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    Tytuł:
    A Social Network Approach to the Dual Aspect of Moral Competence
    Autorzy:
    Salej Higgins, Silvio
    Vega Sanabria, Guillermo
    Unger Raphael Bataglia, Patrícia
    Fontenele Gonçalves, Erick
    Ferreira da Silva Carmo, Lavínia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29433355.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Moral competence
    cognition
    emotion
    social networks analysis
    MCT-xt
    Opis:
    This work presents evidence supporting the relationship between the dual aspect of moral competence (emotion and cognition) and social networks in school settings. We conducted empirical research with 160 students from various disciplines of the social sciences and different cohorts in two Brazilian public universities. Firstly, the participants responded to Georg Lind’s Moral Competence Test (MCT-xt). Following this, a sociometric generator regarding relationships of friendship and collaboration in social networks was applied, and several Exponential Random Graphs Models (ERGMs), with the MCT-xt score as an exogenous effect and predictor of these relationships, were utilized. We also used a Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis in order to determine if the cohorts, where the average MCT-xt was associated with the interactional structure, obeyed the same causal configuration. There exist two conditional configurations: (1) a sufficient score of MCT-xt in a social network with homogeneous status encourages a proactive search of collaboration; (2) an insufficient score of MCT-xt in a social network with homogeneous status encourages a collaborative exchange based on the popularity of some individuals. This work reveals how to interpret, at the grouping level, the results of MCT-xt.
    Źródło:
    Ethics in Progress; 2023, 14, 1; 144-168
    2084-9257
    Pojawia się w:
    Ethics in Progress
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    MCT heterostructures for higher operating temperature infrared detectors designed in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Madejczyk, Paweł
    Gawron, Waldemar
    Sobieski, Jan
    Martyniuk, Piotr
    Rutkowski, Jarosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204223.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
    Tematy:
    MCT
    HgCdTe
    metal organic chemical vapour deposition
    infrared detectors
    higher operating temperature
    Opis:
    This paper presents examples of infrared detectors with mercury cadmium telluride elaborated at the Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology and VIGO Photonics S.A. Fully doped HgCdTe epilayers were grown with the metal organic chemical vapour deposition technique which provides a wide range of material composition covering the entire infrared range from 1.5 μm to 14 μm. Fundamental issues concerning the design of individual areas of the heterostructure including: the absorber, contacts, and transient layers with respect to their thickness, doping and composition were discussed. An example of determining the gain is also given pointing to the potential application of the obtained devices in avalanche photodiode detectors that can amplify weak optical signals. Selected examples of the analysis of current-voltage and spectral characteristics are shown. Multiple detectors based on a connection in series of small individual structures are also presented as a solution to overcome inherent problems of low resistance of LWIR photodiodes. The HgCdTe detectors were compared with detectors from III-V materials. The detectors based on InAs/InAsSb superlattice materials achieve very comparable parameters and, in some respects, they are even superior to those with mercury cadmium telluride.
    Źródło:
    Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, Special Issue; art. no. e144551
    1230-3402
    Pojawia się w:
    Opto-Electronics Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Effect of Moral Competence on Online Conformity Behavior
    Autorzy:
    Mofakhami, Aida
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373880.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    morality
    moral competence
    social conformity
    online conformity
    MCT
    experimental research with university students
    Opis:
    Moral Competence, defined as the ability to solve conflicts on the basis of shared moral principles through cooperation rather than through violence, deceit and power, has received little attention among different psychological approaches; despite its importance in predicting many of our social interactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moral competence on online conformity behavior. 217 students from universities in Teheran were selected for a quasi-experimental study. First, participants’ moral competence was measured with the online Moral Competence Test (MCT) by G. Lind (1978/2019). Then the subjects participated in an online version of an Asch type experiment in which conformity was induced. The results showed a clear conformity behavior in the use of the internet. An average of 32.09% of participants conformed to each critical question. When compared to Asch`s line judgment task, the mean conformity in this experiment was lower, but still significant enough to indicate conformity behavior (36.8% compared with 7.4%), which might stem from the online situation, in which some other variables like the deindividuation effect might influence this difference. The results also indicated that there was a weak but negative correlation between moral competence and conformity behavior. The results confirm our hypothesis weakly; subjects with higher moral competence tended to show lower conformity. If the results could be replicated, it would imply that conformity is not a general and stable trait of people, as Asch assumed, but depends on people’s level of moral competence, which can be fostered through education.
