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Tytuł:
„Światowid ” ze Zbrucza – kontrowersyjny symbol pogańskiej Słowiańszczyzny
Autorzy:
Łuczyński, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038252.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
the Cumans
sculpting
nomads
the Zbruch Idol
Slavic mythology
Opis:
The article is dedicated to the analysis and semantic interpretation of a monument referred to as the Zbruch Idol, discovered in 1848 near Liczkowce in the Ukraine. The author offers arguments in favour of the thesis that the artefact is a quadruple female made of stone by the Cumans in the late 13th/ early 14th century, and that the idol is a synthesis of the Turkish sepulchral sculpture.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2015, 56; 53-85
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Amazonki - mit czy reminiscencja zwyczajów koczowników
Amazons - myth or reminiscence of nomadic customs
Autorzy:
Janik, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/914601.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-18
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Amazons
nomads
Iranians
warriors
women
Opis:
There is evidence (archaeological, historical, linguistic, iconographic, ethnological and other mentioned in this article) to show that the formation of the myth of the Amazons could be a result of observations of habits of Iranian nomads who used to live in the areas of the northern coast of the Black Sea and Central Asia in Antiquity. Some datum indicates that women from these communities (as in many other groups of nomads) had a much higher social status than in many settled communities such as the ancient Greeks and Romans. Women in the Iranianspeaking nomadic communities were likely to participate in hunting and, to some limited extent, in fighting. In addition, some of them might have become the heads o f these groups as queens (that is not as wives of kings but as independent rulers). All o f it influenced the imagination of people from Greek culture who had met the nomads. Stories about these warrior women spread into Greek ecumene, increasingly evolving and subject to distortion, thus affecting the myth of the Amazons. The Amazons in Greek mythology and art often have nomadic features - they ride on horseback, wear bows and “Scythian” costumes and weapons. Tales of warlike women did not only contribute to the mythology of the ancient world, but they were inherited by Turkic-speaking groups and are still present in the culture of Iran.
Źródło:
Studia Azjatystyczne; 2017, 3; 61-76
2449-5433
Pojawia się w:
Studia Azjatystyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
BARBARZYŃCY I KOCZOWNICY. MARZENIA I FOBIE
BARBARIANS AND NOMADS. FANTASIES AND PHOBIAS
Autorzy:
Pálfalvi, Lajos
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911645.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
auto-and hetero-images of the nomads
hell of the Slavs
barbarian Europe
ancient agriculture
the Hungarian idea of nation
auto- i heteroobrazy koczowników
piekło Słowian
barbarzyńska Europa
archaiczna cywilizacja rolnicza
węgierska idea narodowa
Opis:
W esejach Jerzego Stempowskiego i Stanisława Vincenza znajdujemy opisy reliktów prastarej kultury rolniczej zagrożonej przez koczowników. W mitologii słowiańskiej są oni utożsamiani z takimi „katami Słowian” jak Árpád. W tożsamości europejskiej mieszczą się tradycja klasyczna i cywilizacja barbarzyńska. Ta ostatnia została nobilitowana w syntezie Karola Modzelewskiego pt. Barbarzyńska Europa, natomiast koczownictwo nadal pozostaje obcym elementem. W historiografii węgierskiej pierwszej połowy XX wieku powstała zaś pogłębiona refleksja na temat koczownictwa. Wybitny historyk, Tibor Joó (1901–1945), w monografii pt. Nacjonalizm węgierski (Magyar nacionalizmus, 1941) rekonstruował i interpretował na nowo zapomniane tradycje węgierskie.
The essays of Jerzy Stempowski and Stanislaw Vincenz describe the reminiscences of the age-old agricultural cultures which have always been threatened by the nomadic people. In the Slavic mythology terms such as ”the executioners of the Slavs” have been identified with figures like Árpád. The ancient tradition and the barbaric civilization are part of the European tradition. The latter has been ennobled by Karol Modzelewski in his synthesis: Barbarian Europe, but the nomads still remain an alien element. The Hungarian historiography of the first half of the 20th century produced a deep reflection on nomadism. The eminent historian, Tibor Joó (1901-1945), reconstructed and reinterpreted the forgotten Hungarian traditions in his monograph: Hungarian Nationalism (1941).
