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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    New Conditions and Changing Image of Military Forces in the Early 21st Century. Readiness to Unlimited Violence?
    Autorzy:
    Piątek, Jarosław J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027987.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Military Theory
    Military Forces
    Opis:
    Today’s world undergoes unbelievably rapid changes in the main spheres of social life. Nearly everyday we can see spectacular socio-political, economic, cultural, science and technological transformation. Rules previously typical for an industrial society became obsolete. The third wave of civilization development and information society emerges. Increasingly more often production capacity enables manufacturing goods considerably saturated with modern knowledge to develop into highly advanced technologies. New forms of production developed, including soft ware, media, advertising, consulting, and public relations. Consequently, the stage of relative stabilization comes to its end and threats result from the lack of ability to follow continuous changes.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2008, 37; 31-42
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Development of Russian Military Thought: the Russian Empire and the Soviet Period and Their Legacies
    Autorzy:
    Aliyev, Nurlan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2092160.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
    Tematy:
    military
    military strategy
    warfare
    Russian Empire
    Soviet Union
    Russian military thought
    non-linear warfare theory
    Opis:
    Military thought and military issues traditionally played an important role in Russia’s history. Even economic, political, social and educational reforms were mainly triggered by the needs related to military issues – preparation for wars or unsuccessful military campaigns of the Russian Empire (between the 17th and 19th centuries against Poland and Ottoman Turks and in the 20th century by Russia’s defeat in the war against Japan). It should be noted that the reforms during the reigns of Peter the Great and Catherine II and also in the 19th century, were introduced under military and external security challenges. In this regard, after the seizure of power, despite their tremendous critics on Tsarist government militarization policies, Bolsheviks hugely relied on military power too. The military affairs were doctrinalized during the Bolsheviks rule for the first time in Russian history. This paper analyzes the military thought in the Russian Empire in the end of the 19th century and its transformation during the first years of Soviet rule in the early 20th century. It also studies discussions among the Soviet political and military elite on theoretical and practical facets of the military and methods of waging war in 1920s as well as explores the creation of the Russian non-linear warfare theory, the only warfare concept of the Soviet Union which is recognized worldwide. The paper concludes that the thought dating back to those periods is also used in contemporary Russia.
    Źródło:
    Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2018, 54, 3; 201-216
    0209-0961
    Pojawia się w:
    Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Dynamics of the Contemporary Military Role: In Search of Flexibility
    Autorzy:
    Mazurkiewicz, Agata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647651.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    Role theory
    military role
    warrior
    peacekeeper
    internal-external security nexus
    role theory
    Opis:
    The article offers an overview and reflection on the dynamics of the military role taking into account different security contexts and significant others. It analyses two dominant types of military roles: warrior embedded in the realistic perspective on security and peacekeeper grounded in the liberal approach. Finally, it examines the dynamics of the modern military role in the light of the internal-external security nexus. The article shows that the contemporary military role needs not only to combine warrior and peacekeeper roles but also develop some new elements in order to meet the requirements of the contemporary security context.The article begins by setting a theoretical framework that allows for an analysis of drivers of change of the military role. It then moves towards an examination of the contextual drivers of change which influence the two traditional conceptualisations of military role: a “warrior” and a “peacekeeper”. Next, the article turns towards the topic of internal-external security nexus as characteristic to the contemporary security context. Finally, it considers the contextual drivers of change within two areas of military involvement: domestic counter-terrorism operations and cyber security. The article ends with three main conclusions. Firstly, the contemporary military role requires more adaptability with regards to referent objects. Secondly, the contemporary military role requires more flexibility with regards to countering threats and the application of violence. Thirdly, the flexibility of the contemporary military role is necessitated by close collaboration with other actors who participate in provision of security.
