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Tytuł:
Реінтеграція тимчасово окупованих територій Донбасу: передумови та перспективи
The Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories of Donbas: Background and Prospects
Autorzy:
Явір, Віра
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489408.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
reintegration,
disintegration,
temporarily-occupied territories
Opis:
The background and prospects for the reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories of Donbass (ORDLO) are analyzed. The author proves that the introduction of a full-scaled effective policy of reintegration of temporarily occupied territories is complicated by the armed phase of the ethnopolitical conflict, as well as by the lack of combatants’ desire except Ukraine to settle it within the framework of the peace negotiation process. The reintegration component of all political and legal mechanisms concerning ORDLO is pointed out. Neither the authorities nor the scientific expert community have not yet worked out a system of clear understanding of reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories. This includes strategies, tactics, basic principles of ethnic and political integration process, which has become another challenge for internal and external ethnopolitics of Ukraine, the result of ethnopolitical conflict and loss of territory. The President calls the return of occupied territories under Ukrainian sovereignty a priority, but Ukraine has a completely different tactics of behavior to restore the sovereignty over Donbas and Crimea because the periods of reintegration of these areas are different. The status of two different areas are quite different. ARC has been annexed - illegally incorporated into another state, it became its part in the political and economic sense. While occupied territories of Donbass has been separated - illegally left the independent state, becoming a self-proclaimed formations, which are not recognized and not supported by the international community. The situation is complicated by the fact that the armed phase of the conflict in eastern Ukraine is still going, armed clashes and shelling are continued, which significantly complicates reintegration. But let’s look more attentively at ethnic and political situation in the Donbass, the position of the illegal DNR and LNR and evaluate prospects to return these territories to the Ukraine. Manifestations of separatism that resulted in disintegration, formation of unrecognized states supported by the Russian Federation could not occur in other regions except the Southeast of Ukraine. The all population of this region has been in constant propaganda and informational pressure from the side of Russian Federation aimed at discrediting Ukraine as a state and was properly prepared for separatist sentiments. As part of Donetsk and Lugansk regions were occupied by Russian troops and militias and terrorist organizations DNR, LNR, they were offered a special status that takes into account the situation of the region where military operations are conducted. The Law on special status contains a number of reintegration initiatives and reconciliation aimed to facilitate, encourage the reunification process of separatizated areas of Ukraine. Terrorist organizations LNR and DNR do not appear in the Law, therefore, do not get recognition from the Ukrainian authorities in this way. The Law applies to the territory of Donbass itself controlled by armed separatists. The question of the political settlement of ethnopolitical conflict in the Donbas and local elections remain open. The self-proclaimed states tried to set a date for local elections on their own, demanding from Ukrainian government to accept them and take law on local elections in Donbas. The date of local elections set by leaders of terrorist organizations have repeatedly transferred. The settlement of ethnopolitical conflict in the Donbass mostly complicated by the position of the Russian side, which does not recognize its participation. The Russian side insists that the conflict will stop if Ukraine gives special status of Donbass, conducts constitutional reform. That is selective realization of the Minsk agreements - those the political commitments of Ukraine without implementation of security part concerning Russia and de-facto states.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2017, 7; 121-128
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem osadnictwa żydowskiego w kontekście negocjacji izraelsko-palestyńskich
Israeli settlements in the Occupied Territories in the context of Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations
Autorzy:
Tonta, Rachela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Israeli settlements
Occupied Territories
Israeli-Palestinian peace
process
Opis:
Middle Eastern peace talks, which were resumed between representatives of the State of Israel and State of Palestine at the end of July 2013 again sparked hopes that conflict, which roots go back to the beginning of the 20th century, has a chance for a peaceful solution. This optimism was tempered, however, by previous experiences, when talks ended without bringing expected results and brought only disappointment for both sides of the conflict. One of the biggest obstacles to reaching an agreement is the presence of Israeli settlements in the Occupied Territories, which number and size undermine the possibility of establishment of a sovereign and territorially homogeneous Palestinian State. The aim of the article is to analyse the Israeli settlement policy in the Occupied Territories from historical perspective, allowing to trace its development during the periods of leftist and rightist governments, and also in the context of the Middle Eastern Peace Process and international law. Special attention will be given to the ideological base of Israeli policy towards occupied territories and how ideological changes in Israeli society can affect prospect for peace.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 3; 205-223
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Предупреждение вывоза каменного угля с временно Оккупированных территорий: экономико-правовые аспекты
Prevention Of Extraction Of Coal From Temporary Occupied Territories: Economic And Legal Aspects
Autorzy:
Illarionov, Oleksandr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1403602.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
coal
coal mining enterprise
temporarily occupied territories
Ukraine
Polska
European Union
Opis:
The article analyzes ways to prevent the export of coal from occupied territories, namely: criminal prosecution of domestic buyers, involving the public and civil society representatives in identifying and investigating the facts of coal export from occupied territories to the EU member states, the blockade of occupied territories, etc. It is proved that preventing the export of coal from the occupied territories is an effective way of depriving the occupation administrations of the resources for their existence. Additionally, it proposes to intensify international cooperation, between Ukraine and Poland regarding the identification and suppression of the facts of coal supplies to the territory of the European Union.
