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Tytuł:
A theoretical analysis of contemporary vessel navigational systems: assessing the future role of the human element for unmanned vessels
Autorzy:
Polemis, D.
Darousos, E. F.
Boviatsis, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
safety at sea
unmanned vessel
human element
vessel navigational system
electronic navigation
bridge instruments
automatic navigation system
autonomous vessels
Opis:
This article aims to investigate the contemporary challenges of electronic navigation and assess the appropriate amendments should autonomous vessel technology becomes widespread in the near future. Vessel control systems and maritime communication are essential and sending and receiving alarm signals is critical to contemporary ship navigation. Numerous location and shipping information systems, such as GPS, Loran-C, and Decca, have arisen in recent decades to improve navigational safety. Other systems, including VHF and Inmarsat, have been developed to enhance the efficiency of maritime communication on board and to transmit risk and safety-related data. Additionally, safe navigation requires systems like Navtex, EGS, DSC, Epirb, and others [1].
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 4; 637--646
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of the multi-criteria navigational safety assessment method for the proposed variants of the designed waterway
Autorzy:
Formela, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201344.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
safety at sea
designated waterway
multi-criteria decision analysis
navigational safety
navigational safety assessment
multi-criteria navigational safety assessment method
navigation safety parameters
navigation safety criteria
Opis:
The article presents an exemplary application of the multi-criteria navigational safety assessment method for the proposed variants of the designed waterway in order to verify it. This method comprehensively considers the most important environmental and technical aspects related to the implementation of the planned investment. The method can be used for the purposes of navigational analysis, i.e. an engineering document that meets the requirements of the regulation of the competent, which subject to agreement with the Director of the territorially competent Maritime Office.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 4; 633--636
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of ship manoeuvring safety in waterway systems by relative navigational risk
Autorzy:
Gucma, Stanisław
Ślączka, Wojciech
Bąk, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11236576.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
sea waterway system
navigational risk
maritime safety
waterways
system morskich dróg wodnych
ryzyko nawigacyjne
bezpieczeństwo żeglugi morskiej
drogi wodne
Opis:
The safety of vessels navigating in the sea waterway system is ensured by fulfilling the acceptable restrictions called safe ship operation conditions in that system. The assessment of navigation safety is particularly important when the conditions for safe operation of ships in the waterway system are changed concerns increasing the maximum parameters of vessels, increasing the allowable hydrometeorological conditions or changing the minimum tug assistance. The article presents a method for assessing navigation safety when the conditions for the safe operation of vessels in the waterway system get changed. The method uses two indicators, which are difference in navigation risks and relative navigation risk. To determine the navigational risk, algorithms were developed for calculating the probability of accidents caused by the deterioration of navigation conditions and technical failure of ship equipment and tugs. Another algorithm was developed for calculating the consequences of the accidents that involve blocking a waterway by a ship anchoring in an emergency, grounding, impact of the ship against a port structure or moored ship and a collision with another ship in motion. The method developed for assessing navigation safety by means of relative navigation risk can be used in practice when changing the conditions for safe operation of vessels in the waterway system and when the system is modernized. Navigational safety management is a decision process that is implemented in the loop presented in the article. The acceptable risk is determined on the basis of vessel traffic intensity and ship parameters defined by safe operation conditions for a given waterway system. Relative navigational risk may be used in assessment and comparison of various conditions of safe ship operation. The probability of an accident caused by ship's moving outside the available navigable area due to technical failures of ship equipment or tugs is determined, depending on the type of port waterway and the manoeuvres performed.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2022, 64, 4; 119--134
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Navigational Casualties within European Waters and Case Study
Autorzy:
Kerbrat, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063951.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
navigational systems
European Maritime Safety Agency
European Waters
navigational casualties
risk of collision
ship collision
maritime accidents
Opis:
Work shortly analyses statistics of maritime casualties registered by European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) for years 2014-2019 and gives short description of chosen collisions that took place in last ten years. Article points out main causes of navigational accidents and the need to keep improving navigators skills and operation of systems available on board to minimalize risk of collision or grounding due to human error. In this work very small sample is presented and author mainly focuses on European waters and incidents investigated by only one maritime authority – Danish Maritime Accidents Investigation Board (DMAIB).
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 3; 729--736
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design and application of an automated smart buoy in Increasing Navigation Safety and environmental standards in Ports
Autorzy:
Bojić, F.
Karin, I.
Juričević, I.
