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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Similarities and differences in changing NPS market brought by new regulatory approaches in selected Eastern and Central European states with mostly focus on Poland and Latvia
    Autorzy:
    Malczewski, Artur
    Zīle-Veisberga, Agnese
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199399.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
    Tematy:
    New Psychoactive Substances
    Law on New Psychoactive Substances
    post-communist countries
    Opis:
    The main objective of the paper is to explain, compare and conclude the effect on the new psychoactive substances (NPS) market brought by new and innovative responses to regulate the NPS (mostly between 2010 and 2014) in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania. Countries where NPS problem reached the peak, the traditional response or simply substance scheduling did not work. Since the NPS do not fall under market regulations, also the response to the problem was innovative stepping out of the existing system (for example, temporary prohibition in Poland, Latvia). Moreover, a political and social pressure has been a factor to speed up the development of new regulations, sometime affecting the quality. Seemingly harsh sanctions and immediate reaction are main elements to close the NPS street shops. Meanwhile this approach hasn’t caused a step back for chemical industry or science. Still is open question if national regulations against NPS market are fully enough. NPS market reacts very quickly for changing and only very strong and fast reaction from the institutional level seems to be effectiveness. Although NPS market differs in each country, study shows that harsh sanctions such as criminal liability and immediate reaction significantly decrease the availability of NPS, and thus contribute in decreasing acute health problems and prevalence. It was observed that at the time when stricter measure came into force, hospital emergencies were increased (Poland, Romania and in same extent Latvia).
    Źródło:
    Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2019, 9, 2; 10-19
    2084-0497
    2451-2249
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Characteristics of psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders caused by psychoactive substances (F11-19 block), with a focus on NPS and psychiatric co-morbidities
    Autorzy:
    Engelgardt, Piotr
    Krzyżanowski, Maciej
    Piotrowski, Przemysław
    Borkowska-Sztachańska, Małgorzata
    Wasilewska, Agnieszka
    Kowalkowski, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116666.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-03-13
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    addiction
    epidemiology
    psychoactive substances
    drug users
    new psychoactive substances
    psychiatric comorbidity
    Opis:
    ObjectivesThis study analyzed the prevalence of new psychoactive substance (NPS) use in the analyzed group and compared demographic features and psychoactive substance profiles between the 2 subgroups (NPS users, non-NPS users). The secondary measure was used to determine the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in study group and to compare demographic features and psychoactive substance profiles between 2 subgroups (the F11–19 only diagnosed group and the F11–19 group with psychiatric comorbidities according to ICD-10).Material and MethodsA 12-month retrospective cross-sectional analysis of medical records compiled for adult psychiatric patients who had been admitted to the Regional Psychiatric Hospital in Olsztyn, Poland, in October 1, 2016 – September 30, 2017 was conducted. After analyzing the available medical records, 157 cases were included and analyzed. Data for the study were collected in a specially designed monitoring card from discharge reports, including data from psychiatric examinations, especially anamnesis. Results: The most commonly declared psychoactive substances were amphetamine (AMF) – 54% and cannabinoids – 46%. The prevalence of NPS use in the study group was 34%. Inpatients taking NPS, as compared with non-NPS users, were younger and more often admitted to hospital through the Emergency Department. It was also found that NPS users more often took AMF or cannabinoids, and less frequently benzodiazepines (BDZ) or opioids. However, the taking of AMF, cannabinoids and BDZ was also age-dependent.ConclusionsThe prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in the study group was 9%. Inpatients with psychiatric comorbidities were older and took BDZ significantly more often than AMF. In addition, NPS use affects different groups, including a specific group as the analyzed sample, which shows a similar NPS use profile as different groups described in the literature.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 2; 125-136
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analytically confirmed presence of psychoactive substances, especially new psychoactive substances in a group of patients hospitalized with mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances diagnosis
    Autorzy:
    Engelgardt, Piotr
    Krzyżanowski, Maciej
    Piotrowski, Przemysław