    Źródło:
    Ethics in Progress; 2021, 12, 1; 73-83
    2084-9257
    Pojawia się w:
    Ethics in Progress
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Validation of the Lithuanian Version of Moral Competence Test and Application of KMDD in Language Teaching / Learning Process at Vilnius University, Lithuania
    Autorzy:
    Kriaučiūniene, Roma
    Lind, Georg
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373890.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Moral competence
    moral competence development
    Moral Competence Test in Lithuanian version
    MCT
    validation study
    KMDD
    Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion
    English language teaching/learning process
    Opis:
    The findings obtained by G. Lind using his original research instrument – the Moral Competence Test – suggest that universities lack the capacity to foster students’ moral competence development. The MCT has been translated into 39 languages, all of which have gone through the necessary validation procedure. The article reports on the MCT validation study for the 40th language, namely Lithuanian. The research sample consisted of 526 students of English/German/French languages, future foreign language teachers, in the 1 st to 4th years of study at two universities in Lithuania: the former Vilnius Pedagogical University and the Vilnius University. The majority of the respondents demonstrated low or medium level of moral competence. On the basis of this cross-sectional study (2019–2020), the MCT for Lithuanian has been successfully validated and certified. In the following article, we present and discuss all the validation criteria and revisit the theoretical background of MCT. We also argue for educating students in moral competence and evaluating the effects of moral competence promotion in academic contexts.
    Źródło:
    Ethics in Progress; 2021, 12, 1; 6-14
    2084-9257
    Pojawia się w:
    Ethics in Progress
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    What, If Anything, Most Memorable Personal Moral Dilemmas Can Tell Us About Women’s and Men’s Moral Competence?
    Autorzy:
    Klimenko, Marina A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373883.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    moral competence
    moral development
    moral dilemmas of college students
    sex-differences in moral judgement
    MCT
    Opis:
    Most all popular moral reasoning or moral judgment tests are based on presenting subjects with two or more hypothetical moral dilemmas and asking them to make judgments on the moral quality of arguments supporting and questioning a protagonist’s decision (e.g., the Moral Competence Test by G. Lind). Although these tests have been insightful by tapping some aspect of individuals’ moral-cognitive schemas, moral maturity, or moral development, they also have limitations. Hypothetical moral dilemmas may be too abstract and impersonal, thus failing to create enough emotional salience. Learning more about real-life personally recalled moral dilemmas may reveal more about the individual’s moral mind and experiences. Objective. The current study was conducted to learn more about the personally experienced moral dilemmas, and how they relate to subjects’ level of moral competence and gender. Method. Subjects were asked to recall the most challenging personal moral dilemma; subjects completed the MCT test to measure moral competence. Results. Among some of the findings was that for both, men and women, higher moral competence scores were positively correlated with recalling personal moral dilemmas where the choice had to be made between some altruistic (care for others) and selfish actions. For men, it was the risk of compromising one’s status, whereas for women it was the risk of personal safety.
    Źródło:
    Ethics in Progress; 2021, 12, 1; 59-72
    2084-9257
    Pojawia się w:
    Ethics in Progress
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mis-Educative Martial Law – The Fate of Free Discourse and the Moral Judgment Competence of Polish University Students from 1977 to 1983
    Autorzy:
    Nowak, Ewa
    Lind, Georg
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781362.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    moral competence
    democratic comtetence
    Polish students
    MCT
    martial law in Poland 1981
    the lack of democratic liberties
    the regression of moral and democratic competenties in students
    Opis:
    The reprinted paper refers to Georg Lind and his colleagues’ MCT-based FORM study conducted at several European universities in 1977-1983, including Polish ones. After a short phase of democratization, in 1981 Polish society suddenly faced martial law. That experience had an impact on Polish students moral-, discursiveand democratic competences, as measured by MCT. When Ewa Nowak started her Alexander von Humboldt Foundation supported research stay under the supervision of Professor Georg Lind (University of Konstanz, 2008-2010), they were inspired to revisit and discuss the puzzling Polish research findings of 1981/3. According to their main hypothesis, martial law restricted free speech at universities, and free speech is a key facilitator of the development of moral and democratic competence. In 2018, after a decade of collaborative research on moral and democratic competence, Lind, Nowak and colleagues started a new international MCT study in several Central- and East European countries to examine the impact of the contemporary constitutional crisis in Poland (and the institutional crisis within the European Union) on students’ moral and democratic competencies. In 2018/9 the 40th anniversary of the Moral Competence Test (MCT) and Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion (KMDD) will be celebrated. We would like to provide you with the most recent research findings soon.
    Źródło:
    Ethics in Progress; 2018, 9, 2; 56-74
    2084-9257
    Pojawia się w:
    Ethics in Progress
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis and comparison of the three spatial tests: MRT, MCT and HSAT
    Analiza i porównanie wybranych testów do badania wyobraźni przestrzennej
    Autorzy:
    Babály, B.
    Bölcskei, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/119083.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geometrii i Grafiki Inżynierskiej
    Tematy:
    MCT
    MRT
    engineering education
    visualspatial skills
    Hungarian Spatial Ability Test
    edukacja inżynierska
    umiejętności wizualne
    Opis:
    Visual-spatial skills are present in the everyday activities of engineers and architects. During tertiary education, it is extremely important to develop the ability to interpret threedimensional objects and their connections. The paper deals with spatial abilities of first year civil engineer and architect students from Szent István University, Ybl Miklós Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, in the light of three consecutive tests: Mental Cutting Test, Mental Rotation Test and the Spatial Ability Test created by Séra and his colleagues. All the surveys proved development in spatial skills during the first year studies, which we discuss from different aspects. We introduce the concept of saturation index, as a refinement of measuring development. Beside the statistical analysis and comparison of results, the paper also deals with the critics of the tests.
