the Greek technique of anathyrosis. Excavation in the other capital of Illyria, Scoder, open the way to interesting considerations in reference to the above. One of the most interesting discoveries was made during an investigation of a cistern constructed in Venetian times and rebuilt by the Turks. Two inscriptions, one whole and the other fragmentary, were immured into the central pillar supporting the roof of the cistern. Three inscriptions were preserved on one of these two blocks. On the one ofthe Latin text, Scoder is mentioned as a Roman colony. In late Roman times Scoder was the capital of the Praevalis province. The wall, excavated by us, surrounding the lower town dates to this period. One of the mysteries of Scoder was a bulwark below the north wall of the fortifications The present investigations have identified the wall as a defensive structure raised by the Venetians during the Turkish siege of 1478/1479. Three other interesting discoveries concern the 17th and 18th centuries. A set of almost 30 glass aryballoi were found in the ruins of one of the Turkish houses. Another hoard, found this time in a water sewer which is always interesting to the archaeologist, contained a small bag of silver coins struck in Dubrovnik in the early 17th century as well as a series of majolica vessels covered with a colored glaze and even some imported Chinese porcelain. An apothecary's shop in the lower town yielded the remains of scales, vessels and a well preserved small tin pyxis The inscription on its cover identifies its content as „thyriaca”, an antidote known to English apothecaries as Venice treacle.
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2017, 16; 351-369
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 128

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