    Borkowska-Sztachańska, Malgorzata
    Wasilewska, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085718.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-08-01
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    THC
    epidemiology
    addiction
    new psychoactive substances
    opioids
    amphetamine
    Opis:
    ObjectivesThe study assessed the presence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in comparison to “classic” drugs in the group of newly admitted patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances diagnosis (section F11–19 according to ICD-10).Material and MethodsData from anamnesis and the blood and urine samples were collected from 116 patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use. All of them expressed written informed consent. Analytical confirmation was obtained by highperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Liquid-liquid extraction was used for sample preparation.ResultsIn the sample, 108 (93%) of 116 were positive for psychoactive substances (including 96 cases where >1 substance was found), 69% of individuals were tested positive for opioids and 67% for benzodiazepines. Eleven (9%) of 116 patient samples were positive for NPS. We detected 7 different substances. Six of them were synthetic cannabinoids: PB-22, MDMB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMICA, AB-CHMINACA, MMB-FUBINACA, THJ-2201 and one synthetic cathinone 3-CMC.ConclusionsThe prevalence and NPS profile (the predominance of synthetic cannabinoids) are similar in the group of people with addiction to psychoactive substances as in populations of people taking recreational drugs and the overdose patients admitted to the hospital.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2022, 35, 4; 485-495
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ewentualna przydatność procedur uniwersalnych w pracy z grupami podwyższonego ryzyka. Na przykładzie recepcji programu profilaktycznego „Smak życia, czyli debata o dopalaczach”
    Usefulness of universal procedures at work with high-risk groups on the example of a reception of a preventive programme called “The Taste of Life: A Designer Drugs Debate”
    Autorzy:
    Wojcieszek, Krzysztof A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044132.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    prevention
    high risk group
    new psychoactive substances (NPS)
    universal scenario
    Opis:
    Researchers of the behavior of adolescents from the so-called high-risk groups suggest that due to the high level of problem behaviors (e.g. drinking alcohol, smoking, drug use, violence) the most appropriate preventive work is the harm reduction approach, especially in the case of borderline behaviors such as alcohol use (Pisarska, Bobrowski, Greń, Ostaszewski, 2019: 343). Applying this type of strategy to illegal behavior such as drug use, especially NPS (the so-called legal highs) seems to be a bit more problematic. Meanwhile, the results of research on the reception (process evaluation) of the “Taste of Life Debate” preventive program scenario indicate that selected universal procedures, intended for young people with an average level of risk, can be successfully used in work with young people at risk, as long as they relate to behavior that is not normative in the social sense (such as using NPS). The work is a short comparison of evaluation results in the universal group and in the high-risk group.
    Źródło:
    Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej; 2021, 33; 33-48
    2300-391X
    Pojawia się w:
    Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New psychoactive substances in Poland: An overview of psychodysleptics (lysergamides and tryptamines)
    Autorzy:
    Słonina, Gabriel
    Janczura, Kevin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1163568.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    New psychoactive substances
    designer drugs
    hallucinogens
    lysergamides
    psychedelic therapy
    psychodysleptics
    tryptamines
    Opis:
    New psychoactive substances (NPS) sometimes referred to as “legal highs” or “designer drugs” are psychotropic materials that mimic the effects of other banned illicit drugs but are not always controlled under drug legislation. NPS are typically marketed as “not for human consumption” and are instead labelled and sold as research chemicals in Poland to avoid legislative controls. One of the main NPS classes are hallucinogens. The present paper aims at providing an overview of two groups of psychedelic drugs – lysergamides and tryptamines, and determining their legislation status in Poland. Psychodysleptics have always been of interest to people who want to experiment with their senses and boundaries. They may show beneficial effects which, from a medical point of view indicate the possibility of using them in therapies. NPS that have been described in this paper: 1-Propionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1P-LSD), 6-Allyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide (AL-LAD), 6-Ethyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide (ETH-LAD), 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine (4-HO-MET), 5-methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT).
