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Tytuł:
Badania metalograficzne odlewniczego stopu magnezu AZ91 po współbieżnym wyciskaniu
Metallographic investigation of AZ91 magnesium casting alloy after the forward extrusion
Autorzy:
Pachutko, B.
Ziółkiewicz, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/211339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
Tematy:
stop magnezu
metalografia
magnesium alloy
metalography
Opis:
W publikacji przedstawiono wyniki badań metalograficznych stopu magnezu AZ91 - wlewka surowego i po procesach przesycania oraz współbieżnie wyciskanych prętów. Procesy wyciskania prowadzono w temperaturze: 280ºC, 300ºC, 316ºC i 338ºC przy współczynniku wydłużenia λ wynoszącym 4,14 i 5,78 odpowiednio dla średnic wyciskanych prętów wynoszących 16 mm i 20 mm. Jedynie w wyniku wyciskania w temperaturze 280ºC otrzymano pręty pozbawione wad (nieciągłości) powierzchniowych i wewnętrznych. Zwiększanie temperatury procesu od 300°C do 338°C skutkowało pojawieniem się nieciągłości wewnętrznych lub powierzchniowych w skali makroskopowej. Podczas procesu wyciskania następowała dynamiczna rekrystalizacja ziaren. Gęstość wydzieleń fazy γ-Mg17Al12 w pasmach i skupiskach wyraźnie zmniejszyła się, kiedy proces wyciskania prowadzono w największej temperaturze.
The paper presents the results of metallographic examination of AZ91 magnesium alloy – a raw ingot and one after the processes of supersaturation and forward extrusion of rods. The extrusion processes have been performed at the temperatures of 280oC, 316oC and 338oC with the elongation coefficient, λ equal to 4.14 and 5.78, respectively, for the extruded rod diameters of 16 mm and 20 mm. Rods free of surface and internal defects (discontinuities have been obtained only as result of extrusion at the temperature of 280oC. Increase of the process temperature from 300oC to 338oC has resulted in internal or surface discontinuities in the macroscopic scale. During the extrusion process, dynamic recrystallization of grains took place. The density of the secretions of phase γ-Mg17Al12 has clearly decreased when the process of extrusion was performed at the highest temperature.
Źródło:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali; 2013, 24, 2; 119-129
0867-2628
Pojawia się w:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mould components impact on structure and quality of elektron 21 alloy
Autorzy:
Dybowski, B.
Kiełbus, A.
Jarosz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379489.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metallography
Elektron 21 alloy
quantitative metallography
casting defects
mould technology
metalografia
stop Elektron 21
metalografia ilościowa
wada odlewu
technologia odlewnicza
Opis:
Magnesium alloys due to their low density and high strength-to-weight ratio are promising material for the automotive and aerospace industries. Many elements made from magnesium alloys are produced by means of sand casting. It is essential to investigate impact of the applied mould components on the microstructure and the quality of the castings. For the research, six identical, 100x50x20mm plates has been sand cast from the Elektron 21 magnesium casting alloy. Each casting was fed and cooled in a different way: one, surrounded by mould sand, two with cast iron chills 20mm and 40mm thick applied, another two with the same chills as well as feeders applied and one with only the feeder applied. Solid solution grain size and eutectics volume fraction were evaluated quantitatively in Met-Ilo program, casting defects were observed on the scanning electron microscope Hitachi S3400N. The finest solid solution grain was observed in the castings with only the chills applied. Non metallic inclusions were observed in each plate. The smallest shrinkage porosity was observed in the castings with the feeders applied.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 2; 17-23
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of Precipitates Type in Brasses as a Function of Charge Material
Autorzy:
Bydałek, A. W.
Najman, K.
Kula, A.
Biernat, S.
Błaż, L.