    The article offers an overview and reflection on the dynamics of the military role taking into account different security contexts and significant others. It analyses two dominant types of military roles: warrior embedded in the realistic perspective on security and peacekeeper grounded in the liberal approach. Finally, it examines the dynamics of the modern military role in the light of the internal-external security nexus. The article shows that the contemporary military role needs not only to combine warrior and peacekeeper roles but also develop some new elements in order to meet the requirements of the contemporary security context.
    Źródło:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2018, 25, 2
    1428-9512
    2300-7567
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Potyczki w stosowaniu teorii ugruntowanej w badaniu studentów niepełnosprawnych
    Skirmishes in the application of Grounded Theory in the study of disabled students
    Autorzy:
    Bełza, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16538896.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Nauk Pedagogicznych PAN
    Tematy:
    grounded theory
    a disabled student
    military metaphor
    skirmish
    Opis:
    The article introduces disabled University Students research conducted with the use of grounded theory strategy. The author with the help of metaphors released skirmish that may occur for a young researcher who uses grounded theory. The aim of the paper is a thesis that the application of this strategy requires from the researcher not only a knowledge of procedures, discipline and extensive knowledge but also, and perhaps above all, subtle reflectivity. It was explained also the relationship between the two areas (Grounded Theory and battle metaphor). Then, the author points to the skirmishes that happened to her in the research of students with disabilities in accordance to the strategy of grounded theory. They can occur, however, in any other areas of young researcher. The final conclusion of the use of skirmish metaphors, which was used in relation to the examination procedure, may be used to descriptions of the area under consideration as well.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Pedagogiczny; 2016, 39; 133-142
    0137-9585
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Pedagogiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reflexive Serendipity. Grounded Theory and Serendipity in Disaster Management and Military Research
    Autorzy:
    Alvinius, Aida
    Starrin, Bengt
    Larsson, Gerry
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2107216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-07-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Grounded Theory
    Serendipity
    Reflexive Serendipity
    Military Sociology
    Disaster Management
    Opis:
    Grounded Theory (GT) is a research method that allows the researcher to make discoveries without a priori knowledge, and allows an open mind not an empty head. The use of this method is also desirable for serendipity to occur in the research process. This article therefore aims to chronologically present how serendipity has grown over time in the use of the GT method in a field of research focusing on highly demanding conditions such as disaster management and military operations. We will discuss a new concept, namely, reflexive serendipity, which encompasses the conditions required for making discoveries in the interview analysis. These may be contextual aspects and the role of the researcher, which includes having an open mind and the necessary perseverance and discipline to be able to succeed with GT and serendipity.
    Źródło:
    Qualitative Sociology Review; 2016, 12, 3; 28-42
    1733-8077
    Pojawia się w:
    Qualitative Sociology Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the variable of strategic culture: Modus operandi of military interventions in the Middle East
    Autorzy:
    Bivainis, Andrius
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576415.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-03-07
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    the neoclassical realist theory
    military interventions
    strategic culture
    Middle
    East
    Opis:
    The research subject of this article is the variable of strategic culture that has been subjected to some academic inertia since the Cold War period. The aim of this article is to define practical implications of the strategic culture through the prism of the neoclassical realist theory. It supports the argument that military interventional precedents in the Middle East since 2011 have been revealing adaptive considerations of the strategic culture as an intervening variable that implies interventional military decisions by the U.S. and its coalition partners. The first part of the article defines the precise role of this intervening variable as military interventional precedents are researched. This task is conducted by defining the general understanding of interventional initiatives, revealing structured assumptions of the neoclassical realist theory, and reconsidering the role of the strategic culture within that theoretical framework.The second part of the article shifts the attention to supportive empirical considerations regarding the strategic culture and perception of operational ideas – two specifi cally highlighted neoclassical realist assumptions. The article discloses that Western strategic culture is a changing intervening variable with a different level of permissiveness. A changing continuum of permissiveness is implied by interventional experiences that shape perception of the structural environment and dictate preferences for the power scale of interventional decisions. From this, the level of the structural environment’s permissiveness is defined. This permissiveness is associated with capabilities for implementing political objectives without further escalations of military power. Once the systemic environment becomes more permissive, the possibility of activating military intervention of various force-escalation becomes more conceivable.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 23, 1; 97-125
