Temat: Late Middle Ages Prussia - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Bezławki - kilka uzupełnień źródłowych dotyczących późnośredniowiecznego zespołu osadniczego na obrzeżach kraju pruskiego
Bezławki – several additional sources regarding the late medieval settlement complex on the periphery of Prussian lands
Autorzy:: Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365756.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:: późne średniowiecze
Prusy późnośredniowieczne
zakon niemiecki
historia społeczna
historia osadnictwa
wiejskie skupiska osadnicze
Bezławki
Late Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages Prussia
Teutonic Order
social history
settlement history
clusters of rural settlements
Opis:: This article contributes to our knowledge of the late Middle Ages of the village of Bezławki. Based on sources to date neglected in the scholarly literature, various aspects of the settlement’s functions are presented between 1371 and 1517. From the sources emerges an image of a settlement complex, characterized by significant legal, settlement, economic and socio-professional differences. The analyzed written sources (administrative documents and records) testify to the functioning of the village chartered with the ‘Kulm Law’, where alongside the mayor, peasants, innkeepers, miller and priest lived, or at least owned, the townspeople and those with ‘free’ status of a noble or non-noble background, with the settlement under the governance of the Order and later under the ‘free’, so-called new lords deriving from the group of mercenaries who came to Prussia during the period of warfare in 1454-1466. Within this heterogenous community there were additional dynamic changes taking place in Bezławki in terms of economic activities and the types of production activities associated with them. Only the structure of the governance and the sovereign control of the inhabitants of the settlement by the Teutonic Order remained consistent. Such results should prompt restraint in drawing generic conclusions from single mentions in the sources of individual settlements in late medieval Prussia. A regularly used method of chronological transplantation of specific information back and forth should be applied more carefully and rigorously. The example of Bezławki shows that there are cases when individual elements of the settlement changed much more often than previously thought.
Źródło:: Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2016, 291, 1; 31-54
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:: Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Prozopografia pruskiej gałęzi zakonu niemieckiego w pierwszej połowie XIV wieku. Uwagi krytyczne na marginesie książki Norberta Delestowicza
Prosopography of the Prussian Branch of the Teutonic Order in the First Half of the 14th Century: Critical Remarks on the Book by Norbert Delestowicz
Autorzy:: Krajniak, Radosław
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388146.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2023-12-31
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:: Teutonic Order
Teutonic Knights
Prussia
late Middle Ages
prosopography
Opis:: The book by Norbert Delestowicz on members of the Teutonic Order in the first half of the 14th century was highly anticipated within the scholarly community, and the research conducted by the historian from Poznań seemed promising. Until now, comprehensive biographies were prepared only for the representatives of the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order, who appeared in primary sources up to 1309. In his endeavour to bridge this historiographical gap, the author of the reviewed book undertook an extensive effort to create a collective portrait of the analysed group and to construct several hundred biographies of Teutonic knights, priests, and sariant-brothers. However, the laborious task of accurately collecting and organising the vast amount of source material posed numerous challenges for the author, leading to evident shortcomings. This discussion article aims to highlight various errors that can be found throughout the book, including those in the general chapters, individual biographies, and the appended lists of Teutonic officials and convent members. Many of these errors suggest the disorder that prevailed during the creation of different parts of the book, as well as shortcomings stemming from incomplete or inadequate use of available primary sources and relevant scholarly publications. Regrettably, the extent of identified deficiencies prevents us from considering the reviewed monograph as a fully successful scholarly publication.
Źródło:: Zapiski Historyczne; 2023, 88, 4; 119-156
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:: Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Chronologia wznoszenia krzyżackiego murowanego zamku prokuratorskiego w Nidzicy w świetle źródeł pisanych
The Chronology of Erecting the Teutonic Brick Pfleger Castle in Nidzica in the Light of Written Sources
Autorzy:: Jóźwiak, Sławomir
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197805.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022-09-30
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:: Teutonic Order
Prussia
castle construction
administration
late Middle Ages
Opis:: The erection of the brick castle of the Teutonic Order in Nidzica (border territory of the state of the Teutonic Order with Mazovia), intended as the seat of the Teutonic pfleger, directly subordinate to the commander of Ostróda, began at the end of the 14th century. The castle has so far been studied almost solely by historians of art, who were not entirely familiar with the numerous medieval written sources that referred to it. The analysis of the records (documents, correspondence, bills, stock lists) carried out in this article provides answers to two key questions. First, the brick castle of the Teutonic pfleger in Nidzica, which has survived to this day, was built in the period of 1399–1409, contrary to the suggestions of previous researchers, who dated it about 20 years earlier. The main (western) wing was completed in 1405. In the following years, intensive construction work was carried out on the other three wings of the main castle and the surrounding defensive curtain wall (and possibly the outer bailey). In March 1409, the first mention of a Teutonic pfleger appeared in the sources, and the newly built castle became his headquarters. Secondly, the earlier wood-earthen fortress (probably erected in the 1350s) was placed in a different location, which is still unrecognized today.