Wołczyński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380471.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metallography
leaded brass
precipitates
scraps
metalografia
mosiądz
wytrącenia
Opis:
Trial series of cast alloy MO59 obtained from qualified scrap was investigated. SEM and TEM of resulting precipitates were conducted. The SEM analysis demonstrated the dependence of silicon, phosphorus, iron, chromium and nickel in the composition of the so-called hard precipitates. TEM analysis showed the formation of phase AlFeSi and AlCr. Made studies have shown the important role of the composition of the batch melts brass CuZn39Pb2 type. The analysis of SEM and TEM resulting precipitates pointed to the formation of various forms of divisions, only one of which was described in the literature character of the so-called hard inclusions. The SEM studies demonstrated the dependence of the occurrence of inclusions rich in silicon, phosphorus, iron, chromium and nickel. In contrast, additional TEM analysis indicated the formation of AlFeSi phase type and AlCr. The results of the analyses referred to the structure of the batch. Due to the difficulty of obtaining recycled materials that do not contain these elements necessary to carry out further analyzes in the direction of defining the role of phosphorus in the formation of the so-called hard inclusions.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 3; 19-24
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics of centrifugally cast GX25CrNiSi18-9 steel
Autorzy:
Zapała, R.
Kalandyk, B.
Rakowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381343.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metallography
heat resistance
cast steel
metalografia
żaroodporność stopu
staliwo
Opis:
The paper presents the results of microstructural examinations of the industrial heat-resistant centrifugally cast GX25CrNiSi18-9 steel characterised by increased content of Cu. The study included changes in the microstructure of base cast steel respective of the steel held at a temperature of 900 and 950°C for 48 hours. Based on the results obtained, an increase in microhardness of the examined cast steel matrix with increasing temperature was stated, which was probably caused by fine precipitates enriched in Cr, Mo, and C forming inside the matrix grains. The layer of scale formed on the tested cast steel oxidised in the atmosphere of air at 900 and 950°C was characterised by an increased tendency to degradation with increasing temperature of the conducted tests.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 3 spec.; 249-254
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure of Archaeological 17th Century Cast Copper Alloys
Autorzy:
Konieczny, J.
Labisz, K.
Głowik-Łazarczyk, K.
Ćwiek, J.
Wierzbicki, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382152.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metallography
archaeometallurgy
microstructure
excavations
phase analysis
metalografia
archaeometalurgia
mikrostruktura
wykopaliska
Opis:
In Poland, researchers have a very strong interest in archaeometallurgy, which, as presented in classical works, focuses on dating artefacts from the prehistoric and early medieval periods in the form of cast iron and copper castings. This study, extending the current knowledge, presents the results of a microstructure investigation into the findings from the Modern era dating back to the late Middle Ages. The investigated material was an object in the form of a heavy solid copper block weighing several kilograms that was excavated by a team of Polish archaeologists working under the direction of Ms Iwona Młodkowska-Przepiórowska during works on the marketplace in the city of Czestochowa during the summer of 2009. Pre-dating of the material indicates the period of the seventeenth century AD. The solid copper block was delivered in the form of a part shaped like a bell, named later in this work as a “kettlebell”. To determine the microstructure, the structural components, chemical composition, and homogeneity, as well as additives and impurities, investigations were carried out using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy including analysis of the chemical composition performed in micro-areas, and qualitative X-ray phase analysis in order to investigate the phase composition. Interpretation of the analytical results of the material’s microstructure will also help modify and/or develop new methodological assumptions to investigate further archaeometallurgical exhibits, throwing new light on and expanding the area of knowledge of the use and processing of seventeenth-century metallic materials.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 2; 190-196
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of pressure die casting parameters on distribution of reinforcing particles in the AlSi11/10% SiC composite
Autorzy:
Pasieka, A.