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preparing for future security challenges with practitioner research
    Autorzy:
    Last, David
    Morris, Travis
    Dececchi, Bernadette
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576445.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-01-28
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    professional military education
    practitioner research
    future security
    legitimation code theory
    Opis:
    Mid-sized countries face a changing security environment, and cannot be certain that the knowledge and practices of the past will serve the future. The officers, professors, and researchers in defence universities are the custodians of military sciences that must adapt to these changing situations. Practitioner research should be modelled and encouraged in defence universities as a vehicle for advancing military sciences to meet new challenges. Previous practitioner research in higher and adult education has highlighted the need for experiential learning in other professions. The authors report on practitioner research by professors at pre-commission military academies to improve cadets’ understanding of peace and conflict. Military and police education is often experience-based, but there are few reports of practitioner research on its effectiveness, nor of combining peace and conflict education with out-of-classroom experiences. Legitimation Code Theory provides tools for understanding different teaching approaches. Comparing four cases of practitioner research on experiential learning the authors present models for practitioner research on teaching peace and conflict through out-of-classroom experiences, and conclude with means of evaluating learning experiences by pre-commission cadets, drawing on legitimation code theory. This is increasingly important for military academies striving to meet academic standards, but also to preserve professional values and young officer motivation to confront new challenges.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 24, 2; 105-122
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Crimea Problem (2014): A Theoretical Reconstruction from the Perspective of the International Relations Theory
    Autorzy:
    Romanyuk, Rostyslav
    Romanyuk, Nataliya
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643088.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
    Tematy:
    the Crimean crisis
    Ukraine
    international relations theory
    international security system
    military aggression
    Opis:
    The article aims to present the current situation in Ukraine through international relations theory that is able to provide the necessary theoretical background to analyse the complex problems that unfold in the contemporary international environment. These problems are analysed through several perspectives including realist, postmodern and socialconstructivist dimensions, as well as from the point of view of classical institutionalism. What is more, on the basis of their deliberations, the authors describe several possible scenarios of the future events, including the strategy of Russia to continue destabilization in Ukraine in order to seize control over its entire territory and the long-term effects of international sanctions on the Russian economy with the possibility of the collapse of the aggressor state. Nonetheless, the Crimean crisis reveals an important fact that, according to the authors, has deep ramifications for the entire international security system – at present, the international community is not able to exert influence on any of the nuclear powers through military means. While other, non-military means of influence can be used, such as broad economic sanctions or political isolation of an aggressor-state, they are not effective immediately thus allowing the aggressor states to violate international law with a feeling of impunity and invincibility.
    Źródło:
    The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2014, 2 (6)
    2299-4335
    Pojawia się w:
    The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    „Mała Wojna” w pruskiej myśli wojskowej 1815-1848
    “Small Wars” in Prussian military thought of 1815-1848
    Autorzy:
    Jędrysiak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347510.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
    Tematy:
    mała wojna
    pruska myśl wojskowa
    teoria wojen
    war
    Prussian military thought
    theory of wars
    Opis:
    Współczesne dyskusje nad naturą wojny bardzo często odwołują się do dorobku Carla von Clausewitza. Poszczególni pisarze wojskowi próbują potwierdzić lub odrzucić użyteczność jego dla różnych koncepcji „nowych wojen”. Badacze ci pomijają niestety zwykle kontekst epoki w której żył pruski filozof wojny, jak również fakt, że problem działań nieregularnych oraz „małej wojny” był istotnym tematem rozważań środowiska, w którym tworzył. Podobnie jak teoretycy u progu XXI stulecia, pruscy pisarze wojskowi stanęli po zakończeniu wojen napoleońskich przed problemem warunkowanych społecznie dynamicznych przemian w sztuce wojennej. Jednym z ważnych elementów tej refleksji była koncepcja „małej wojny”, znana wprawdzie w czasach ancien regime, lecz nabierająca nowego znaczenia w postrewolucyjnej Europie. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja najważniejszych przejawów tej refleksji, mająca w zamierzeniu pełnić funkcję pomocniczą w próbach zarówno oceny samych koncepcji Clausewitza, jak również ich użyteczności we współczesnej refleksji nad wojną.