Čipčić, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841522.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Safety at Sea
automated smart buoy
smart buoy
navigational safety
environmental standards
internet of things
Opis:
The growing demand for transportation has brought even larger quantities of traffic in spatially limited port areas. Considering a diverse traffic mix, infrastructural overcapacity and busy schedule, port communities have started to face possible degradation of safety and environmental standards. To mitigate these problems, a number of different monitoring solutions of marine environment were deployed. Since conventional environmental and traffic data gathering by physical monitoring and sampling was logistically complicated and inefficient in time and resources, different approaches had to be considered. With the rise of accessible Internet of Things (IoT) technology some ports already installed smart monitoring devices such as smart buoys. The goal of this paper is to examine the concept and benefits of an automated smart buoy as a cost effective, easy to install device capable of real-time remote information sharing. Furthermore, the design and operational processes of existing automated smart buoy will be presented, along with solutions for tackling navigational safety and environmental problems.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 2; 373-380
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methodology for the Development of Parameters for the Navigational Safety Risk Assessment Model in Port Approaches
Autorzy:
Bojić, F.
Bošnjak, R.
Lušić, Z.
Gudelj, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841523.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
risk assessment
navigational safety
Port Approaches
navigational safety parameters
top-down methodology
Opis:
Risk of an accident is an ever-present component in the maritime transportation process, especially in congested waters such as port areas. Since safety is of crucial importance in the maritime industry, different models of risk assessments were developed to ensure minimal navigational danger. The aim of this paper is the development of modular, dynamic sets of parameters, applicable for future risk assessment models on port approaches by introducing top-down expert appraisal structure methodology organised in three steps. Firstly, approaches and criteria from relevant international recommendations and scientific studies on maritime risk assessment models were analysed and compared, in order to obtain general categories of navigational safety parameters. Secondly, existing risk assessment parameters were structured and combined into new dynamic sets. In the third step, these dynamic sets of parameters were selected, and numerical values were assigned to them according to the specific context of the port. Finally, this top-down methodology aims to provide relevant dynamic sets of criteria for navigational safety risk assessment development that are flexible and widely applicable for the needs and characteristics of different ports.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 2; 365-372
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Understanding the Interrelation between the Safety of Life at Sea Convention and Certain IMO’s Code
Autorzy:
Guevara, D.
Dalaklis, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841521.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
SOLAS Convention
Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships
International Maritime Organization
IMO’s Codes
ISM Code
Safety of Navigation
Navigational Safety Risk Assessment
Opis:
Over the last few decades, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has very heavily utilized the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 Convention as the main legal instrument (and implementation tool) concerning safety at sea for merchant vessels engaged in international trade. During this more than a century of existence and continuous improvement of the Convention, wide-ranging safety risks have been addressed via SOLAS and certain relevant “supporting” Codes, covering for example the issues of design, construction and equipment of ships, as well as paving the way for the introduction of a structured framework of operational procedures that ensures a high level of professional performance for the crew onboard those seagoing vessels (the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention-ISM Code) and even including human factors topics. Until this point in time, the IMO has developed the SOLAS Convention with fourteen (14) chapters that are covering all the main risks associated with shipping operations and are working in parallel with other related Conventions and Codes to enhance the level of safety at sea, under a holistic approach that is working under the principle of interrelation. This paper aims to briefly discuss SOLAS’ history of development and highlight just a few of those important risks that this Convention is addressing, with certain emphasis on the topic of “safety of navigation”. Apart from helping to understand the way this Convention and other IMO’s legal instruments are interrelated, it will also provide a few educated guesses about the “upcoming” challenges that in the near future should also be included into the scope of the SOLAS, with the topic of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MAAS) clearly standing out.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 2; 381-389
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determining the best possible speed of the ship in shallow waters estimated based on the adopted model for calculation of the ship’s domain depth
Autorzy:
Rutkowski, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1573899.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
safe speed
best possible speed
optimal speed
ship’s domain
safety depth
under keel clearance (UKC)
navigational risk factor
ship squat
Opis:
The purpose and scope of this article is to present the best marine practices used to determine the ship’s domain depth (compared to the safety depth parameter in ECDIS) and the safest and best possible speed (also known as optimal speed) of the ship in restricted sea areas limited by the depth of navigation waters. The author also presents a method that can be used to estimate the safe speed of a ship in shallow waters and the so-called navigational risk factor (specified in the range from 0 to 1), using the safety depth parameter specified in ECDIS based on the analysis of a three-dimensional model of the ship’s domain. The essence of the method proposed in this paper is a systematic approach to the operation of a seagoing ship in the aspect of assessing its navigation safety (navigational risk factor) when manoeuvring in restricted sea areas, in particular in shallow waters including navigable canals and fairways.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2020, 3; 140-148