Konopka, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382058.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
composite
metallography
pressure die casting
structure
kompozyt
metalografia
odlewanie ciśnieniowe
struktura
Opis:
The method of pressure die casting of composites with AlSi11 alloy matrix reinforced with 10 vol. % of SiC particles and the analysis of the distribution of particles within the matrix is presented. The composite castings were produced at various values of the piston velocity in the second stage of injection, at diverse intensification pressure values, and various injection gate width values. The distribution of particles over the entire cross-section of the tensile specimen is shown. The index of distribution was determined on the basis of particle count in elementary measuring fields. The regression equation describing the change of the considered index was found as a function of the pressure die casting parameters. The conclusion presents an analysis of the obtained results and their interpretation.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 3; 64-67
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Tungsten on the Structure and Properties of Ductile Iron Containing 0.8% Cu
Autorzy:
Myszka, Dawid
Kasińska, J.
Penkul, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2126899.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metallography
mechanical properties
tungsten
cast iron
metalografia
właściwości mechaniczne
wolfram
żeliwo
Opis:
The possibilities of producing ductile cast iron with the addition of 1÷3% of tungsten are presented. Tungsten from waste chips from mechanical processing was introduced into the liquid cast iron in the form of specially prepared cartridges. Correct dissolution of tungsten in the metal bath was found, and there were no casting defects in the alloy. The form of carbide precipitates in the microstructure of cast iron was determined and the influence of increasing tungsten content on the reduction of the number of graphite precipitates in the structure was determined. Impact tests show that this property degrades with increasing tungsten content as opposed to hardness which increases. It was found that the addition of tungsten from machining waste is a potential source of enrichment of cast iron with this element.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 4; 121--126
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Defects Appearing in the Surfacing Layers of Abrasion Resistant
Autorzy:
Bęczkowski, R.
Gucwa, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
imperfection
surfacing
metallography
hardfacing
quality
wadliwość
proces napawania
metalografia
jakość odlewu
Opis:
The surfacing technologies are used for constitution of protection layer against wear and is destined for obtaining coating with high hardness. Among many weldings methods currently used to obtain the hard surface layer one of the most effective way of hardfacing is using flux cored arc welding. This additional material gives more possibilities to make expected hard surface layer. Chemical composition, property and economic factors obtained in flux cored wire are much richer in comparison to these obtained with other additional materials. This is the reason why flux cored wires give possibilities of application this kind of material for improving surface in different sectors of industry. In the present paper the imperfection in the layers was used for hardfacing process in different situations to show the possible application in the surface layer. The work presents studies of imperfection of the welds, contains the picture of microstructures, macrostructures and shows the results of checking by visual and penetrant testing methods.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 4; 23-28
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of metallic die temperature in the solidification of Cu-10%Al-2%Fe alloy
Rola temperatury odlewania ciśnieniowego w trakcie krystalizacji stopu Cu-10%Al-2%Fe
Autorzy:
Cenoz, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353442.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
brąz aluminiowy
metalografia
odlewanie ciśnieniowe
aluminium bronze
metallography
cooper
iron die
Opis:
The phases obtained in copper aluminium bronze alloy (Cu-Al10-Fe2) cast into a permanent die were investigated. The parameters examined were the pre-heating temperatures of the die and the graphite coating thickness. The phases α and γ2 were detected as well as the metastable phases β' and γ'. The intermetallics of the system Fe-Al were obtained in various stoichiometric compositions. The different cooling rates of the casting resulted in two mechanisms of transformation to α grains out of the unstable β phase, one being nucleation and growth producing needle shaped α grains, the other exhibiting a massive transformation to spherical α grains. These two mechanisms determine the changes in the size of the α grains as a result of changes in the cooling rate in its various ranges.