    Contemporary discussions on the nature of war very often refer to Carl von Clausewitz's achievements. Military writers are trying to confirm or deny his utility for the different concepts of "new wars". Unfortunately, researchers usually overlook the context of the era in which the Prussian philosopher of war lived, as well as the fact that the problems of irregular actions and the "small wars" were major discussion topics in the environment in which he created. Just as the theorists at the beginning of XXI century, at the end of the Napoleonic wars the Prussian military writers faced the problem of socially conditioned dynamic changes in the art of war. One of the important elements of this reflection was the concept of "small wars", although known at the time of the ancient regime, but they take on new significance in the post-revolutionary Europe. The aim of the article is the presentation of the most important signs of this reflection, which is intended to assist in every attempt of evaluating Clausewitz's concept, as well as their usefulness in contemporary reflections on war.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2014, 3; 34-54
    1731-8157
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cuteness and aggression in military picturebooks
    Autorzy:
    Kümmerling-Meibauer, Bettina
    Meibauer, Jörg
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1388191.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-05-29
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
    Tematy:
    character
    cognitive theory of picturebooks
    cuteness
    military picturebook
    propaganda war in children’s literature
    Opis:
    As a subspecies of ideologically loaded picturebooks, this chapter focuses on military picturebooks. This term encompasses picturebooks dealing with war and the roles of soldiers. In the first part,a taxonomy of military picturebooks is created which is exemplified by telling examples. The second part focuses on a particular narrative problem of military picturebooks that is of interest to a cognitive theory of picturebooks (as pursued by Kümmerling-Meibauer & Meibauer 2013). On the one hand, it is not possible to represent war as a good thing across the board; on the other hand, war is depicted with respect to certain scenarios of self-defence. The narrative solution seems to be that “cute” characters (that is, anthropomorphic animals and vehicles) are introduced who serve as positive military protagonists that have to fight against aggressive characters representing the enemy. In military picturebooks, there is a contrast between cuteness and aggression that is astonishing when regarding the typical pedagogical demands on the accommodation of picturebooks to the child’s cognitive abilities.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2016, 34, 3; 7-21
    1734-1582
    2451-2230
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    „Narodziny i wczesna młodość” polskiej dydaktyki wojskowej : rys historyczny dyscypliny. Cz. 1
    „The birth and the early youth” of the polish military didactics : a historical outline of the discipline. Part 1
    Autorzy:
    Krakowski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/120116.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    military didactics beginnings
    theory of education
    Polish literature achievements
    początki dydaktyki militarnej
    teoria edukacji
    literatura polskich osiągnięć
    Opis:
    The theoretical foundations of the teaching military were formed in Poland at the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth ceuntury. The theoretical principles of the training of soldiers and commanders were put in theses on the art of war by many authors over the centuries. Mikołaj Rej, Łukasz Górnicki, Piotr Grabowski, Józef Wereszczyński, Szymon Maricius were the most important people who laid the ground work for the development for the teaching thought. There subsequently appeared studies and treatise of Stanisław Laski, Andrzej Frycz Modrzejewski, Jan Tarnowski and Aleksander Maksymilian Fredro. The treatise of Jan Amos Komeński had a great influence on the contemporary theory and practice of education. There didn’t exist a commanding or specialized school in the Republic of Poland preparing to exercise the leading functions in the structure of the contemporary armed forces. It’s creation is due to the king Stanisław August Poniatowski and earlier Stanisław Leszczyński. The Knight’s School was a successful attempt of upbringing and education in the spirit of patriotism for the future leaders. Later, many of its pupils became the commanders of the Uprising of Kościuszko and Poles – participants of later Napoleonic Wars. The creation of the Commission of National Education in 1773 enabled the members of the Commission of National Education – Adolf Kamiński, Antoni Popławski, Franciszek Bieliński, influencing on the form of preparing the young people for military service. These and other figures laid the groundwork for contemporary comprehended teaching military.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe AON; 2013, 2(91); 325-347