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2018, 109; 245-262
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polityka walki z nowymi substancjami psychoaktywnymi NSP w Unii Europejskiej – aktualne problemy i wyzwania
    Autorzy:
    Jędrzejko, Mariusz Z.
    Kasprzak, Kaja
    Rewera, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130915.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
    Tematy:
    new psychoactive substances
    legal highs
    prevention
    changes in law
    politics
    European Union
    Opis:
    In the paper the problem of new psychoactive substances has been undertaken, commonly referred to as legal highs (smarts). Their specificity, types, health problems were presented, which are generated by their use, and also prophylactic and legal solutions undertaken by selected countries of the Europe- an Union. Unfortunately, so far, common, consistent legislative solutions have not been developed in different European countries. The rules that apply, they concern the situation in individual countries, there are also many differences in the definition of these substances (legal highs) and the smarts’ problem, which also hinders the policy of fighting new psychoactive substances – new drugs, being even more dangerous to man’s health and life than traditional drugs.
    Źródło:
    Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2018, 2(29); 65-80
    1898-8431
    Pojawia się w:
    Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed substance use patterns, drug market and drug response in Poland?
    Autorzy:
    Malczewski, Artur
    Kidawa, Michał
    Dalmata, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195710.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-05-27
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
    Tematy:
    Covid-19
    drug use patterns
    drugs market
    new psychoactive substances
    drug treatment
    Polska
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the prevalence of substance use. Moreover, the analysis will focus on the impact of the pandemic on the drug market and drug-related crime in Poland. The tested hypothesis assumes that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of substance use and the related problems, and that the availability of drugs decreased. The data presented and processed for the purposes of this publication come from the monitoring of drugs and drug addiction and from different studies from 2020 to 2022. The analyses presented in the article do not show an increase in the use of psychoactive substances during the pandemic; furthermore, it is possible to indicate a decrease in the consumption of alcoholic beverages in 2020. It seems that the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a large impact on the availability and use of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The analysis of the drug market during the pandemic COVID-19 did not show a fall in the availability of drugs at the national level.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2022, 12, 1; 42-58
    2084-0497
    2451-2249
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New psychoactive substances. The phenomenon development and the institutional and legal mechanisms for its prevention
    Autorzy:
    Semków, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451647.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
    Tematy:
    new psychoactive substances
    new drugs
    smart
    legal highs
    herbal highs
    boosters
    prevention
    legal regulations
    criminogenic factors
    Opis:
    The phenomenon observed in many countries for many years is an attempt to bypass the law by launching psychoactive substances on the market whose possession and sale is not regulated by the existing drug law. The number of chemically and biologically modified substances is dramatically increasing and the substances themselves are increasingly stronger and threatening people’s health and lives. Issues relating to the occurrence of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are the subject of increasingly in-depth analyses. In connection with the steadily increasing number of NPS and their substantial availability, there are more and more doubts about the effectiveness of the model adopted in earlier years in Europe and in individual countries, whose purpose is to subject new psychoactive substances to legal control. Based on the information presented in the article, one can assume that the reason for the development of new psychoactive substances to date was, on the one hand, the weakness of the legal regulations in force, both national and international, and on the other, specialized technical and chemical capabilities of manufacturers. Another thesis that can be put in the context of the studied subject is the statement that the