Źródło:
MIND Journal; 2020, 9; 1-14
2451-4454
Pojawia się w:
MIND Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Special Economic Regime as a Means of Conflict Resolution in the Temporarily Occupied Territories of Ukraine
Autorzy:
Sieriebriak, Stanislav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28771936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
state policy
restoration of the occupied territories
legal means
legal regulation mechanism
territories of priority development
Opis:
Over the past nine years, the Ukrainian economy has been developing in the context of partial occupation of its territories, violation of human and civil rights and freedoms, and seizure of state property. On February 24, 2022, a neighboring state invaded Ukraine, which led to the introduction of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine. In the article, the author identifies the main approaches to regulating the economic situation in the temporarily occupied territories and determines what the State’s policy should be after their de-occupation. The author also examines the content and features of the concepts of occupation and de-occupation. The concept of Ukraine’s state policy on the temporarily occupied territories requires a detailed analysis, primarily of its legal framework, institutional mechanism, identification of problems and outlining of ways to solve them. This requires scientifically balanced and well-founded approaches, timely, coordinated and predictable actions by the public authorities of Ukraine, and consideration of positive international and national experience. The impact of the martial law regime on almost all spheres of public life, all areas of state policy, the legal framework and institutional structures for the implementation of state policy, and the forms and methods of work of state and local government bodies is obvious. There is a natural need to improve a significant number of existing legal acts of Ukraine and adopt new ones in this area. It is important to expand the range of entities responsible for ensuring the de-occupation of the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine. The author emphasizes the need to define a system of legal means which can form the basis of a special economic regime both in the temporarily occupied territories and in the de-occupied territories. It is also important to eliminate the imbalances in the development of different regions of Ukraine, as well as to determine the priorities for restoring the economic system in the de-occupied territories.
Źródło:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2023, 2, 3; 7-15
2720-6998
Pojawia się w:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hybrid war as a form of modern international conflicts and its influence on accounting development
Autorzy:
Zhyhlei, Iryna
Legenchyk, Segiy
Syvak, Olena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374326.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
hybrid war
military operations
international conflict
development of accounting
Ukraine
occupied territories
assets of the enterprise
Opis:
The article is devoted to the study of hybrid warfare, as well as its influence on the reflection of business transactions in the accounting system. The study was conducted using the following research methods: analysis; synthesis; logical method; systematization, comparison, generalization, historical method. As a result, the features inherent in modern hybrid wars, including Ukrainian-Russian, as well as the specifics of accounting that arise during hostilities with emphasis on accounting features in enterprises whose assets were under the direct influence of hostilities, in particular, in the uncontrolled territories of Luhansk and Donetsk regions of Ukraine.