    0867-2245
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe AON
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Znaczenie historii w kształtowaniu się teorii wojny Carla von Clausewitza
    The Value of History in the Theory of War by Carl Von Clausewitz
    Autorzy:
    Górka, Sebastian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081040.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Clausewitz
    On War
    Critical analysis
    theory of war
    military history
    O wojnie
    Die Kritik
    teoria wojny
    historia wojskowości
    Nauki Humanistyczne i Społeczne
    Opis:
    The purpose of this paper is to go beyond the usual scheme associated with Clausewitz, which narrows his life down to being a soldier and concentrates solely on his theory of war. By presenting his main methodological approach, the study examines the role of history in Clausewitz’s thinking and analyses how his historical studies tested and validated his evolving theoretical structure and how they could enable soldiers who had never fought or served as commanders to develop their battle intuition and enhance decision making process by learning from real world examples in times of peace.
    Źródło:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2018, 48; 347-371
    0073-277X
    Pojawia się w:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wojna w Donbasie - przyczynek do rozważań nad niedopowiedzeniami teorii wojny sprawiedliwej
    War in Donbas - considerations on the understatements of the just war theory
    Война на Донбассе - размышления о недосказанном на тему теории справедливой войны
    Autorzy:
    Neumann-Karpiński, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1930269.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    War in Donbas
    just war
    just war theory
    secession
    military interventions
    война на Донбассе
    справедливая война
    теория справедливой
    войны
    выход из состава государства
    военное вмешательство
    Opis:
    The following article covers the analysis of the War in Donbas from the perspective of the “traditional concept of a just war” (as interpreted by Michael Walzer). The main axis of the analysis is determined by the issue of the possibility of third countries intervening in armed conflicts concerning the specific case of the War in Donbas. The text indicates the key factors that make it impossible to develop a conflict in eastern Ukraine according to traditional just war theories, such as the pursuit of incomplete secession of pro-Russian separatists, the status of the Russian Federation as an unofficial participant in the conflict, and the problem of the “reality” of the separatist intention itself. Therefore, the main problem of this work is the interpretation of Russian actions from the perspective of the principle of non-intervention, and the attitude of other third countries and their right to (not) intervene in this conflict, and its conclusion - in the author’s opinion - indicates the need to update the theory of just war, in a way that would clearly indicate the proper conduct in the event of secession in favour of the existing state.
    В данной статье проводится анализ войны в Донбассе с точки зрения «традиционной концепции справедливой войны» (по М. Вальцеру). Главной осью исследования является вопрос возможного вмешательства третьих сторон в вооруженные конфликты, в данном случае относительно войны в Донбассе. В тексте указаны ключевые факторы, которые не позволяют рассматривать конфликт на востоке Украины с помощью традиционных теорий «справедливой войны», в частности: стремление пророссийских сепаратистов к неполной сецессии, статус Российской Федерации как неофициального участника данного конфликта или проблема «реальности» самого сепаратистского намерения. В связи с вышесказанным главной проблемой статьи является интерпретация действий России с перспективы принципа «невмешательства», а также отношение других государств и их право на (не)интервенцию в этот конфликт, разрешение которого - по мнению автора - указывает на необходимость актуализации теории «справедливой войны», чтобы она ясно показывала, какими должны быть правильные действия в случае сецессии в пользу существующего государства.
