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    Tytuł:
    The Praxeology of Safety According to the Polish Ministry of National Education Program “Safe School”
    Autorzy:
    Iwanowicz, Izabela
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956487.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
    Tematy:
    School digital and physical safety
    prevention
    Ministry of National Education
    school digitization
    Opis:
    Poland’s Ministry of National Education1 issued in August 2017 a document titled Safe School –the threats and recommended preventive measures for [protection of] physical and digital safety of students2. A program started in September 2017 as a set of safety recommendations and guidelines for school heads and school authorities. In its particular components and general outlook, the document focuses on school safety problems, with propositions for their resolve. The whole document consists of two separate parts. The first chapter –Prevention of physical hazards and ensuring physical safety at school – discusses such material factors as the description of a typical school building, its equipment and its surroundings (areas adjacent to school buildings), entry/exit procedure, alarm system, escape routes, and recommendations for school activities in relation to its material factors. It also underlines duties of the school headmaster, teachers and other school staff, based and in relation to the Teacher’s Charter. The second chapter – Cyber threats prevention and digital security at school – is a significant novelty. The Ministry of National Educationdocument provides for all the actors present within school surroundings, and at the same time in the digital space, six separate preventive recommendations, and also a strategic recommendation (action plan) in general. The aim of the article is a presentation of the main premises and contextual analysis of the safety issues presented in it.
    Źródło:
    Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa; 2018, 5; 83-94
    2543-6961
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Professor Henryk Bogdan Samsonowicz (1930–2021)
    Profesor Henryk Bogdan Samsonowicz (1930–2021)
    Autorzy:
    Jasiński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121385.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Henryk Samsonowicz
    medieval studies
    University of Warsaw
    Committee of Scientific Research
    Ministry of National Education
    Opis:
    Professor Henryk Bogdan Samsonowicz was born on 23rd of January 1930 in Warsaw in the family of a known University of Warsaw professor, geologist Jan Samsonowicz (1888–1959) and Henryka Samsonowicz nee Korwin Krukowska (1892–1987). He graduated in history at the Department of Humanity of the Uni- versity of Warsaw, presenting a master's thesis on the policy of Gdańsk in the second half of the 14th century, written on a seminar by Marian Małowist. Pro- fessors Witold Kula and Aleksander Gieysztor have also played an important role in Henryk Samsonowicz's intellectual development, and later, during his stay in France, professor Fernandel Braudel. In 1954 he has defended his doctor's the- sis, and in 1960 received his postdoctoral qualifications based on the famous work “Studies of the patrician capital of Gdańsk in the 2nd half of the 15th cen- tury”. The academic interests of professor Henryk Samsonowicz have initially focussed on the history of the Hanseatic League, and later — on the importance of myth in history and on the beginnings of the Polish state in the 10 th century. In his scientific work he has created a new model of historical narration, which combines various aspects of political, economic and cultural life in one whole. He has published over a thousand reviews, articles and dissertations in print. He has occupied a series of important positions he was, among others, a dean of the De- partment of History of the University of Warsaw; during the times of “Solidarity” he was appointed as the Chancellor of the University of Warsaw. In 1989 he be- came the Minister for the National Education in the first non-communist govern- ment of Tadeusz Mazowiecki. He was an acclaimed organiser of popularisation of historical knowledge in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Nauka; 2021, 4; 173-185
    1231-8515
    Pojawia się w:
    Nauka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kształcenie uczniów o specjalnych potrzebach edukacyjnych w świetle Rozporządzeń MEN z 17 listopada 2010 r. Tworzenie Indywidualnego Programu Edukacyjno‐Terapeutycznego
    Training of special education needs students in the light of Order of the Ministry of National Education of 17.11.2010. Creating Individual Educational and Therapeutic Program
    Autorzy:
    Marciniak‐Paprocka, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141710.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-07-09
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
    Tematy:
    children with special educational needs
    Educational and Therapeutic Program
    Orders of the Ministry of National Education of 17.11.2010
    uczniowie ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi
    IPET
    rozporządzenia MEN
    Opis:
    17.11. 2010 r. weszły w życie rozporządzenia MEN dotyczące kształcenia uczniów ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi. Zobowiązują one do tworzenia specjalistycznej dokumentacji, takiej jak Indywidualny Program Edukacyjno‐Terapeutyczny.
    The newest Orders of the Ministry of National Education of 17.11.2010 relate to aid activities in relation to children with special educational needs. One creates a special Educational and Therapeutic Program including statement concerning the need of special education from a psychological and pedagogic clinic and mutli‐specialist child functioning evaluation.