Źródło:
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski; 2020, XI, 1; 191-205
2081-1128
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effective Models of Reintegration for De-occupied Territories
Skuteczne modele reintegracji terytoriów okupowanych
Autorzy:
Rzhevska, Nina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1853595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Chełmie
Tematy:
Donbas
East of Ukraine
reintegration
occupied territories
deocupied territories
reintegration model
Wschód Ukrainy
reintegracja
terytoria okupowane
terytoria de-okupowane
model reintegracji
Opis:
The article aims to reveal the essence of the reintegration process of the occupied and de-occupied territories, determining the current state and characterizing the conict in the East of Ukraine. Its components and implementation tools are analyzed, and foreign models of reintegration of the occupied and de-occupied territories are presented and evaluated; there is also determined the degree of their conformity for Ukraine. In this research, there was made an attempt to nd the most eective model for the reintegration of Donbas, which would not only contribute to the demilitarization and restoration of state control in these territories, but also prevent the emergence of separatist movements, stimulate the process of returning, and integration of citizens to the social, cultural, economic and political life of their country of origin. It was stressed that the Ukrainian model for restoring the territorial integrity and reintegration of Donbas should be based on compromise and key issues that have a positive international grounding for which the government has a public support, combined with a strong national, international, and military one. There is a greater chance for working out a mutual standpoint of Ukraine and its international partners which would allow the conict with Russia to be solved. It is noted that the problem remains since there is no consensus among citizens on the optimal way of restoring the territorial integrity of Ukraine.
Źródło:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal; 2021, 1, 1; 325-340
2450-3576
2719-3217
Pojawia się w:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Understanding the Dispute over the Treatment of Products Exported to the European Union from the Occupied Territories in the Context of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
Autorzy:
Chmiel, Oskar J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594817.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
European Union
Israel
Occupied Palestinian Territories
the United States
trade negotiations
TTIP
Opis:
While the European Union (EU) does not recognize any legal Israeli sovereignty over the territories occupied by Israel in 1967, it does not grant preferential access to the EU market for goods produced in the Israeli settlements in this area, contrary to the preferential treatment for goods produced in Israel. This situation is different, however, as regards the United States (U.S.) trade policy, which does not make any distinction between goods produced in Israel and in the Occupied Territories, since it grants the preferential access to both. Furthermore, the currently suspended negotiations of the super-regional trade agreement called the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), spurred the enacting of a law that set the principal negotiating objectives of the U.S. regarding commercial partnerships, which included some provisions to discourage politically motivated economic actions against the State of Israel. As TTIP embraced the free trade agreement between the EU and the U.S., the EU differentiation policy could become problematic for the two partners, which despite the failure of the negotiations, revealed much about economic diplomacy. Consequently, this article attempts to show the different approaches adopted by the two trading powers, in order to deal with the dispute over the treatment of products exported to the EU from the Occupied Territories.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 2 (47); 254-264
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka informacyjna Ukrainy jako czynnik umożliwiający reintegrację okupowanych części obwodu donieckiego i ługańskiego
The information policy of Ukraine as a factor that allows the reintegration of the occupied parts of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts
Autorzy:
Marek, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/556484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
information policy
Ministry of Information Policy of Ukraine
reintegration of occupied territories
polityka informacyjna
Ministerstwo Polityki Informacyjnej Ukrainy
reintegracja obszarów okupowanych
Opis:
The article presents conclusions obtained as a result of the analysis of media messages of the Ministry of Information Policy of Ukraine, the documents prepared by the structures connected to the Ukrainian government as well as the publications about the information policy of this country. In the text, there were also presented a number of initiatives of the Ukrainian government that are aimed at regaining control over the information space of Eastern Ukraine. In addition, the main goals and narratives present in the Ukrainian media have been described as a factor which serves to prepare the „base” for the future reintegration of the occupied parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions with the rest of the country.
