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Tytuł:
Poles’ Commitment to the Rights of Political Dissenters
Autorzy:
Gołębiowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929381.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-06-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
political tolerance
minority rights
authoritarianism
Opis:
Empirical research on support for democracy and democratic values in Eastern Europe has proliferated in the last decade and a half. Based on survey data from a recent, nationally representative survey of Polish public opinion, I contribute to this growing literature by exploring the dynamics of Poles’ support for the rights of political dissenters. Using multivariate regression analysis, I model the relationships between a variety of socio-political assessments and support for political dissenters’ rights. I find that Poles’ support for the rights of political dissenters is far from uniform and varies as a function of authoritarianism, approval of the government in power, anomie, education, and (marginally) gender. I conclude with a discussion of my findings’ implications for democratic consolidation in Poland.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2006, 154, 2; 231-242
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reliance on International Treaties as a Means of Protecting Minority Rights: An Effective Strategy or Waiting for Nothing? The Case of the Polish Minority in Lithuania
Autorzy:
Szymanski, Charles
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27308711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Minority Rights
Discrimination
Language Rights
Political Action
Opis:
This article focuses on the legal and political impact of international minority rights treaties on the Polish minority in Lithuania. An analysis will be made as to whether and to what degree they have been followed by Lithuania, and, overall, whether they have been effective for the Polish minority in Lithuania. The possibility that they are more of a false promise will also be addressed, and whether or not reliance on international law – perhaps in conjunction with local political action within Lithuania – is a good strategy for Poles in Lithuania. In general, international law norms have not had a direct impact, at least as applied by various international tribunals and other bodies. Cases brought by ethnic Poles before the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights, and the U.N. Human Rights Committee have not yielded significant results. The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities does directly address many of the issues raised by the Polish minority, but it is not enforceable absent enabling legislation. Yet, recent positive domestic legislation and case law in Lithuania have mitigated these concerns, suggesting that political mobilization, using international norms as a benchmark to be obtained, is much more effective than relying on international law on its own.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2022, 21, 2; 335-366
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of democratic conditionality on policy-making in Turkey: Minority rights and the politics of broadcast regulation
Autorzy:
Sümer, Burcu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471345.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
Conditionality
Europeanisation
Turkey
broadcasting
minority rights
Opis:
From the recognition of its candidacy status at the European Council Helsinki Summit in December 1999 to the start of accession talks in October 2005, Turkey has gone through a remarkable process of “Europeanisation” of its public policies to fulfil the candidate criteria. In this period, broad- casting has been one of the first areas that was subject to the European Union (EU) impact. By assert- ing its influence through the enforcement of democratic conditionality, specifically the Copenhagen criterion on “respect for and protection of minorities,” the EU required Turkey to lift all the restric- tions on the enjoyment of cultural rights in Turkey and allow broadcasts in languages other than Turkish, particularly in Kurdish. This article first develops a critique of EU democratic conditionality and then investigates the policy process behind this change in the language policy for broadcasting in Turkey. Turkey’s response to democratic conditionality was directly influenced by prevailing ideas about “the credibility of the EU” as well as calculations of the “costs of compliance.”
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2009, 2, 1(2); 99-112
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sytuacja mniejszości boszniackiej w Sandżaku – wyzwania i problemy
Autorzy:
Mikucka-Wójtowicz, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/678213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Bosniaks
Bosniacs
Sandzak
minority rights
representation of minority
minority question
Opis:
The situation of the Bosniak minority in Sandzak – challenges and problemsAccording to the Population Census 2002, Bosniaks (as Bosnian Muslims have usually been called since 1993), constitute the second largest ethnic minority group in Serbia (136,000 people). They mostly inhabit the south-western end of the country, unofficially named Sandzak. The article focuses on the basic problems relating to how the Bosniak minority is functioning in this area. First of all, these issues include strong political and religious divisions (often sustained, and even inspired, by the central authorities), as well as, the dangers, as yet infrequent, resulting from the activity of organizations representing radical Islamic sects (the so-called Wahabis). An important part of the article is devoted to the issue of the lack of respect for the legally guaranteed cultural rights of the Bosniaks and the politicizing of problems under consideration, both by local elites, and by the central authorities. The author also briefly discusses the origin of the ethnonym Bosniak and the arguments concerning the name of the region inhabited by this minority.