Zbadane zostały fazy brązu aluminiowego (Cu-Al10-Fe2) odlewanego ciśnieniowo w sposób ciągły. Kontrolowanymi parametrami była temperatura wstępnego ogrzewania kokili oraz grubość powłoki grafitowej. Stwierdzono występowanie faz α i γ2, metastabilnych faz β' oraz γ', podobnie jak stechiometrycznych faz międzymetalicznych o różnych składach z układu Fe-Al. Różne prędkości chłodzenia odlewu powodowały występowanie dwóch mechanizmów transformacji fazy α, nie związanych z niestabilną fazę β - jednego w formie zarodkowania i wzrostu igiełkowatych ziaren α oraz drugiego, poprzez występowanie masywnej przemiany do kulistych ziaren ?. Mechanizmy te wywoływały zmiany wielkości α - ziaren jako rezultat zmian szybkości chłodzenia ustalanego w różnych zakresach.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2010, 55, 4; 1029-1033
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of small amounts of aluminium on the spheroidization of cast iron with cerium mischmetal
Autorzy:
Soiński, M. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metalografia
żeliwo
aluminium
sferoidyzacja
wydzielenia grafitu
metallography
cast iron
spheroidization
graphite precipitates
Opis:
The influence of aluminium (added in quantity from about 0.6% to about 2.8%) on both the alloy matrix and the shape of graphite precipitates in cast iron treated with a fixed amounts of cerium mischmetal (0.11%) and ferrosilicon (1.29%) is discussed in the paper. The metallographic examinations were carried out for specimens cut out of the separately cast rods of 20 mm diameter. It was found that the addition of aluminium in the amounts from about 0.6% to about 1.1% to the cast iron containing about 3% of carbon, about 3.7% of silicon (after graphitizing modification), and 0.1% of manganese leads to the occurrence of the ferrite-pearlite matrix containing cementite precipitates in the case of the treatment of the alloy with cerium mischmetal . The increase in the quantity of aluminium up to about 1.9% or up to about 2.8% results either in purely ferrite matrix in this first case or in ferrite matrix containing small amounts of pearlite in the latter one. Nodular graphite precipitates occurred only in cast iron containing 1.9% or 2.8% of aluminium, and the greater aluminium content resulted in the higher degree of graphite spheroidization. The noticeable amount of vermicular graphite precipitates accompanied the nodular graphite.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 117-122
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Aluminium on the Spheroidization of Cast Iron Assessed on the Basis of Wedge Test
Autorzy:
Soiński, M. S.
Jakubus, A.
Stradomski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383125.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metallography
cast iron
aluminium
spheroidization
graphite precipitates
metalografia
żeliwo
sferoidyzacja
wydzielenia grafitu
Opis:
The paper discusses the influence of aluminium in quantities from about 1.9% to about 4.7% on both the alloy matrix and the shape of graphite precipitates in cast iron spheroidized with cerium mixture (added in the quantity of 0.11%) and inoculated with ferrosilicon (1.29%). The metallographic examinations were carried out for specimens cut out of the wedge test castings (22 mm base width, 120 mm height, 180 mm length) halfway along their length. It was found that the highest susceptibility to graphitization exhibits the cast iron containing about 2.8% Al. The alloy matrices were classified and the degrees of graphite spheroidization were determined. Microscopic observations were carried out along the wedge test casting height at several places, the first distant by 20 mm from the specimen apex, the next ones every 20 mm farther. Precipitates of nodular and vermicular graphite were found in the cast iron structure. The results of examination allow to state that cast iron spheroidized in the way described here is characterised by the degree of spheroidization which increase with an increase in aluminium content within the examined range.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 1 spec.; 163-168
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics of Graphite Precipitates in Aluminium Cast Iron Treated with Cerium Mixture
Autorzy:
Soiński, M. S.
Jakubus, A.
Kordas, P.