    Umiejętności wizualno-przestrzenne są istotne w codziennej pracy zawodowej inżynierów i architektów. W czasie studiów wyższych niezwykle ważne jest rozwijanie umiejętności interpretowania obiektów trójwymiarowych i ich powiązań. Praca dotyczy badania wyobraźni przestrzennej studentów I roku Inżynierii Lądowej i Architektury z Uniwersytetu Szent István oraz Wydziału Architektury i Inżynierii Lądowej Uniwersytetu Ybl Miklós, w świetle trzech następujących testów: Mental Cutting Test (MCT), Mental Rotation Test (MRT) i test wyobraźni przestrzennej stworzony przez Séra i jego szkołę (HSA). Wszystkie badania dowiodły rozwoju wyobraźni przestrzennej podczas pierwszego roku studiów, który omawiamy w różnych aspektach. Wprowadzamy pojęcie wskaźnika nasycenia, jako udoskonalenie pomiaru rozwoju. Poza analizą statystyczną i porównaniem wyników, w artykule dokonano również analizy krytycznej testów.
    Źródło:
    Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics; 2017, 30; 9-15
    1644-9363
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Moral Competence and Aggression Prevention. Updating MCT Pilot Studies Inspired by Georg Lind’s Book How to Teach Morality. Promoting Deliberation and Discussion, Reducing Violence and Deceit (2016)
    Autorzy:
    Nowak, Ewa
    Urbańska, Adrianna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781396.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    aggression prevention
    KMDD
    MCT
    dilemma discussion
    moralcognitive development
    Polish–Swiss pilot study
    Georg Lind
    Paul Bloom
    Opis:
    Aggression in juveniles may increase even in modern societies and manifest itself in countless forms of violence, including harming, persecution, abuse, pressure, hostility, etc. A large number of studies on the evolutionary, psychological and sociological origins of aggression are available. However, we lack cognitive remedies to counter developing tendencies towards aggressive behavior. Georg Lind's book How to teach morality. Promoting deliberation and discussion, reducing violence and deceit (2016) offers such a remedy based on his long–term (1976–2017) experiences with dilemma discussion training. This paper draws on Lind's conception of strengthening socio-moral competence as the most efficient remedy against aggression. It also revisits the ongoing theories of empathy. Finally, it revises the pilot research study that we conducted 2010 among Polish and Swiss juveniles7. That study focused on the following hypotheses: Lind's method of dilemma discussion (KMDD) can train and retrain moral competence in  uveniles that show a slight inclination towards aggressive behavior. Strong moral competence may prevent further maldevelopment, in particular interpersonal and collective violence.
    Źródło:
    Ethics in Progress; 2017, 8, 1; 207-224
    2084-9257
    Pojawia się w:
    Ethics in Progress
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of Micro Computer Tomography to Identification of Pore Structure Parameters of Porous Materials
    Autorzy:
    Szczepański, Z.
    Cieszko, M.
    Gadzała, P.
    Zych, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115469.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja na Rzecz Młodych Naukowców
    Tematy:
    volume porosity
    bone tissue
    computed microtomography
    mCT
    binarization
    voxels
    thresholding
    microscopic
    Opis:
    The purpose of this paper is to apply the scans of microscopic geometry of human bones obtained by Micro Komputer Tomography method to identifi cation of their macroscopic pore structure parameters: volume porosity, permeability and tortuosity of pores and skeleton. These parameters, except the volume porosity, have been determined by simulations of microscopic processes of viscous fl uid fl ow and electrical current passage through virtual models of bones samples. The simulations wave performed using the COMSOL’s Multiphysics environment assigned for solution of boundary value problems described by partial diff erential equations, by use of the fi nite element method.
    Źródło:
    Challenges of Modern Technology; 2010, 1, 1; 90-91
    2082-2863
    2353-4419
    Pojawia się w:
    Challenges of Modern Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determination of bone volume porosity based on histograms of the mCT scans
    Autorzy:
    Gadzała, P.
    Szczepański, Z.
    Zych, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115459.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja na Rzecz Młodych Naukowców
    Tematy:
    volume porosity
    bone tissue
    computed microtomography
    mCT
    histogram
    probability distribution
    voxels
    thresholding
    microscopic
    Opis:
    The new method is proposed in the paper for determination of volume porosity of bone tissue based on histograms of 3D mCT scans and also precise defi nition of the threshold value of relative density preserving calculated volume porosity during the reconstruction of the binary image of sample. In this method the normed histogram is considered as a probability distribution of relative mass density in the bone sample. It was shown that the normed histograms of increasing 3D sample are convergent to the limit curve which can be interpreted as a representative histogram of given sample. The limit histograms have been used to determine: the distributions of relative densities in the sets of voxels of pore and skeleton type and their characteristics, the volume porosities of both samples and thresholds values of their binarisation.
    Źródło:
    Challenges of Modern Technology; 2010, 1, 1; 88-89
    2082-2863
    2353-4419
    Pojawia się w:
    Challenges of Modern Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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