Źródło:
Sprawy Narodowościowe; 2013, 42
2392-2427
Pojawia się w:
Sprawy Narodowościowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Łużyce od wewnątrz – społeczeństwo w oczach serbołużyckich nauczycieli, twórców kultury i polityków. Krótki rys na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych w Budziszynie i okolicach w listopadzie 2011 roku
Autorzy:
Michniuk, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/645415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Sorbs
national identity
endangered languages
minority rights
folklore
Opis:
Lusatia from the inside – a society through the eyes of Sorbian teachers, artists and politicians. A short survey based on research conducted in Bautzen and the surrounding area in November 2011Lusatia is a region in the heart of Europe. The Sorbs – a West Slavic nation, people who have lived in Lusatia for more than 1000 years, is not one homogeneous nation, but is divided into Upper and Lower Sorbs, with two dissimilar languages, two religions and two mentalities. I decided to rediscover Lusatia and talk with the people who are Sorbs. A one month stay in Bautzen was possible thanks to financial and scientific support from the Sorbian Institute (Serbski institut / Sorbisches Institut). Examining the past and current situation of the people in Lower and Upper Lusatia, I focused on their language, history and culture. In my studies I did not want to show the external image of the Sorbs, I did not try to create it either. All I wanted was to find out from the Sorbs themselves from which ‘elements’ does their individual identity originate. I was also interested to discover if Sorbs, as the smallest Slavic nation without their own country, feel more connected to a Sorbian origin, or perhaps to German citizenship.
Źródło:
Adeptus; 2013, 1
2300-0783
Pojawia się w:
Adeptus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Protection of the Right to Education in Minority Language: the Council of Europe’s Standards
Autorzy:
Wiczanowska, Hanna
Szoszkiewicz, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594901.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
linguistic rights
right to education
ECHR
ECtHR
minority rights
UDHR
Opis:
There is neither consensus whether the category of linguistic rights shall be distinguished, nor international agreement on the catalogue of such rights. Nevertheless, access to education in mother tongue constitutes a core element of most of the international and national frameworks of minority protection. Academic and legal disputes are particularly absorbing in Europe, where linguistic policies frequently intertwine with politics (e.g. Cyprus, Moldova, Ukraine). Thus, it is essential to pose the question, whether the right to education in mother tongue is always granted the equal scope of protection or is such protection differentiated by any additional criteria. Most of all, it shall be considered whether the analyzed right has an independent character or its protection is associated with perception of other fundamental rights and freedoms. This paper investigates the scope of the protection of this right within the framework of the Council of Europe.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 4 (47); 742-751
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cultural Autonomy for Minorities in the Baltic States, Ukraine, and the Russian Federation: A Dead Letter
Autorzy:
Yupsanis, Athanasios
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706717.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
cultural autonomy
Estonia
Latvia
minority rights
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Opis:
One of the direct results of the collapse of the former USSR was the emergence of centrifugal ethnic minority nationalisms, which posed a threat to the stability of the then newly-established (or restored in the case of the Baltic democracies) states. In this context, one of the mechanisms introduced by the leading elites in several countries (e.g. Latvia, Ukraine, Estonia, the Russian Federation) in order to address the minority diversity issue, ensure stability, and gain international support (in the case of the Baltic states) was a cultural autonomy scheme, which has its origins in the ideas of the late 19th century Austro-Marxist school of thought. This model was successfully implemented once in the past, in inter-war Estonia. However, its modern application, even in cases when it does not just remain on paper (such as in Latvia and Ukraine), seems to serve other motives (e.g. a restitutional framework in Estonia, control of the non-titular minority elites in Russia) rather than the satisfaction of minority cultural needs, thus making cultural autonomy a dead letter.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2016, 36; 109-135
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Citizenship Policies of the Baltic States within the EU Framework on Minority Rights
Autorzy:
Carpinelli, Cristina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Baltic States
ethnic minorities
generation
minority rights
citizenship law
integration
Opis:
The ethnic landscape in the Baltic States is dominated by one large ethnic minority: Russians. Lithuania is an exception as here the first biggest ethnic minority are Poles, followed by Russians. The Baltic States have also significant Slavic minorities, such as Belarusians and Ukrainians. There are many barriers for people from different ethnic groups to overcome because the Baltic societies are segregated according to ethnicity across a number of dimensions: language, work and geography. During the Soviet period there were separate language schools, a system that reinforced ethnic separation. Labor market was also split along ethnic lines and a large proportion of ethnic minorities lived spatially segregated from the majority group and was concentrated mostly in urban centers. The impact of communist heritage and the construction of the post-communist state order had a negative impact on the integration process of the Russian minorities in those countries. The ethnic Russians had been heavily marginalized as many of them had no citizenship at all. As a result, they had limited access to labor-market and less social protection. However, the accession of the Baltic States to the European Union (EU) has succeeded in significantly changing policies with respect for and protection of minorities in the three Baltic countries. In the last years the ethnic Russians have in fact been partially accommodated through the consistency of the citizenship laws with the European Union norms, which precisely require the protection of minorities and respect for them. The aim of the study described herein is to investigate the historic roots of ethnic segregation between the native Baltic population and the Russian minority and show how the entry of the Baltic States into the EU has facilitated the process of promoting minority rights, especially from the perspective of granting citizenship right to Russian (and Polish) ethnic persons living in those countries.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2019, 2 (48); 193-221
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Społeczno-polityczne uwarunkowania integracji mieszkańców wielokulturowej Łotwy w jednoczącej się Europie
Autorzy:
Jurzysta, Katarzyna
Urlińska, Maria Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050816.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-08-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
ethnicity
minority rights
citizenship
European integration
multicultural education and intercultural bilingual education
Opis:
Economic and political changes in Europe, particularly in the last decade have led to an increase in the cultural diversity of its citizens. Latvia, which received a troubling legacy from the former Soviet Union – a diverse ethnic mix, also found itself EU. In 1989, after nearly fifty years of Soviet domination it regained its independence and stood on the way of reform and transition from a totalitarian to an independent style of governance. Among the many problems that appeared in front of this small country in 2004, there were also those that are lively debated in contemporary Europe. Some of them are laws for immigrants and minority rights. Analysis of past and present situation in Latvia seem to be particularly important to the events which have recently been seen in Ukraine which is an another country of the past Soviet Union – and after 1990 also the Russian – sphere of influence. Article deals with the integration process, with Latvian law regulating issues of citizenship, minority rights and the status of the state language as conforming to international standards. It also deals with the education of national minorities in Latvia. Bilingual education proposed to the minorities has goal to integrate the Latvian society as a whole, to build a multicultural state based on unity. Bilingual education also enables the acquisition of language skills allowing the free movement on the labor market. This ensures both the protection of ethnic and religious identity by providing the understanding of the language and culture of the country of residence. Problems of this young state are still waiting for a solution by the future government in Latvia. This small Baltic country, for ten years, is integrating multinational community of its own country into the tissue of Western Europe to which it was a stranger till the year 2004.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2014, 4(104); 188-210
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Failure of British Multiculturalism: Lessons for Europe
Autorzy:
Fomina, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929411.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-12-29
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
multiculturalism
immigrant integration policies
future common European immigrant integra-
tion policy
diversity management
minority rights vs. individual rights
Opis:
This paper acknowledges the need for greater convergence of immigrant and ethnic minorities integration policies in Europe and critically examines the general conviction that Great Britain is the source of best practice in this policy area. The articles’ main thesis is that contrary to the commonly held view, Multiculturalism as an integration policy is not effective and adequate. This claim is supported by the three groups of arguments. First of all, Multiculturalist policies have led to ghettoisation of the society and ethnically-driven conflicts instead of integration. Moreover, such policies often violate basic principles of democracy and equality as well as abuse individual human rights in the name of the rights of cultural groups. Finally, multiculturalist approach is inadequate especially at the times of “super-diversity,” in other words, unprecedented inter- and intra-group diversification. In conclusion principles for the future common EU integration policy that can be derived from the British experience are suggested.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2006, 156, 4; 409-424
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Human Rights in the Remnants of a Conflict: Has the Legacy of Dayton Impaired Minority Inclusion in Bosnia-Herzegovina?