Źródło:: Zapiski Historyczne; 2022, 87, 3; 5-22
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:: Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: (Wild)haus w Bezławkach (Bayselauken, Bäslack) – uwagi na temat budownictwa warownego zakonu niemieckiego w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach
(Wild)haus in Bezławki (Bayselauken, Bäslack) – remarks on the construction of fortifications of the Teutonic Order in late medieval Prussia
Autorzy:: Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193954.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:: Late Middle Ages
late medieval Prussia
Warmia (Ermland)
castles
construction of fortifications
the military affairs in the Late Middle Ages
conflicts
Opis:: The article constitutes a collection of remarks concerning military aspects of the construction and functioning of the Teutonic Order’s castle in Bäslack (Bayselauken, Bezławki) in the last decades of the 14th century. Considerations included in the article refer to opinions expressed by the authors of the collective monograph about the late medieval settlement complex in Bezławki published in 2013. It presents the findings of archeological research in the castle and the village in the years 2008–2012. Remarks presented in the article concern three out of six problems which are considered the most essential. While it goes beyond doubt that the castle played an important defensive role and fulfiled function as a getaway spot, the hypothesis of it being a „fortified camp” for the army troops during military actions of the Teutonic Order against the Lithuanians and Ruthenians has been undermined. It is not possible to consider it to play a military role on a strategic level, as do the authors of the monograph of 2013. In the second part of the article the author undermines the hypothesis about the „system” character of the complexes of fortifications situated on the eastern outskirts of Prussia. If the castle in Bäslack was indeed part of some defensive system, this could operate only on the local level and consist of an insignificant number of elements including longitudinal fortifications constituting the so called „landwere”. The next issue addressed by the author was a problem of the typological character of the term „wildhaus”. As in the 14th century the term connoted the location of the fortification on the edges of the Wildniss-areas, the author shows a far-reaching morphological diversity of fortifications on the eastern outskirts of Prussia, which were or could be classified as „wildhaus”. Thus, a „wildhaus” cannot be classified as a morphological type of a fortification. The typology of fortifications based on the morphological criteria cannot be connected with the typology based on the administrative and terminological criteria. Archeological examination of the Bäslack fortification complex evinces its major cognitive potential and makes us aware of how little is known about the functioning of minor fortifications in late medieval Prussia. Further research in this research field belongs to one of the most important elements of historical science in the Prussian regional dimension and related humanities.
Źródło:: Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 2; 7-46
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:: Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Kariera Michała Küchmeistra w zakonie krzyżackim w Prusach do 1410 roku
The Career of Michael Küchmeister in the Teutonic Order in Prussia until 1410
Autorzy:: Jóźwiak, Sławomir
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913220.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-12-31
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:: Teutonic Order
Prussia
Michael Küchmeister
territorial authority
administration
late Middle Ages
Opis:: The analysis of primary sources presented in this article determines that the career of Michael Küchmeister in the administrative structures of the State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia until 1410 at certain points significantly differed from what the scholarly literature previously assumed. His first office to appear in primary sources was the castle commander of the Commandry of Rhein, newly established in 1394. After that territorial administration unit was dissolved in 1397, Küchmeister held other offices in the Commandry of Balga, such as the companion of a local commander and the Pfleger of Rastenburg. However, in 1400 he certainly was not the Schäffer of Elbing. Immediately before the end of June 1402, Küchmeister was appointed the Großschäffer of Königsberg. Most likely he held this office until the end of September 1404. From this moment, he was probably the Pfleger of Gerdauen for a year and then in September 1405, he was granted the office of a Vogt in Samogitia which had been re-conquered by the Teutonic Order. He stayed there until August 1409. In September 1409, by command of Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen, he set out on a diplomatic mission to Hungary. Unfortunately, there is no record of his actions in the period of six months between August 1409 and April 1410. At the end of April 1410, he was appointed the Vogt in the Teutonic Neumark. The further steps in the career of Küchmeister, who eventually reached the office of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order in January 1414, are well known.