W artykule przedstawiono wnioski z analizy komunikatów medialnych Ministerstwa Polityki Informacyjnej Ukrainy, dokumentów opracowanych przez struktury podległe rządowi Ukrainy, a także publikacji odnoszących się do tematu polityki informacyjnej tego państwa. Przedstawiono również szereg inicjatyw strony ukraińskiej, które mają na celu odzyskanie kontroli nad przestrzenią informacyjną wschodniej Ukrainy. Opisano ponadto główne cele i narracje obecne w ukraińskim przekazie medialnym, mające służyć przygotowywaniu gruntu pod przyszły proces reintegracji okupowanych części obwodu donieckiego i ługańskiego z pozostałym obszarem kraju.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2018, 3; 211-224
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rückgabe des beschlagnahmten Bibliotheksgutes – argumentacja Gustava Abba i stanowisko Kajetana Mühlmanna. Epizod z dziejów polskich zbiorów artystycznych w okresie II wojny światowej
Rückgabe des Beschlagnahmten Bibliotheksgutes: Gustav Abb’s Argumentation and the Position of Kajetan Mühlmann. An Episode in the History of Polish Artistic Collections during WW II
Autorzy:
Zadrożny, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24779787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Sztuki PAN
Tematy:
Gustav Abb
Kajetan Mühlmann
Generalne Gubernatorstwo - niemiecka administracja okupacyjna
grabież i eksploatacja okupowanych ziem polskich
Sonderbeauftragte für die Erfassung und Sicherung der Kunst- und Kulturschätze
Urząd Pełnomocnika Specjalnego do spraw Sporządzenia Spisu i Zabezpieczenia Dzieł Sztuki i Zabytków Kultury
Staatsbibliothek Krakau
Hauptverwaltung der Bibliotheken
Główny Zarząd Bibliotek
Sichergestellte Kunstwerke im Generalgouvernement
zagrabione dzieła sztuki - zabezpieczone dla Rzeszy Niemieckiej
occupatio bellica
debellatio
zawojowanie
General Government
administration of Germany-occupied territory
looting and exploitation of occupied Polish territories
Office of the Plenipotentiary for the Safeguarding of Works of Art and Cultural Heritage
Main Library Board
looted artworks sequestrated for the German Reich
conquest
Opis:
Pod koniec listopada 1941 r. doszło do dyskusji między Gustavem Abbem, szefem Głównego Zarządu Bibliotek w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie, i Kajetanem Mühlmannem, Pełnomocnikiem Specjalnym do Spraw Zabezpieczenia Dzieł Sztuki i Zabytków Kultury, na temat ewentualnego przekazania do Staatsbibliothek obiektów bibliotecznych „zabezpieczonych" przez Urząd Mühlmanna. Raport z tej konfrontacji doskonale obrazuje dwoistość postaw funkcjonariuszy GG wobec dóbr skonfiskowanych z rozkazu i w imieniu władz niemieckich na okupowanych polskich ziemiach, tak jak i ich biegłość w dostosowaniu wywodu do korzystnych dla Niemiec, lecz niezgodnych z prawem międzynarodowym, koncepcji prawnych, w tym wypadku do idei debellatio.
Towards the end of November 1941, a discussion took place between Gustav Abb, head of the Main Board of Libraries in the General Government, and Kajetan Mühlmann, the Special Plenipotentiary for the Safeguarding of Works of Art and Cultural Heritage, about the possible transfer to the Staatsbibliothek of library objects "secured" by Mühlmann's office. The report on this confrontation perfectly illustrates the duality of attitudes of the GG officers towards goods confiscated in occupied Polish territories by order and on behalf of the German authorities, as well as their proficiency in adapting legal arguments which, while in contravention of international law, were favourable to Germany, in this case to the concept of debellatio.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Historii Sztuki; 2021, 83, 4; 697-734
0006-3967
2719-4612
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcje prawne w zakresie prawa międzynarodowego wypracowane w III Rzeszy a jej polityka okupacji
Legal concepts in the field of international law developed in the Third Reich and its policy of occupation
Autorzy:
Migdał, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
systemy prawne w okresie II Wojny Światowej
Akademia Prawa Niemieckiego
prawo narodów
prawo międzynarodowe
occupatio bellica
debellatio
Konwencja Haska
Regierungsverwaltung
Kolonialverwalutng
Aufsichtsverwaltung
Grossraum
Besatzungsrichtungen
zasada wodzostwa
III Rzesza
I Republika Słowacka
Protektorat Czech i Moraw
Generalne Gubernatorstwo
II Wojna Światowa
typy i systemy okupacji
ekonomia na terenach okupowanych
polityka kulturowa i kulturalna
reżim okupacyjny
eksterminacja ludności
zbrodnie wojenne
aparat represji
Republika Weimarska