Autorzy:
Michilli, Adriana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514417.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
inter-religious dialogue
inter-cultural communication
political exclusion
minority rights
post-conflict society legislation
Opis:
More than two decades following the end of civil conflict made possible via Dayton Peace Accords (DPA) instated in 1995, Bosnia-Herzegovina still utilizes this international legal instrument as the sovereign’s official constitution. This paper addresses the impact that the international community’s failure to implement the appropriate locally considerate solutions needed to sustain peacebuilding has left behind. To this end, the paper highlights the quotidian ways in which the socio-cultural landscape of the Bosnian Federation and Republika Srpska remain stratified along ethno-religious divisions. Directing its’ attention on the practical aspects where minorities face discrimination and remain excluded from social spheres the paper calls for a necessary advancement on the human rights protection of safeguarding minority members in both of the country’s de-facto territories. In closing, it argues that society’s schism from the residual consequences of the DPA can be achieved through the practices of change-drivers taking advantage of their training and capacity-building skills in the forms of: inter-ethnic dialogue, inter-cultural reconciliation and inter-religious peace. Constructing competences which demonstrate respect for human rights, encourage co-existence and the equal integration of minority members in society also bear the potential to strengthen the currently fragile relations with the out-group community, reducing a society’s propensity for conflict regression.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2019, 22; 19-30
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mniejszości narodowe w Polsce – zarys historyczno-prawny
National minorities in Poland – a historical and legal outline
Autorzy:
Kundera, Weronika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/924063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
national minority
ethnic minority
minority rights
minority policy of the state
minority population
mniejszość narodowa
mniejszość etniczna
prawo mniejszości
polityka państwa wobec mniejszości
liczebność mniejszości
Opis:
Poland has a centuries long tradition of being a tolerant country, manifested as well by the symbolic offi cial name: Poland of Both Nations (1569–1795). Poles, Lithuanians and numerous national minorities lived side by side in the territory of the Polish Republic and today their descendants are Polish citizens. During the time of partitions Poles maintained strong national community feelings, which subsequently helped in the building of the Second Polish Republic. The reborn Poland was again a multi-national state, however, certain nationalistic feelings started to emerge. After World War II as a result of the extermination of minorities and mass resettlements, the historical multinational character disappeared and the minimal set of rights granted to minorities in the Constitution of 1952 had led to their ethnic exclusion. After March 1968, the rights of minorities had become drastically limited. This continued till the Third Republic of Poland when the policy of the Communist authorities promoting the building of Poland for the Poles had been abandoned and the new government pursued to preserve and protect national and ethnic minorities. Today, members of minorities have the same rights as ethnic Poles, and their rights are guaranteed in the Constitution of 1997 and other legislative acts including the most important one, i.e. the Act on National and Ethnic Minorities and the Regional Language of 2015, which defi nes national and ethnic minorities and determines the competences of the State bodies in the area of enforcing minorities rights. These solutions have secured Poland an opinion of a model state when it comes to the protection of minorities rights. There are nine national minorities offi cially recognised in Poland. Each has a diff erent situation resulting from historical conditions, circumstances, national stereotypes, relationship with the States of their origin and the position of the Polish minority in this State. Two main problems which minorities in Poland are facing today is their shrinking populations and threats to their culture from the Polish and global cultures. Immigration might be a possible remedy but low economic attractiveness of Poland fails to attract new immigrants which means that in the future Poland may practically become a one-nation state.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2016, 4 (16); 109-142
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kulturowy wymiar zbrodni ludobójstwa
Cultural aspects of the crime of genocide
Autorzy:
Głogowska-Balcerzak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596083.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
ludobójstwo,
kulturowe ludobójstwo,
prawa mniejszości,
zbrodnie prawa międzynarodowego
genocide
cultural genocide
minority rights
international crimes
Opis:
This paper examines cultural aspects of the crime of genocide. Although the concept of cultural genocide was rejected by the drafters of Genocide Convention in 1948, the notion appears from time to time in international discourse. It was associated with colonization process and forced assimilation of indigenous people, however some commentators also use it to describe policies of modern states towards minority groups living on their territories. International framework for the protection of minorities and indigenous people can be seen as a substitute for the legal concept of cultural genocide, however the scope of the protection offered by these two areas – international criminal law and human rights law – is substantially different. Yet, cultural considerations play a subsidiary role within binding understanding of genocide, which is reflected in the jurisprudence of ad hoc criminal tribunals, as they help to establish the specific, genocidal intent and to define the outlines of the groups protected. Supporters of the notion point out, that cultural genocide can perform another important role – evidence of cultural genocide should be treated as an early warning that can contribute to prevention of mass atrocities. This is especially important in the light of recent development of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine. To conclude, the international crime of genocide will probably remain limited to the physical and biological dimension, as there is no will of states to expand the notion, however its cultural aspects should not be neglected.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2013, LXXXIX (89); 79-97
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poland? But which? Jewish Political Attitudes toward the Polish State in Formation during World War I
Autorzy:
Marcos, Silber,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/897540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
WWI
Jewish Nationalism
Minority Rights
German occupation of Poland during WWI
Agudas Isroel
Bund
Zionism
Folkism
Opis:
What kind of country are we talking about when we speak of Poland from the perspective of the organized Jewish political leadership in Poland? What should the scope and characteristics of the new Polish state in their view be? What kind of relations should Poland have with neighbouring states, as well as within, among its various populations and societies? The paper explores the changing answers given by different political Jewish leadership in a period of liminality – the interval between two stages and two distinct situations: the imperial order (Austrian and Russian) and the Polish national state. It examines Galicia and the Congress Poland from 1914 to 1918 when the territory was disputed among different empires and nations and its fate was far from clear. The article claims that the different visions of Poland presented by the Jewish leadership were grounded in two assumptions. The first was that the Jews as an integral part of society were legitimately entitled to express their own vision of the future state, the second – that the Jews, as an integral part of society, were entitled to equality on all levels of social life. That is the reason, the article claims, behind the demands for a fair distribution of the state’s resources regardless the mother tongue, religion, or ethno-national identification. The efforts the leaders of the Polish Jewry made to include the Jews as a minority group equal to others in the Polish state took place in the framework of the ethno-national ethos as the constitutive principle of state-building. The changing political circumstances and the growing hegemonic discourse based on the nation and nationality brought, claims the article, to the raising of a new Jewish national leadership during World War I. This leadership became convinced that, in the light of the discriminatory policies and growing anti-Jewish violence, only a mechanism of minority rights could guarantee Jewish existence in Poland.