Źródło:
Porównania; 2017, 21, 2
1733-165X
Pojawia się w:
Porównania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bliski Wschód na drodze do wojny. Polityczne i kulturowe uwarunkowania zmiany wektorów irańskiej polityki zagranicznej w latach 484-502
The Middle East on the road to war. Political and cultural determinants of changes in the vectors of Iranian foreign policy in the years 484-502
Autorzy:
Sińczak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28407853.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Sasanidzi
Rzym
Iran Sasanidów
Heftalici
nomadzi
koczownicy
Azja Środkowa
the Sassanids
Rome
Sasanian Iran
Hephthalites
nomads
Central Asia
Opis:
Relacje między Cesarstwem Rzymskim a Iranem Sasanidów w V wieku były w dużej mierze wypadkową uregulowania spraw spornych i współpracy wobec zagrożenia, które wynikało z posunięć agresywnych społeczności nomadów. Wielki wpływ na politykę wewnętrzną, a później również zewnętrzną, Iranu Sasanidów mieli koczownicy z terenów Azji Środkowej, a szczególnie opisywani w niniejszym tekście Heftalici, których oddziaływanie na Sasanidów doprowadziło finalnie do przeorientowania się sasanidzkiej polityki zagranicznej na zachód, co zaowocowało wybuchem nowej wielkiej wojny na Bliskim Wschodzie.
Relations between the Roman Empire and Sasanian Iran in the 5th century were largely the result of settling disputes and cooperation in the face of the threat that resulted from the aggressive moves of the nomad community. A great influence on the internal policy, and later also external, of Sasanian Iran was exerted by nomads from Central Asia and especially the Hephthalites described in this text, whose influence on the Sassanids finally led to the reorientation of their foreign policy to the west, which resulted in the outbreak of a new great war in the Middle East.
Źródło:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne; 2023, 30, 2; 5-17
1232-1575
Pojawia się w:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Brunona z Kwerfutu wyprawa do Pieczyngów- aspekty misyjne i polityczne
Autorzy:
Paroń, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Middle Ages
Christianization nomads
Pechenegs
Bruno of Querfurt
Opis:
The Journey of Bruno of Querfurt to the Pechenegs – its Politics and Mission. The present study examines the reasons behind the journey by Bruno of Querfurt to the Pechenegs. According to the author, there is no indication that the missionary was involved in any political plans Boleslaw the Brave may have had for the steppe dwellers. The idea of the journey to the Pechenegs came from Bruno himself and was the most radical form of the missio ad gentes, for its object was meant to be “the cruellest people among pagans”. Bruno treated the mission to the land of the Pechenegs as an ardent confession of faith and spiritual trial.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2013, 54; 97-116
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Civil Legal Regulation Features in the States Who Inhabited the Ancient Territory of Kazakhstan
Autorzy:
Amanbaevna Zhumabaeva, Aliya
Amanbaevich Smagulov, Ablay
Smagulovna Smagulova, Assyl
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032372.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
ancient Kazakhstan
ancient legal systems
customary laws
nomads
Islam
Opis:
This article discusses the features of the regulation of civil legal in the states, who inhabited the ancient territory of Kazakhstan. The authors also noted the development of a legal framework for regulation of civil relations in these countries. The nomads who inhabited the territory of present-day Kazakhstan, anciently engage in economic, cultural and political relations with other nations, and in accordance with the provisions of the laws protecting the rights of individuals, and sometimes even the whole country, when there was a threat to its interests, thereby protecting the political system, the legal system of nomadic state. Ancient legal system, to regulate relations in the tribal society, giving rise to the modern civil law.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2013, 4; 198-207
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Civilisation and its environmental consequences
Autorzy:
Sulimov, Stanislav I.
Chernigovskikh, Igor V.
Cherenkov, Roman A.
Chernykh, Vladimir D.