Hlinkowa Gwardia
HSPL
Hlinkowa Słowacka Partia Ludowa
Gestapo
SS
Einsatzgruppe
RSHA
Główny Urząd Bezpieczeństwa Rzeszy
Urząd Protektora Rzeszy
NSDAP
legal systems in the time of World War II
Academy of German Law
law of nations
international law
Hague Convention
Führerprinzip
the Third Reich
the First Slovak Republic
the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
General Government
World War II
types and systems of occupation
economy in the occupied territories
culture and cultural policy
occupation regime
extermination of population
war crimes
repressive state apparatus
Weimar Republic
Hlinka Guard
Hlinka’s Slovak People's Party
Reich Main Security Office
Reich Protector Office
Opis:
Uwzględniając dotychczasowe doświadczenia w badaniach nad systemami okupacji krajów Osi w trakcie II wojny światowej a szczególnie dominującej III Rzeszy niemieckiej, wydaje się, że występują w tym zakresie duże braki a stan tych badań można uznać za daleko niewystarczający. Słabością istniejących badań jest ograniczenie się do polityki okupacyjnej i struktur formalnych, czyli ich pewna wycinkowość. Rzadko uwzględnia się w nich dokumentacje porównawczą, ukazującą całościowe kształtowanie się struktur organizacyjnych zarządów okupacyjnych z uwzględnieniem całokształtu doświadczenia oraz zbiorczego mechanizmu funkcjonowania, przy wykazaniu także jego efektywności. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest, próba ustalenia, czy i o ile wypełnianie okupacji lub innych form władztwa przez III Rzeszę hitlerowską nad innymi terytoriami państwowymi czy narodami stanowiło system polityczno-prawny, jak kształtowały się różne postacie władania nad poszczególnymi terytoriami i wobec podbitej ludności w określonej sytuacji prawnej, społeczno-gospodarczej i politycznej. Należy przy tym podkreślić, że pojęcie „okupacja” używane powszechnie w historii politycznej tego okresu, nie wystarczy do poprawnego opisu zjawiska w języku nauki prawa. Jest ono zbyt ogólne i prawnicze nieadekwatne do stanu prawnego ziem zajętych lub kontrolowanych przez Niemcy i to zarówno tych anektowanych w sposób bezprawny (takich jak „eingegliederte Ostgebiete” w Polsce) jak i tych które zostały podporządkowane politycznie z pozbawieniem zamieszkałych tam narodów ich suwerennej władzy politycznej (takich jak Protektorat Czech i Moraw) i wreszcie tych, które zostały jedynie włączone przymusowo w orbitę wpływów III Rzeszy z utrzymaniem w nich rządów satelickich (np. Słowacja).
Taking into account previous experiences related to the investigation of occupation systems of the Axis powers during World War II, and in particular the dominant role of the Third Reich, it seems that there are large gaps in this area and the status of those studies can be considered largely insufficient. The weakness of the existing studies is their reduction to the occupation policy and formal structures, i.e. they are rather fragmentary. Only rarely do they take into consideration comparative documentation which shows the holistic development of organizational structures of invader’s administration along with its entire experience and collective functioning mechanisms as well as the demonstration of its effectiveness. This article is an attempt to determine whether and to what extent the exercise of occupation or other forms of governance by the Third Reich under Hitler’s rule over other territories or nations constituted a political and legal system, what were different types of governance over individual territories and conquered populations in a specific legal, socio-economic and political situation. It should be noted, however, that the term “occupation” used commonly in the political history of that period is not sufficient to properly describe this phenomenon in the language of law. It is too general and inadequate to the legal status of the territories occupied or controlled by Germany, including those illegally annexed (such as “eingegliederte Ostgebiete” [annexed Eastern territories] in Poland), those that have been politically subordinated with the deprivation of peoples living there of their sovereign political power (such as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia), as well as those which were only forcibly incorporated into the orbit of influence of the Third Reich but with the maintenance of satellite governments (e.g. Slovakia).
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze KUL; 2017, 2; 123-165
1897-7146
2719-4264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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