phenomenon of new psychoactive substances has a high criminogenic susceptibility and is a decisively negative phenomenon, classified as the pathology of social life. In view of the above, the activities of prevention, detection and control of new psychoactive substances are important in the process of effective fight against NPS. The article does not constitute a comprehensive and complex overview of what NPS are. The aim of the study is a multifaceted analysis of the phenomenon of such substances, which will allow for a deeper understanding of the causes of such a wide scale of NPS, their diversity and ease of accessibility. Considering the above, the article attempts to stress the priority issues according to the article’s author and which are crucial in the process of universally understood NPS prevention – i.e. international cooperation, national legal regulations, and chemical analyses conducted in forensic laboratories.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Modern Science; 2019, 40, 1; 45-64
    1734-2031
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Modern Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Therapeutic Interventions for Addicts in Prisons
    Oddziaływania terapeutyczne wobec osób z uzależnieniem w jednostkach penitencjarnych
    Autorzy:
    Piasecka, Małgorzata
    Podolak, Emil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28763401.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    new psychoactive substances
    drugs
    addiction
    prison
    therapy
    interventions
    nowe substancje psychoaktywne
    narkotyki
    uzależnienie
    jednostki penitencjarne
    terapia
    interwencje
    Opis:
    Zjawisko uzależnienia od substancji psychoaktywnych, w tym tzw. dopalaczy, występuje wśród osób pozbawionych wolności. Brak oddziaływań terapeutycznych lub nieadekwatne oddziaływania skierowane do osób z uzależnieniem mogą stanowić czynniki ryzyka recydywy penitencjarnej. Dlatego ważne jest, aby działania prowadzone w tym zakresie opierały się na metodach udokumentowanych jako skuteczne. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań prowadzonych na podstawie analizy danych zastanych dotyczących programów terapeutycznych wdrażanych na oddziałach w jednostkach penitencjarnych i skierowanych do osób z uzależnieniem od substancji psychoaktywnych innych niż alkohol, w tym od nowych substancji psychoaktywnych. Wyniki badań koncentrują się na identyfikacji poszczególnych elementów programów wynikających z przyjętej ich struktury oraz poziomu uwzględnienia oddziaływań udokumentowanych jako skutecznie w terapii uzależnień. Wnioski i zalecenia wypływające z przeprowadzonych badań źródeł wtórnych pozwalają na wyprowadzenie rekomendacji dla doskonalenia praktyki penitencjarnej.
    The phenomenon of drug addiction is prevalent among prisoners. The lack of therapeutic or adequate interventions for addicts can be a risk factor for recidivism. Therefore, it is important follow methods that have been documented as effective. The purpose of this article is to present the results of an analysis of foundational data on therapeutic programs conducted in prison wards and targeting drug addicts, including those addicted to new psychoactive substances. The results of the research focus on identifying individual elements of the programs resulting from their structure and the level of inclusion of interventions documented as effective in addiction therapy. The conclusions and recommendations from the desk research lead to recommendations for improving penitentiary practice.
    Źródło:
    Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana; 2023, 26, 2; 103-122
    2450-5358
    2450-5366
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nowe substancje psychoaktywne : katynon i jego pochodne
    New psychoactive substances : cathinone and its derivatives
    Autorzy:
    Kurpet, Katarzyna
    Chwatko, Grażyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172450.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    katynon
    alkaloidy
    narkotyki
    czuwaliczka jadalna
    nowe substancje psychoaktywne
    dopalacze
    cathinone
    alcaloids
    drugs
    khat
    new psychoactive substances
    designer drugs
    Opis:
    Cathinone is the major alkaloid found in the Catha edulis plant. The chemical structure of the cathinone is similar to amphetamine, and the difference in their structure is the presence of the ketone group in the beta side chain position. Synthetic derivatives belong to the novel group of psychoactive substances called “legal highs” or designer drugs. Synthetic cathinones are formed by modifications of the cathinone molecule consisting in the attachment of various substituents to the benzene ring and side chain and the use of a nitrogen atom to build the pyrrolidine ring. On this basis, these relationships can be divided into four main groups: N-alkylated, N-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-alkylated and 3,4- methylenedioxy-N-pyrrolidinyl derivatives [1-2]. The simplicity of the synthesis and the availability of substrates favors the continuous process of modifying the cathinone derivatives covered by legal control. Therefore, continuous improvement of cathinone detection methods is extremely important for forensic chemistry. Cathinones easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibiting the uptake of neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin or noradrenaline, and increase their concentration in the synaptic cleft. This leads to increased monoaminergic transmission in the central as well as in the peripheral nervous system, which entails a number of adverse effects [3]. In this article we described the pharmacokinetics, postulated neurochemical mechanisms and pharmacological and toxicological effects of cathinones. The current legal status of cathinone derivatives and selected synthesis methods was also discussed. We believe these information contribute improving public health and safety.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2019, 73, 7-8; 461-489
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Używanie substancji psychoaktywnych jako przejaw zachowań ryzykownych młodzieży szkolnej
    Psychoactive substance use as manifestation of youth risky behaviors
    Autorzy:
    Ostaszewski, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/499224.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Dajemy Dzieciom Siłę
    Tematy:
    młodzież szkolna, zachowania ryzykowne, substancje psychoaktywne, alkohol, nikotyna, marihuana, leki uspokajające i nasenne, substancje lotne, dopalacze, rozpowszechnienie, trendy
    school children, risky behaviors, psychoactive substances, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, sedatives, sleeping pills, solvents, new psychoactive substances, prevalence, trends
    Opis:
    Zachowania ryzykowne są nieodłączną częścią okresu dojrzewania. Podejmując ryzyko, młodzi ludzie uczą się samodzielności oraz zaznaczają swoją niezależność od rodziców i opiekunów. W ten sposób przygotowują się do zadań dorosłości. Z tych powodów na okres dojrzewania przypada największe nasilenie zachowań zagrażających zdrowiu i bezpieczeństwu młodych ludzi. Używanie substancji psychoaktywnych przez młodzież wiąże się z dużym ryzykiem zatruć, wypadków, urazów, uzależnień, zaburzeń psychicznych, konfliktów z prawem, problemów w relacjach z rodzicami oraz szkód rozwojowych. W Polsce, podobnie jak w innych krajach europejskich, alkohol jest najbardziej rozpowszechnioną substancją psychoaktywną wśród młodzieży szkolnej. Na drugim miejscu znajduje się tytoń, na trzecim – marihuana, na czwartym – leki uspokajające i nasenne, a na piątym – substancje wziewne i dopalacze. W ostatnich kilkunastu latach w populacji 15-latków w Polsce spada nieco rozpowszechnienie wskaźników picia alkoholu i palenia papierosów oraz jednocześnie rośnie rozpowszechnienie używania marihuany. Na wysokim poziomie od lat znajduje się używanie przez polską młodzież leków psychoaktywnych i substancji wziewnych. Te tendencje w trendach używania substancji psychoaktywnych odzwierciedlają w dużym stopniu zmiany w społecznych postawach polskiego społeczeństwa wobec różnych rodzajów substancji psychoaktywnych.
    Risky behaviors are an inherent part of adolescence. By taking risk young people learn how to gain self-determination and independence from parents and guardians. In this way they prepare themselves for adulthood’s tasks. For these reasons the prevalence of unhealthy and risky behaviors reaches its peak in adolescence. Youth psychoactive substance use is associated with high risk of intoxication, accidents, injuries, addiction, mental problems, problems with authorities and parents, and adverse effects for youth healthy development. In Poland, just as in many European countries, alcohol is the most prevalent psychoactive substance among school children. Nicotine is on the second place, marijuana takes third, sedatives and sleeping pills fourth, and solvents together with new psychoactive substance take fifth place. In recent years 15-year olds alcohol and cigarette use prevalence has been slightly declining while prevalence of marihuana use has been increasing. Prevalence of sedatives / sleeping pills and solvent use among Polish youth remains high for year. These tendencies in youth substance use trends largely reflect changes in Polish society attitudes towards different kinds of psychoactive substances.
    Źródło:
    Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka; 2017, 16, 1; 132-145
    1644-6526
    Pojawia się w:
    Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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