Vasiliev, Boris V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2175214.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
environment
civilisation
antiquity
nomads
ecosystem
środowisko
cywilizacja
antyk
koczownicy
ekosystem
Opis:
This work is devoted to examining civilisation’s environmental consequences and the military confrontation between civilised and barbaric societies. The authors examine antique and ancient Chinese ideas about the phenomenon of barbarism, and also highlight common cultural features inherent in the Germans and Celts and opposed to Rome, and the Far Eastern nomads who were adjacent to imperial China. Moreover, the authors seek to analyse the substantial effects of civilisation on the environment and ecosystem. Having analysed the military potential of civilised societies, the authors come to the conclusion that the victory of barbarism is possible only in the case of civilisation internal collapse. The article outlines other important aspects, including the relationships between civilisation and war and between civilisation and the environment. It concludes with a discussion about rethinking and restructuring some of our perspectives on civilisation.
Źródło:
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology; 2021, 26, 1-2; 31--40
2084-4506
Pojawia się w:
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Constantine X Doukas (1059–1067) versus Uzes – about the Nomads on Boats on the Danube in 1064
Autorzy:
Böhm, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027796.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Byzantine Empire
Constantine X Doukas
Uzes
Danube
Nomads’ knowledge of river crossings
Opis:
The reign of the Doukas dynasty in 1059–1078 was a time when new threats to the Byzantine Empire emerge in Europe and Asia. One of them was the increased activity of Turkmen who were penetrating the lands belonging to the Byzantines. A manifestation of these threats was visible during the rule of Constantine X Doukas (1059–1067) in 1064. We have there an invasion of the tribe of Uzes, who crossed the Danube. They ventured so far, as the vicinity of Thessalonica and the province of Hellas, plundering everything in their path. Their actions surprised the defense of the Byzantines. This attack on the empire was related to their crossing of the Danube, about which Michael Attaliates and Skylitzes Continuatus provides us with interesting information. The main aim of this paper therefore will be related to issues linked to the types of vessels used by Uzes to cross this river, as well as an attempt to assess their boatbuilding skills.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2021, 11; 39-49
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DYSYDENCI I NOMADOWIE W PAŃSTWACH (NIE TYLKO) POSTTOTALITARNYCH. CZYLI DLACZEGO TYLE PROBLEMÓW, SKORO JEST TAK DOBRZE?
DISSIDENTS AND NOMADS (NOT ONLY) IN POST-TOTALITARIAN COUNTRIES. OR WHY THERE ARE SO MANY PROBLEMS IF EVERYTHING IS FINE.
Autorzy:
Rafał Paweł Wierzchosławski, Rafał Paweł Wierzchosławski
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911891.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
dissidents
elites
nomads
populism
liberal-democracy
transformation
The Legacies of Totalitarianism
Aviezer Tucker
dysydenci
elity
nomadzi
populizm
liberalna demokracja
transformacja
Opis:
Książka Aviezera Tuckera The Legacies of Totalitarianism. A Theoretical Framework wpisuje się nurt prac, które podejmują kwestię zwycięstwa liberalnej demokracji w krajach o totalitarnej przeszłości i postsowieckiej dominacji po 1989 roku. W tekście analizuję problemy, które można wskazać w kontekściesugestii autora, że dysydenci (i kategoria życia w prawdzie) odgrywali istotną rolę nie tylko w obaleniu komunizmu (realnego socjalizmu), lecz także pełnią ją w utrzymaniu zdobyczy liberalnej demokracji w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, która obecnie ma być zagrożona demonami populizmu, nacjonalizmu, ksenofobii. Zasadnicze pytanie mojego tekstu dotyczy kwestii, czy byli dysydenci potrafili stworzyć dobre i funkcjonalne państwa, czy też nowe elityzdezerterowały, pozostawiając instytucje państwowe na łup pasożytujących na nich nomadów, co prowadzi do sprzeciwu obywateli. Kwestia ta dotyczy, jak się wydaje, nie tylko krajów tego regionu, lecz także całej Europy.