Źródło:
Przegląd Humanistyczny; 2019, 63(1 (464)); 39-64
0033-2194
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Humanistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tożsamość grup kulturowych w procesie globalizacji
The identity of culture groups in the process of globalisation
Autorzy:
Sorys, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/415995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-06
Wydawca:
Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Tarnowie
Tematy:
grupa etniczna
mniejszość narodowa
kultura
tożsamość narodowa
globalizacja
metropolizacja
prawa mniejszości
ethnic group
national minority
culture
national identity
globalisation
metropolisation
minority rights
Opis:
Postępujący proces globalizacji związany z przemianami politycznymi i gospodarczymi na świecie wywiera istotny wpływ na sferę kultury, przyczyniając się do jej unifikacji i powszechnego przejmowania modelu kultury masowej. Nie pozostaje do bez wpływu na zbiorowości etniczne i mniejszości narodowe, których dążenia do zachowania odrębnej tożsamości realizowane są pod naciskiem kultury danego kraju oraz kultury masowej. W artykule podjęto próbę ukazania czynników, które wywierają wpływ na kształtowanie się odrębności kulturowej grup etnicznych i mniejszości narodowych. Zdefiniowano pojęcia globalizacji i metropolizacji, wskazano na zagrożenia, jakie powodują te zjawiska w sferze społecznej i kulturowej. Przedstawiono pojęcie kultury, zachodzące współcześnie zmiany społeczno-kulturowe polegające na odchodzeniu od społeczeństwa tradycyjnego na rzecz społeczeństwa przemysłowego. Nakreślono pojęcia grupy etnicznej i mniejszości narodowej, pokazano różnice pomiędzy tymi zbiorowościami i współczesne mechanizmy ich powstawania. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na prawa przysługujące mniejszościom narodowym w Polsce na podstawie obowiązujących aktów prawnych. Opierając się na wynikach Narodowego Spisu Powszechnego Ludności i Mieszkań z 2011 roku, zaprezentowano liczebność i rozkład terytorialny największych grup narodowych i etnicznych w Polsce. Przemiany, jakie dokonały się w Polsce po okresie transformacji ustrojowej, stworzyły właściwe warunki dla zachowania i rozwoju kultury oraz tradycji grup mniejszościowych. Prawo polskie jest w tym zakresie dostosowane do wymogów unijnych, nie ogranicza społecznego i kulturowego rozwoju mniejszości narodowych, co przyczynia się do postępującego procesu odradzania się kultur mniejszościowych, wzrostu zainteresowania przynależnością do nich i eksponowania poczucia tej przynależności.
The ongoing process of globalisation associated with global political and economic changes has a significant impact on the cultural sphere, contributing to its unification and universal acquisition of mass culture model. It also influences ethnic communities and national minorities, whose pursuit of preservation of separate identity is carried out under cultural pressure of a given country and popular culture. This article presents an attempt to show factors affecting the formation of cultural diversity of ethnic groups and national minorities. It also defines the concepts of globalisation and metropolisation and shows the threats created by these phenomena for the social and cultural spheres. It presents the concept of culture, contemporary socio-cultural changes involving the shift from traditional society to industrial society. It outlines the concept of an ethnic group and a national minority, differences between these communities and modern mechanisms for the creation thereof. This article highlights the rights of national minorities in Poland in accordance with applicable laws. It also presents the population and territorial distribution of the largest national and ethnic groups in Poland based on the results of the 2011 National Census of Population and Housing. The changes that have occurred in Poland after the political transformation period created good conditions for the preservation and development of culture and traditions of minority groups. In this respect, the Polish law is adjusted to the requirements of the EU and it does not restrict the socio-cultural development of national minorities, which contributes to the ongoing revival of minority cultures, growing interest in belonging with them and exposing that sense of belonging.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie; 2013, 1(22); 155-171
1506-2635
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 39

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