    Źródło:
    Student Niepełnosprawny. Szkice i rozprawy; 2012, 12(5); 39-51
    1689-6416
    Pojawia się w:
    Student Niepełnosprawny. Szkice i rozprawy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dwie dekady systemu egzaminów w oświacie - zewnętrzne ocenianie osiągnięć uczniów
    Two Decades of Examination System in Education – External Verification of Students’ Achievements
    Autorzy:
    Zaleski-Ejgierd, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041317.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-04
    Wydawca:
    Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
    Tematy:
    egzaminy zewnętrzne
    system oświaty
    Centralna Komisja Egzaminacyjna
    Ministerstwo Edukacji Narodowej
    funkcje egzaminów
    external exams
    education system
    Central Examination Board
    Ministry of National Education
    exam functions
    Opis:
    Egzaminy zewnętrzne stanowią jeden z podstawowych elementów polskiego systemu oświaty, dzięki któremu poznajemy efekty kształcenia. Mogą też oddziaływać na kwestie programowe czy zarządzanie. Pomimo istotnych nakładów na modernizację ich systemu, po dwudziestu latach funkcjonowania wymaga on istotnych zmian. Dowodzą tego wyniki systematycznie przeprowadzanych kontroli NIK.
    Two Decades of Examination System in Education – External Verification of Students’ Achievements The system of external examinations, which verify the fulfilment of the requirements set out in the core curriculum, was introduced as a result of the education reform in 1999. In 2016, as a result of the liquidation of middle schools and transformation of six-year elementary schools into eight-year schools, and secondary schools into four or five-year schools, the structure of external examinations has changed. That is why NIK, one more time, has evaluated the functioning of the system and its impact on the quality of education. The author of the article, on the basis of the results of the latest audit and of the previous ones, presents a critical pinion on the examination system: it was tailored to the education system that was introduced twenty-one years ago, but after the first successful decade, it is no longer innovative and does not meet the current needs. The amount of PLN 245,748,600 that was spent on the examina tion system in the years 2007–2013 did not, unfortunately, lead to its modernisation.
    Źródło:
    Kontrola Państwowa; 2020, 65, 2 (391); 42-70
    0452-5027
    Pojawia się w:
    Kontrola Państwowa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czy szkoła jest bezpieczna dla uczniów? Skala przestępczości
    Is the school safe for students? The scale of crime
    Autorzy:
    Chodak, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/452324.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
    Tematy:
    safety
    school
    students
    youth
    adolescents
    crime
    crime statistics
    police,
    Ministry of national education
    teachers protection
    bezpieczeństwo
    szkoła
    studenci
    młodzież
    przestępczość
    statystyka przestępczości
    policja
    Ministerstwa Edukacji Narodowej nauczyciele
    ochrona
    Opis:
    Safety is the most important value for every human being. Everyone wants to feel safe in your home, in your place of residence, work, school and shopping. Sense of security gives each man a free development and functioning. Safety in school is one of the most important elements affecting the development of bedded and geeky. To answer the posed in the title of the question about whether the school is safe for students? In the remainder of this article I will present statistical data on crime among young people and an analysis of these data. Analysis of the information can be presented by the Ministry of national education.
    Bezpieczeństwo jest najważniejszą wartością dla każdego człowieka. Każdy chce czuć się bezpiecznie w swoim domu, w swoim miejscu zamieszkania, w pracy, w szkole i na zakupach. Poczucie bezpieczeństwa daje każdemu człowiekowi możliwość swobodnego rozwoju i funkcjonowania. Bezpieczeństwo w szkole jest jednym z najważniejszych elementów mających wpływ na rozwój osobowy i naukowy ucznia. Aby odpowiedzieć na postawione w tytule pytanie „Czy szkoła jest bezpieczna dla uczniów?”, w dalszej części artykułu przedstawię dane statystyczne dotyczące przestępczości wśród młodzieży oraz analizę tych danych. Analizie zostaną poddane również informacje prezentowane przez Ministerstwo Edukacji Narodowej.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Modern Science; 2016, 28, 1; 179-194
    1734-2031
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Modern Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Edukacja medialna w polityce oświatowej instytucji państwowych oraz działaniach organizacji pozarządowych w Polsce
    Media literacy in the educational policy of state institutions and the activities of non-governmental organizations in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Gosek, Małgorzata
    Adamski, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343891.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
    Tematy:
    edukacja medialna
    Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji
    Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki
    media literacy
    National Broadcasting Council
    Ministry of Education
    Opis:
    W dobie przyspieszenia rozwoju sztucznej inteligencji i nasilających się negatywnych efektów oddziaływania mediów na dzieci i młodzież, coraz ważniejsza staje się dopasowana do nowych wyzwań edukacja medialna. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, jak instytucje państwowe w Polsce realizują zadanie edukacji medialnej, zwłaszcza skierowanej do dzieci i młodzieży. Cel zostanie zrealizowany poprzez analizę polityki oświatowej instytucji państwowych – to znaczy ministra odpowiedzialnego za kwestie oświaty w Polsce oraz Krajowej Rady Radiofonii i Telewizji. Autorzy odniosą się również skrótowo do działań organizacji pozarządowych zaangażowanych w edukację medialną. Omawiane w artykule zagadnienia opracowane zostały w oparciu o analizę dokumentów, aktów prawnych oraz literaturę przedmiotu. W pierwszej kolejności nakreślono rolę Ministerstwa odpowiedzialnego za kwestie edukacji (w zależności od okresu historycznego, miało ono różne nazwy i zakres kompetencji) i przedstawiono wnioski z analiz dokumentów prawnych regulujących edukację medialną uczniów i nauczycieli. Następnie zarysowano rolę Krajowej Rady Radiofonii i Telewizji (KRRiT) w edukacji medialnej. W kolejnym kroku omówiono działania organizacji pozarządowych i wybrane projekty dotyczące edukacji medialnej. Na koniec zostały podsumowane wnioski ze zgromadzonych analiz i zweryfikowany cel artykułu.