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrology of tidal waters at the glacier terminus and their Impact on hydrographical surveys and navigation safety
Autorzy:
Pastusiak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
navigational safety
hydrology
tidal waters
glacier terminus
hydrographical surveys
spitsbergen
ECDIS
svalbard
Opis:
The data analysed in the paper are related to the hydrology of tidal waters at a tidewater glacier terminus. Set of data was collected in the wide span of time from 2009 till 2015 in the Nordaustlandet and Southwest Spitsbergen near various tidal glaciers terminus. The data are related to tidal phenomenon, calving glacier, drifting ice, hydrology of brackish water from ice of glacial origin and theirs consequences on safety of navigation. Thus, results of analysis of hydrological data may serve for improvement of safety of maritime transport in polar regions on high latitudes in vicinity of tidewater glaciers. The research work was part of the reconnaissance of hydrological and hydrographic conditions for the needs of other studies. Measurements were taken at the Kamavika inlet leading from the Hans Glacier to-wards Hornsund fjord (Southern Svalbard). Based on above data, the causes of disturbances and errors of hydrographic measurements that may occur in area of occurrence of brackish water layer and their influence on errors of digital information displayed in ECDIS systems as well as prediction of ice conditions and safety of watercrafts in vicinity of glacier terminus and on anchorage were described.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 2; 425-431
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of chart data accuracy on the Safety of Navigation
Autorzy:
Acomi, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116845.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
navigational safety
chart data accuracy
chart data
safety of navigation
Category Zones of Confidence (CATZOC)
safety contour
Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC)
ECDIS
Opis:
Conducting navigation by using electronic charts is not an option anymore. With few exceptions, vessels shall carry on board electronic navigational charts and Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems. The official electronic charts are issued by or on behalf of the authority of a Government, authorized Hydrographic Office or other relevant government institutions. These nautical charts are compiled from multiple data sources, some modern and very comprehensive, while others older. The accuracy of data, named “Category Zones of Confidence – CATZOC”, differs among various navigation areas. The navigation officers of the watch rely on the chart data to calculate the safety parameters and to plan the route in advance for the intended voyage. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the impact which the data accuracy has on the safety of navigation. For this purpose, a model vessel was considered in a Strait of Dover bridge simulation scenario, assuming good weather conditions without swell or current. The Safety Contour was defined using a mathematical formula which incorporated the under keel clearance, the squat effect and the tide levels. Then, the Safety Contour was examined considering the chart data accuracy. The results of this analysis contribute to increasing awareness and better understanding of CATZOC influences on the identification of safe waters during navigation.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 2; 411-415
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recommender system for navigation safety: requirements and methodology
Autorzy:
Shilov, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117388.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
navigational safety
navigation safety
methodology
recommender system
maneuverability
recommender system for navigation safety
advanced driver assistance systems
Safety at Sea
Opis:
Low maneuverability of ships together with growing intensity of marine traffic result in new challenges related to navigation safety. This paper reports a research aimed at design of methodology of operation of recommender systems for navigation safety. First, a specification of requirements to systems of the considered class has been carried out. Based on these, the major principles of functioning of such systems have been defined. The principles were a basis for development of the mentioned above methodology, which is based on the usage of context patterns and characterized by the presence of feedback to update the system’s knowledge base.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 2; 405-410
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Use of a full mission bridge simulator ensuring navigational safety during the Klaipeda Seaport development
Autorzy:
Senčila, V.
Zažeckis, R.
Jankauskas, A.
Eitutis, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116642.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
navigational safety
Full Mission Bridge Simulator (FMBS)
Port of Klaipeda
LNG Carrier
Lithuanian Maritime Academy (LMA)
MET System in Lithuania
PIANC
seaport development
Opis:
Full Mission Bridge simulating became a valuable tool to assess the conditions for safe navigation during seaport development. The article presents an overview of the works carried out at the Lithuanian Maritime Academy. The specialists of the Academy together with the pilots of Klaipeda State Seaport performed a number of trainings and tests using Full Mission Bridge simulator, related to navigational safety assessment. Overviewed works concern a wide range of directions: development of the harbour navigation channel, introduction of two-way traffic of ships, ships sailing with tugboats, coordination with vessel traffic service, emergency response of the LNG vessel in case of various scenarios, extremely big ships accessibility studies, the boundary weather conditions assessment and so on.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 2; 417-424
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analyzing the factors affecting the safe maritime navigation for training apprentice officers
Autorzy:
Lee, M. K.
Park, S. W.
Park, Y. S.
Park, M. J.