Skurka, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381207.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metallography
cast iron
aluminium
spheroidization
graphite precipitates
metalografia
żeliwo
sferoidyzacja
wydzielenia grafitu
Opis:
The work determined the influence of aluminium in the amount from about 1% to about 7% on the graphite precipitates in cast iron with relatively high silicon content (3.4% to 3.90%) and low manganese content (about 0.1%). The cast iron was spheroidized with cerium mixture and graphitized with ferrosilicon. The performed treatment resulted in occurring of compact graphite precipitates, mainly nodular and vermicular, of various size. The following parameters were determined: the area percentage occupied by graphite, perimeters of graphite precipitates per unit area, and the number of graphite precipitates per unit area. The examinations were performed by means of computer image analyser, taking into account four classes of shape factor. It was found that as the aluminium content in cast iron increases from about 1.1% to about 3.4%, the number of graphite precipitates rises from about 700 to about 1000 per square mm. For higher Al content (4.2% to 6.8%) this number falls within the range of 1300 – 1500 precipitates/mm2. The degree of cast iron spheroidization increases with an increase in aluminium content within the examined range, though when Al content exceeds about 2.8%, the area occupied by graphite decreases. The average size of graphite precipitates is equal to 11-15 μm in cast iron containing aluminium in the quantity from about 1.1% to about 3.4%, and for higher Al content it decreases to about 6 μm.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 1; 93-98
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of small amounts of aluminium on the effectiveness of cast iron spheroidization with magnesium
Autorzy:
Soiński, M. S.
Jakubus, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metallography
aluminium
cast iron
spheroidization
graphite precipitates
metalografia
żeliwo
sferoidyzacja
wydzielenia grafitu
Opis:
The influence of aluminium added in amounts of about 1.6%, 2.1%, or 2.8% on the effectiveness of cast iron spheroidization with magnesium was determined. The cast iron was melted and treated with FeSiMg7 master alloy under industrial conditions. The metallographic examinations were performed for the separately cast rods of 20 mm diameter. They included the assessment of the shape of graphite precipitates and of the matrix structure. The results allowed to state that the despheroidizing influence of aluminium (introduced in the above mentioned quantities) is the stronger, the higher is the aluminium content in the alloy. The results of examinations carried out by means of a computer image analyser enabled the quantitative assessment of the considered aluminium addition influence. It was found that the despheroidizing influence of aluminium (up to about 2.8%) yields the crystallization of either the deformed nodular graphite precipitates or vermicular graphite precipitates. None of the examined specimens, however, contained the flake graphite precipitates. The results of examinations confirmed the already known opinion that aluminium widens the range of ferrite crystallization.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 3; 80-83
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corrosive Wear of the Selected Tool Steels
Zużywanie korozyjne wybranych stali narzędziowych
Autorzy:
Lachowicz, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/188814.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
tool steels
microstructure
carbides
corrosion
metallography
SEM
stale narzędziowe
mikrostruktura
węgliki
korozja
metalografia
Opis:
Wear is associated with processes leading to the gradual destruction of components, including the impact of physicochemical factors. Determining the relationship between microstructure and working properties of tool steels, including corrosion resistance, has significant importance to the preventing accelerated destruction of tools made of them. The purpose of the tests presented in this paper was to determine the resistance of selected tool steels to corrosion wear. To this end, electrochemical tests and a salt chamber test were carried out. Scanning electron microscope observations carried out after corrosion tests and combined with the earlier microstructural characteristics of the tested materials allowed the accessment of the impact of their microstructure and a clarification of the role of carbides in the development of corrosion.
Zużywanie związane jest z procesami prowadzącymi do stopniowego niszczenia elementów, w tym również oddziaływaniem czynników o charakterze fizykochemicznym. Ustalenie zależności pomiędzy mikrostrukturą a własnościami użytkowymi stali narzędziowych, w tym odporności korozyjnej, ma istotne znaczenie w zapobieganiu przyśpieszonemu niszczeniu narzędzi z nich wykonanych. Celem przedstawionych w pracy badań było określenie odporności na zużycie korozyjne wybranych stali narzędziowych. W tym celu przeprowadzono badania elektrochemiczne oraz test w komorze solnej. Obserwacje mikroskopowe SEM zrealizowane po badaniach korozyjnych połączone z wcześniejszą charakterystyką mikrostrukturalną badanych materiałów pozwoliły na ocenę wpływu ich mikrostruktury i roli węglików w rozwoju korozji.
Źródło:
Tribologia; 2019, 286, 4; 23-31
0208-7774
Pojawia się w:
Tribologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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