    In an era of accelerating development of artificial intelligence and intensifying negative effects of the media on children and adolescents, media literacy education tailored to the new challenges is becoming increasingly important. This article aims to answer the question of how state institutions in Poland carry out the task of media education, particularly aimed at children and adolescents. The goal will be achieved by analyzing the educational policy of state institutions – that is, the minister responsible for education in Poland and the National Broadcasting Council. The authors will also briefly refer to the activities of non-governmental organizations involved in media literacy. The issues discussed in the article were developed based on the analysis of documents, legal acts and literature on the subject. First, the role of the Ministry in charge of education issues is outlined (depending on the historical period, it had different names and responsibilities) and the conclusions of the analysis of legal documents regulating media education of students and teachers are presented. Next, the role of the National Broadcasting Council (KRRiT) in media education was outlined. In the next step, the NGOs’ activities and selected media education projects were discussed. Finally, the conclusions of the collected analysis and the revised purpose of the article were summarized.
    Źródło:
    Społeczeństwo i Polityka; 2023, 3(76); 81-98
    1733-8050
    Pojawia się w:
    Społeczeństwo i Polityka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zasady funkcjonowania Komisji Edukacji Narodowej jako pierwszego Ministerstwa Oświaty
    The Rules According to Which the Commission of National Education (KEN) Functioned as the First Ministry of Education
    Autorzy:
    Bednarski, Łukasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1944818.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Komisja Edukacji Narodowej
    Towarzystwo do Ksiąg Elementarnych
    wizytator
    Ministerstwo Oświaty
    szkolnictwo
    Commission of National Education
    Society for Elementary Books
    school inspector
    Ministry of Education
    educational system
    Opis:
    The present study discusses the issue of the supreme school authorities of the last decades of the 18th century in the First Polish Republic. The rules according to which the Commission of National Education (KEN) functioned as well as its political position are characterized. The main subject of the work is showing in what way the KEN was independent of the authorities of the state, owing to which we may talk about the institution as the first Ministry of Education. The origin of the Commission is discussed against the background of education reforms in selected European countries like Prussia, Austria and France. However, these countries did not establish so independent education departments as it was the case with Poland. Apart from this institutions are discussed that were parts of the KEN, and without which it would be impossible to effect the reforms, namely, the Society for Elementary Books and the office of General Inspectors. The former one was responsible for curricula and handbooks, but it often had to take over part of the duties of the very KEN. The inspectors were a kind of a link between the central education authorities and schools all over Poland; they also supervised effecting the reforms and passed the postulates formulated by the education system employees to the Commission. In the conclusion the effects of the KEN's work and its influence on the society harassed by the partitions are summarized. The whole allows the reader to have a closer look at the functioning of the schooling system of that time from the historical-legal perspective.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2009, 57, 2; 99-110
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Police Academy in Szczytno in difficult times
    Autorzy:
    MĄDRZEJOWSKI, WIESŁAW
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1798747.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-17
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    Police Academy
    Ministry of the Interior and Administration
    National Police Headquarters
    higher education institution
    scientifi c and research centre
    university status
    specialist training
    executives
    Opis:
    In 2003–2005, the Police Academy was in the process of losing its academic status as a centre designed to prepare police executives. According to the adopted assumptions, the Academy was to become an institution preparing police personnel at the basic and specialist levels. In May 2004, the new Commandant-Rector, on the basis of opinions of the police community, research conducted in the Academy, and his own experience in service in various police units, prepared a plan to maintain the status of a university, and develop the university as a training and scientifi c centre. Thanks to the enormous work done by the school personnel and police offi cers from all over the country supporting the Academy, and thanks to the support obtained from many scientifi c centres, the programme was implemented very quickly. Comprehensive assistance was also obtained from the regional authorities and Members of Parliament from all political backgrounds. The Police Academy in Szczytno as a public service university was included in the new Higher Education Act. After a few months, the effects of these undertakings prompted the management of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, and the National Police Headquarters to make a decision on granting the school a new statute appropriate for a higher education institution, restoring university structures and enrolling new students for previously suspended undergraduate studies for police offi cers. All of the undertakings encountered unprecedented interest.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Policyjny; 2021, 1(SPECJALNY); 122-141
    0867-5708
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Policyjny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Patriotyzm uczniów klas mundurowych objętych programem pilotażowym MON
    Patriotism of uniformed classes youths in the pilot program of the Ministry of National Defence
    Autorzy:
    Kamiński, Karol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465505.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-03-01
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej
    Tematy:
    patriotyzm
    duma
    wstyd
    klasy mundurowe
    klasy wojskowe
    program pilotażowy MON
    edukacja proobronna
    młodzież
    patriotism
    pride
    shame
    uniformed classes
    military classes
    pilot program of the Ministry of National Defence
    pro-defence education
    youth
    Opis:
    Od początku lat 80. widoczny jest postęp w rozwoju technologii informacyjnej, którą bezsprzecznie stał się Internet. W ostatnim okresie zaobserwować można szczególnie ekspansywne działanie nowoczesnych technologii i ich wpływ na postrzeganie życia i ładu społecznego. Coraz większy i prężniejszy rozwój spowodował, iż socjologia społeczna zaczęła interesować się rolą techniki w życiu społecznym. Analiza literatury przedmiotu uwydatnia wzrost liczby publikacji naukowych dotyczących wpływu rozwoju technicznego na społeczeństwo. Ważnym tematem stało się badanie zagrożeń, które niesie ze sobą technika elektroniczna. Na przykład systemy socjotechniczne mogą ulegać patologii, a tym samym wywoływać zagrożenia o zbyt nadmiernym ryzyku. Obecnie krystalizuje się obraz wpływu mediów elektronicznych na politykę, gospodarkę, suwerenność państw, a także bezpieczeństwo ludzi. Szybkość, bezpośredniość, szerokość dostępu do informacji i brak możliwości pełnej kontroli powodują powstawanie społeczeństwa posiadającego określone zainteresowania, wzorce zachowań. Dobrodziejstwo dostępu do informacji niesie jednak ze sobą podstawowe i najpopularniejsze zagrożenie, mianowicie hejt. Hejt staje się obecnie etiologicznym czynnikiem wywołującym przestępstwa na tle nienawiści. W niniejszej publikacji dokonam analizy wpływu hejtu jako przejawu patologicznych zachowań w społeczeństwie.
    The hate, as a manifestation of pathological behavior and the consequence of techno-logical development. Since the beginning of the 80-ties, we can watch much of progress in the development of information technology that the Internet undoubtedly has become an instance of. Especially in recent years, we can see a rather expansive expansion of modern tech-nologies and their impact on the perception of life and social order. Increasingly bigger and more robust development caused the sociology of society to take an interest in the role of technology in society life. Analyzing literature of this topic, we can enhance a great number of scientific publications on the effects of technological development on society. As an important issue we can see a study of threats which are carried by electronic equipments. It can be indicated that social engineering systems may succumb to the pathology, and thus cause menaces of too excessive risk. Currently, the image has been taking shape to show that the electronic media affect politics, economy, sovereignty of co-untries, as well as the safety of people. Speed, immediacy, width of the access to in-formation, the inability to fully control/monitor it, causes formation of the society with certain interests, and patterns of behavior. Boons of the access to information, however, bring along the basic and most common menace which is namely the hate itself. The hate is now becoming an etiological factor, evoking crimes to which the hatred gives rise. In this publication, I will anatomize the influence of the hate, as a manifestation of pathological behavior in the society.