Aviezer Tucker’s book The Legacies of Totalitarianism: A Theoretical Framework can be classified among works which settle with the totalitarian past and discuss the issue of the victory of liberal democracy in post-Soviet states after 1989. From the many issues examined in his book, I would like to focus here on the author’s interesting intuition that dissidents played an important role not only in the overthrow of communism (real socialism) but also in the preservation of the liberal democracy in Central and Eastern Europe, which, in his view, is now threatened by the demons of populism, nationalism, xenophobia, etc. The essential question is whether dissidents have managed to create such an institutional framework as will protect the society against the temptation of populism, by offering citizens – all social groups – a state with stable, effective structures, respect for individual freedom, and a sense of safety (including social security), or the institutional problems he mentions results from the negligence and desertion of the elites in the first years of the transformation –a state of things which has lasted until now?
Źródło:
Porównania; 2019, 24, 1; 275-284
1733-165X
Pojawia się w:
Porównania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Introduction to studies on late Sasanian protective armour. The Yarysh-Mardy helmet
Autorzy:
KUBIK, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517615.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Helmets
Armour
Sasanian Iran
Caucasia
Central Asia
Nomads
Opis:
The article discusses a helmet found in 1968 in a mountainous village of Yarysh-Mardy situated on the river Argun in the north-eastern Caucasus. The helmet was often associated with the Golden Horde period, which according to the author seems highly unlikely. On the basis of a detailed comparative analysis, the author puts forward a thesis of dating the object to either the late-Sasanid or early-Islamic period, i.e. to late 6th - beginning of 8th c. AD. Specifically, it is suggested that the appearance of the helmet in the Caucasus may be attributed to the time of Byzantine-Sasanid conflicts taking place at the turn of 6th and 7th c. AD. Additionally, the article argues that in the late Sasanid period a new sub-type of helmets came into existence, namely the ones with straight spangs and ones with spiky rivets. Furthermore, it is proposed that the Yarysh-Mardy helmet bears certain correspondences to similar finds from Groningen and Bremen.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2016, 5; 77-105
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nomadowie w przestrzeni mongolskiej
Nomads in Mongolian space
Autorzy:
Mencel, Marian Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11236639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
mongolscy nomadzi
koczownictwo
migracje
asymilacja
sinizacja
Mongolian nomads
nomadic life
assimilation
sinicization
Opis:
Since the down of time, the Mongolian space has been fulfilled with the nomadic people activity, the reality of whom was generally focused on breeding pigs and the nomadic activity of many tribes. Boundaries of their expansion were set by natural conditions and, to much extent, Chinese agriculture that was better developed. Cultural differences and the internal market that was limited to products of animal origin, forced nomads to trade with Chinese settled farmers. Self-assessment of their own higher culture resulted in frequent acts of aggression that mainly aimed at seizing craft products of the settled people by force. It was also an attempt to politically subordinate them and impose tributary relations upon them. China – a country with huge territorial range – was undertaking fight to protect its peripheral population, generally without taking any military activities against nomads outside the territory of its own country, the borders of which has never been recognized by nomads as lines indicating the range of their own activity. These groups of nomads that managed to establish their own bodies that had characteristic of a country and that were able to influence the northern regions of China more strongly, were split as a result of the reaction of China and in times of their weakness, they underwent the process of assimilation or/and sinicization by taking over a model of socio-political organization of the much more developed Chinese civilization.