    Źródło:
    Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2021, 2(29); 111-123
    2084-3291
    Pojawia się w:
    Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Revisiting Mackinder’s Heartland Theory: Identifying The Emergence of a Complex Power Competiton in the Indian Ocean Region
    Przegląd teorii Heartlandu Mackindera: Stwierdzenie powstania zjawiska kompleksowej konkurencji energetycznej w regionie Oceanu Indyjskiego
    Autorzy:
    Bakare, Najimdeen
    Toor, Minahil R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/641949.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Mackinder’s Heartland theory
    Indian Ocean
    complex power competition
    geo- economics
    geo-politics
    geo-military
    teoria Heartlandu Mackindera
    Ocean Indyjski
    złożona konkurencja energetyczna
    geoekonomia
    geopolityka
    geobezpieczeństwo
    Opis:
    Zjawisko konkurencji między wielkimi mocarstwami nie jest w polityce międzynarodowej niczym nowym. Konkurencja zawsze napędzała powstawanie i upadki imperiów i państw. W XIX–XX wieku Imperium Brytyjskie zapewniło sobie światową dominację i utrzymało niekwestionowaną supremację globalną. Aby zapewnić dalszą globalną dominację Wielkiej Brytanii, w 1904 roku Sir Halford Mackinder zadziwił świat swoją teorią „heartlandu”, która pozostaje jedną z najczęściej dyskutowanych teorii geopolitycznych. Zdając sobie sprawę z głębokiej krytyki, jakiej przez kilka dziesięcioleci poddawano teorię Mackindera, artykuł wykorzystuje ją jednak w kontekście współczesnego międzynarodowego środowiska politycznego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wydarzeń w rejonie Oceanu Indyjskiego, Zatoki Perskiej i Morza Arabskiego. Dlatego też analiza koncentruje się tutaj na możliwościach zastosowania teorii i implikacjach wynikających z racjonalizacji geograficznej Mackindera w formułowaniu polityki zagranicznej wokół tego, co artykuł uważa za współcześnie kluczowy obszar (pivot area) – Ocean Indyjski. Teoretyczna interpretacja tezy Mackindera dowodzi, że Ocean Indyjski i sąsiednie korytarze morskie i cieśniny są „kluczowymi obszarami”, których siła stymuluje konkurencję między potęgami regionalnymi i światowymi. Nowe „obszary kluczowe” są niezwykle bogate w zasoby naturalne i stanowią główne szlaki energetyczne, od których zależą gospodarki globalne. Artykuł kończy konkluzja, że w nowym regionie kluczowym wykluwa się kompleksowa konkurencja energetyczna (complex power competition (CPC)).
    Competition amongst great powers is not new in international politics. It has traditionally been the driving force for the creation and collapse of empires and states. In the 19th–20th centuries, the British Empire established its dominion in the world over and maintained an uncontested global supremacy. To secure Britain’s global dominance, in 1904, Sir Halford Mackinder dazed the world with his heartland theory. Ever since then, the theory remains one of the most discussed geopolitical theories. The article does not pretend or oblivious of the heaps of criticism Mackinder’s theory has received over several decades, it nonetheless, employs the theory in the context of the contemporary international political environment, with particular reference to the happenings around the Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Arabian Sea. So therefore, the point of analysis here centres around the applicability of the theory and the implications posed by Mackinderian geographical rationalisation in formulating foreign policy around what the article considers as the contemporary pivot area – the Indian Ocean. Through the theoretical understanding of Mackinder’s thesis, the article argues that the Indian Ocean and its adjoining seas corridors and Straits are ‘pivot areas’ potential enough to generate competition amongst regional and global powers. The new ‘pivot areas’ is enormously endowed with natural resources and is the major energy highway(s), upon which global economies are dependent. The article concludes by arguing that a complex power competition (CPC) is brewing along the neo-pivot region.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Strategiczny; 2019, 12; 43-58
    2084-6991
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Strategiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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