    Źródło:
    Bezpieczeństwo Obronność Socjologia; 2018, 9/10; 6-28
    2450-8489
    Pojawia się w:
    Bezpieczeństwo Obronność Socjologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Walka o utrzymanie narodowego (demokratycznego) ideału wychowawczego w polskiej oświacie w latach 1944-1947
    The Struggle for Maintaining the National (Democratic) Educational Ideal in Polish Schools in 1944-1947
    Autorzy:
    Składanowski, Henryk
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953895.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Szkolnictwo
    Tajna Organizacja Nauczycielska
    Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego
    Polska Partia Robotnicza
    Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe
    Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej
    Ministerstwo Oświaty
    Związek Nauczycielstwa Polskiego
    education
    Clandestine Teachers' Organization (TON)
    Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN)
    Polish Workers' Party (PPR)
    Polish Peasants' Party (PSL)
    Provisional Government of National Unity (TRJN)
    Ministry of Education
    Polish Teachers' Association (ZNP)
    Opis:
    After the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN) had been established, Communist education activists came to Poland from the Soviet Union. The group was led by Dr Stanisław Skrzeszewski who was appointed Head of the Education Department in Lublin. In order to draw teachers to work in the Polish school that was being rebuilt, they had to completely change the views of education they had propagated before. These were tactical actions supposed to neutralize the teacher circle's unfavorable or hostile attitudes. This resulted from the fact that the education structure of the London Government Delegation and the Clandestine Teachers' Organization (TON), working on the liberated lands, were under the influence of the Peasants' Party (SL), and they did not join the new authorities' organizational work, as they did not trust the Polish Workers' Party or the National People's Council. This is why in the “Appeal to the Polish Teachers” issued on 1 August 1944 by the Education Department in Lublin it was, among others, stated, that “The teacher has a complete freedom of democratic political views, speech and actions, according to his views”. The people managing the Education Department, knowing the moods prevailing in the society, did not want to introduce radical changes at the initial stage, and the curriculum, including history, was the same as the one before the war. This is proven, among others, by the “Directions for organizing public primary schools in the school year 1944/45”. Such actions resulted from the social-political situation obtaining in Poland at that time. The new authorities did not want to indispose the Polish society and the teachers towards themselves, as the Communist education activists coming from the USSR were already looked at with suspicion. They were also afraid for their own future fate, as the PKWN, and then the Provisional Government were not recognized by the two remaining superpowers of the anti-Hitler coalition, that is, the United States and Great Britain. This had a great influence on the compromise solutions decided on in the field of education. In the new Provisional Government of National Unity (TRJN) appointed on 28 June 1945, on the basis of the agreement between the three superpowers concluded in Jalta, a Polish Peasants' Party (PSL) activist, the president of the Polish Teachers' Association (ZNP), Czesław Wycech became Minister of Education. When Czesław Wycech took over the function of the minister, the Communists, partly debarred from the posts of authority, still tried to influence the crucial decisions, keeping some of the most important positions. Żanna Kormanowa, an education activist who came from the Soviet Union, is a good example here. She had the key function of the Head of the School Reform and Curricula Department. Despite fears of losing it the Communists were able to keep the position. Formally not controlling the Ministry of Education, they in fact had a lot of influence on the curricula that were being prepared. Many PPR activists knew that establishing the TRJN was a necessary compromise. However, they could not understand why the party had given up just this ministry, as their educational work done so far was assessed as very good by the party leaders. They thought that reconstructing the contents of school education in history and forming a new, communist educational ideal, were an indispensable condition in the planned ideological attack. In this way a situation arose, in which the changes in education were being introduced by teachers connected with PSL, who did not agree with the former Ministry of Education's conception of reform. They did not accept the education ideal postulated by PPR, either. On the contrary, the main educational aims, which the Ministry of Education headed by the PLS pursued, were: “the principles of democracy understood as respect for human rights for freedom, for full development, for participation in material and cultural achievements according to one's work and abilities, as aspiration for dividing hardships and burdens that an individual has to bear for the common good”. These aims proved that the PSL wanted to build a fully democratic state, which was contrary to the principle of “the dictatorship of the proletariat” proclaimed by the PPR. However, in the situation that obtained at that time the Communists had to tolerate the views presented by the Ministry of Education. Until the forged elections of 1947 the Ministry tried to resist the PPR's influences and aimed at democratic changes in Poland, which was reflected, among others, in the curricula that were then issued. Having seized all the power in 1947 the Communists started putting into effect the ideals of education based on Marxist-Leninist ideology, alien to Polish people. Deserted in its struggle for democracy the PSL, supported practically by the Church alone, subjected to repressions and exposed to actions aiming at its dissent, was not able to defend the democratic and national education. The education ideas proclaimed by the PSL after the war were returned to practically only after the rise of the “Solidarity” trade union in 1980, and started being put into effecty after the breakthrough of 1989, when Poland regained full independence.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2004, 52, 2; 57-70
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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