Lee, E. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116471.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
maritime education and training (MET)
safe maritime navigation
training apprentice officers
simulation based training
ship maneuver simulation
navigational safety
safety at sea
apprentice officer
Opis:
One of the primary factors that affect the safe maritime navigation is the insufficient experience and skill of an apprentice officer, which may be improved using simulation-based training by ensuring operational efficiency. This study aims to determine appropriate factors for achieving effective and intensive simulation-based training of apprentice officers and present the guidelines for such a training scheme. Initially, a marine traffic risk model, which interprets and accurately measures the risk of collision with other vessels, is analyzed to derive the most influential factors in safe navigation. Subsequently, simulation experiments are conducted by applying machine learning to verify the required safe navigation factors for effectively training the apprentice officers. As a result of the above analysis, it was confirmed that the factor affecting safe maritime navigation was the distance from other vessels. Finally, the differences between these distances in the simulations are analyzed for both the apprentice officers and the experienced officers, and the guidelines corresponding to both these cases are presented. This study has the limitation because of the difference between the ship maneuver simulation and the actual ship navigation. This can be resolved based on the results of this study, in combination with the actual navigation data.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 2; 393-399
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
General average in Polish maritime law
Autorzy:
Szymankiewicz, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135072.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
general average
navigational safety
common maritime safety
marine accident
average adjuster
average adjustment
average procedure
York-Antwerp Rules
extraordinary expenditure/expense
sea peril
Comité Maritime International
Opis:
The law of general average is one of the oldest institutions in maritime law, which is still applicable in contemporary shipping. Although the role and function of general average have naturally changed throughout centuries of its history (the main reasons therefor being the popularization of maritime insurance, which evolved much later than the general average) and general average has been and is subject to criticism pointing to its anachronistic nature and redundancy in today’s maritime economic realities. However practice shows that general average continues to resist these accusations and is commonly used in the practice of maritime commercial trade. This article deals with the issue of general average in light of Polish maritime law regulations, the essence and specificity of these legislative solutions concerning the safety of shipping in Poland, and also gives examples of events that occurred at sea that permit the announcement of an act of the general average. This article also presents considerations with regard to arguments in favour of maintaining the institution of general average as a legal instrument used in shipping, as well as critical voices emphasizing the need to eliminate general average as an institution of maritime law aimed at distributing losses, incurred to avoid a common peril, to the participants of a maritime adventure.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2019, 58 (130); 123-127
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimization of LNG terminal parameters for a wide range of gas tanker sizes: the case of the port of Świnoujście
Autorzy:
Gucma, Stanisław
Gucma, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
LNG terminal
port waterways
optimization
navigational safety
restricted areas
terminal LNG
portowe drogi wodne
optymalizacja
bezpieczeństwo nawigacyjne
obszar zastrzeżony
Opis:
LNG terminals are built to handle tankers of specific size, with cargo capacities within a narrow scope. This is related to the differences in cargo, fender and mooring systems used for LNG tanker handling of various sizes. The research problem solved in the article is the development of the method for optimal design of a universal LNG cargo handling facility that enables safe operations of LNG tankers in a wide range of cargo capacity that covers almost entire spectrum of global fleet tanker sizes. The article presents a methodology of optimizing the parameters of LNG cargo terminals to accommodate both small bunker ships with cargo capacity of 500 m3 (50 metres in length) to Q-flex type tankers capable of carrying up to 220 000 m3 (320 m in length). The authors have determined conditions for the safe operation of these tankers in sea LNG terminals and described differences in the construction of cargo, fendering and mooring systems. The optimization of both location and terminal parameters for a wide range of gas tanker sizes as well as approach channels leading to the LNG berths was performed using a specially designed two-stage simulation method of optimization. In the first stage the best location of a universal LNG terminal and its berths in the existing port basin is determined. The second stage defines optimal parameters of approach waterways to the berths of a universal LNG terminal. The optimization criterion at both stages was the minimization of the costs to build and to operate a universal LNG terminal. The developed optimization methodology was actually used in the design of the universal LNG terminal in the outer port of Świnoujście. The tests made use of real time simulation (RTS) and non-autonomous models of ships, in which ship movement is controlled by a human (pilot, captain). Simulation tests were performed on a multi-bridge ship handling Polaris simulator with a 3D projection, from Kongsberg Maritime AS. This full-mission bridge simulator (FMBS) is located at the Marine Traffic Engineering Centre, Maritime University of Szczecin. Two simulation ship movement models were built and verified for testing the manoeuvres of port entry and berthing. These are: Q-flex type tanker (length: 320 m) and an LNG bunker ship, 6,000 m3 capacity, 104 m in length. The test results were used in the design of the universal LNG terminal in the outer port of Świnoujście and approach waterways leading to the berths (now this investment project is in progress).
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2019, 50, 2; 91-100
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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