Źródło:
Cywilizacja i Polityka; 2015, 13; 174-192
1732-5641
Pojawia się w:
Cywilizacja i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Noże wolutowe – o funkcji I pochodzeniu zagadkowych przedmiotów w kulturze słowiańskiej
Spiral knives: about the function and the origin of mysterious objects in the slavic culture
Autorzy:
Pawlicki, Jakub Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1886780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
knives with spiral handles
the early Middle Ages
cult objects
nomads
pre-state period
material culture
Opis:
The text presents spiral knives, objects of clearly exceptional nature. The data, the map and table included here are meant to update information on the subject after 32 years. Identification of the specific regional groups and a metric analysis of the historical objects highlight the differences between the groups. The text also touches upon objects which are morphologically close to the spiral knives used by nomadic communities. A critical look at the theories in literature on the subject allowed to limit the functions to two, possibly mutually complementary.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2021, 62; 71-106
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Paristrion as Centre and Periphery: from Byzantine Border Province to Heartland of the Second Bulgarian Tsardom
Autorzy:
Dall’Aglio, Francesco
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31234038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Byzantine history
Medieval Bulgaria
Ethnicity
Peripheries
Medieval Nomads
Medieval Statehood
Opis:
In 1185, after a successful revolt against the Byzantine empire, the so-called second Bulgarian kingdom was established on the territory of the former province of Paradounavon/Paristrion, that had been the first area of settlement of the Bulgars who had crossed the Danube and established their state in 681, and had become a peripheral region of the Byzantine empire after the conquests of Tzimiskes and Basil II. Even before the 1185 revolt, however, Paristrion had already begun to develop an embryonal degree of self-consciousness, although not in a ‘national’ way, owing to its peculiar history and ethnic composition. During the course of the 9th–12th century it had experienced a constant influx of invaders from the north, many of whom had in the end settled, either forcibly or after reaching an agreement with the imperial authorities. Those mixobarbaroi, half-civilized barbarians (according to the Byzantine point of view) had gradually integrated with the local population, made of Bulgarians, Vlachs, and Byzantine soldiers, settlers and administrators coming from the various provinces of the empire. When the military presence on the Danube was strong the region prospered economically, and became integrated in a vast trade network managed by Cuman and Rus’ traders and raiders; but during the 12th century the empire gradually withdrew its troops and its interest in Paristion, and this relative prosperity began to diminish. Coupled with the remembrance, in popular traditions, of the past glory and abundance of the first Bulgarian empire, and with the increasing fiscal burden that oppressed the local traders, the Paristrians gradually became convinced that their future prosperity, much like at the time of the first Bulgarian kingdom, was in their independence from the empire. Once again, this peripheral region began the centre of an independent polity that traced its roots in the past Bulgarian kingdom, but exhibited also some radically different traits.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2022, 12; 29-50
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola koczowników Wielkiego Stepu w transferze idei pomiędzy Europą a Dalekim Wschodem
Autorzy:
Janik, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
China
Korea
Europe
nomads of the Great Steppe
transfer of ideas
inventions
Opis:
This paper discusses the role of nomads in transfer of ideas between Western Eurasia and the Far East (understood as China and the Korean Peninsula). An ongoing contact between European and Central Asian cultures, constantly influenced by Chinese people, had started in the early Bronze Age and has continued until the Middle Ages, when the military power of Asiatic nomads decreased. This influence concerned not only inventions but also horse breeding, new vocabulary and cuisine. The majority of ideas spread only in one direction, from the Far East to Europe. The most famous of them were different types of weapon, such as a sword with annular pommel introduced in the Roman period or powder known from the 13th century, but also horse tack (for example stirrups) and dumplings. The influence of European culture on Asia is less visible, but it included chariots and probably the bronze treatment.
Źródło:
Studia Azjatystyczne; 2015, 1; 18-34
2449-5433
Pojawia się w:
Studia Azjatystyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The attitude of the soviet authorities to the first wave of ‘nomaders’ according to the documents of the ‘special folders’ of the CC CP(B)K
Autorzy:
SHOTAYEV, Madi Tursynbekovich
ALIMGAZINOV, Kairat Shakarimovich
ZHUGENBAYEVA, Gulbanu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142414.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Central Committee of the CP(b)K
Xinjiang
special folders
migration
defectors
nomads
Opis:
The central party organs dealt with all issues of the internal and foreign policy of the republic, led the national economy, public organizations, and personnel policy. Therefore, the documents of the ‘special folders’ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) Kazakhstan reflect various spheres of the life of the republic, which for a long time were not available to researchers due to the highest secrecy stamp imposed. The article deals with one of such areas of the problem – the settlement of Kazakh repatriates and representatives of other nationalities from China, who left during the civil war, collectivization, famine and repressions, who, unable to withstand the attitude of local residents and the persecution of the authorities of the country, republic or regions to which they moved, returned back to Kazakhstan. The ways of solving problems related to their settlement in Soviet farms, organization of trade with them, their cultural services, medical care, their resettlement, maintenance and veterinary services for their livestock are analyzed. Authors describes the reasons and measures to prevent the mass return of "nomads" back to China, despite all the decisions taken, the measures taken by the leadership of the republic in connection with the gaps made by some representatives of local authorities during their placement.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2022, 11; 273-290
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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