Źródło:: Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 4; 55-69
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:: Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Opisy granicy państwa zakonu krzyżackiego w Prusach z Księstwem Słupskim z XIV i XV wieku
Descriptions of the Boundaries of the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia with the Duchy of Słupsk of the 14th and 15th Centuries
Autorzy:: Długokęcki, Wiesław
Simiński, Rafał
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075526.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018-06-30
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:: Prussia
the monastic state
the Pomeranian-Teutonic boundaries
the Late Middle Ages
Opis:: The edition presents the sources concerning the borders between the Duchy of Słupsk and the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia of the 14th and 15th century. The basis for the edition are records included in the boundary book – the so called Grenzbuch B with the entry number OF 270a preserved in XX. Hauptabteilung in the Secret State Archive in Berlin-Dahlem. Among the published sources, texts no. 3, 6, 7 were edited by Reinhold Cramer, but they fail to include the dates (no. 6, 7) and the explanations of topographic names appearing in them. The remaining texts were not published (no. 1–2, 4–5, 8–12). The first group of sources (no. 1–4) was written in the period from the second half of the 14th century to the beginning of the 15th century. The second group of descriptions (no. 507) resulted from the circuit [Polish: ujazd] around the boundary by the Gdańsk commander Albrecht, earl von Schwarzburg of the end of 1405. They were included in the introductory Pomeranian-Teutonic border agreement of 14 October 1407, next in the sealed agreement of 23 September 1408. The creation of the third group of descriptions (8–9) should be associated with Teutonic preparations to the arbitration agreement in front of the Roman and Hungarian king Sigismund of Luxembourg, and with the activity of the sub-arbiter Benedict Makrai in the years 1412–1413. The last group of descriptions (no. 10–12) was created in the situation of the conflict concerning the establishment of the border between the Człuchów commandry and the Szczecinek land in the vicinity of Dołgie Lake in 1417. None of the published sources presents the whole Pomeranian-Teutonic border from the estuary of the river Łeba to the Baltic Sea in the north to Lędyczek in the south, but its individual fragments. Description no. 1 includes the description of the border between the Człuchów commandry / the Tuchola commandry and the Kingdom of Poland. In source no. 2 there is a list of arbitrators from the Pomeranian party and the Teutonic party negotiating the border between the villages of Oskowo and Siemirowice / Unieszyno. The information about informer and arbitrators may be found in source no. 3 (both the Pomeranian and Teutonic parties) and no. 4 (the Teutonic party). Each of the published descriptions is characterized by precision and plethora of topographic names. They should be used for the analysis of the problem of shaping and functioning of the border between the Duchy of Słupsk and the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia in the context of the political and economic situation on the Pomeranian-Teutonic borderland in the Late Middle Ages.
Źródło:: Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 2; 169-206
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:: Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Qui bona fide a non domino emit. Digesta justyniańskie jako prawny punkt odniesienia w sporze gminy miejskiej z władcą zwierzchnim w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach
Qui bona fide a non domino emit: Justinian’s Digest as the Legal Reference Point in the Conflict between the Urban Municipality and its Ruler in Prussia in the Late Middle Ages
Autorzy:: Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194315.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:: Late Middle Ages
Prussia
the Teutonic Order
Elbląg
towns
Roman law
conflicts
Opis:: The article addresses the conflict generated in the last decade of the 13th century between the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order and the city of Elbląg. The analysis of the preserved sources allowed us to show the dynamics of the conflict, in which the authorities of Elbląg appealed not only to Canon law, but also to the norms of Roman civil law included in the Digesta (Pandects) of Justinian. It was an untypical conduct for then Prussian circumstances. On 16 August 1300 in Paris, the authorities of Elbląg obtained a legal interpretation concerning several controversial matters issued by two well-known lawyers – the advisor to King Philip IV of France, Pierre de Belleperche and Hugo de Besancon. The ruling was based on the interpretation of the sentence by Ulpian Domitius (Digesta 32,2,13). One of the problems addressed in the interpretation was the range of the military duties falling to Elbląg’s burghers regarding the Teutonic Order. The authorities of Elbląg endeavoured to find a legal explanation to support their negative attitude towards the Teutonic Order’s new practice of summoning new military contingents from the city of Elblag to take part in military activities undertaken by the Teutonic Order in the remote eastern edges of the Prussian Land. The legal opinion issued by both lawyers from Paris was favourable for the inhabitants of Elbląg, as it was stipulated that any decision about summoning was the jurisdiction of the Schultheiß (scultetus) elected by the city council. It is difficult to establish what the actual role of the opinion issued by the Paris lawyers was in the conflict between Elbląg and the Teutonic Order, but the mere fact that Elbląg’s burghers’ asked these lawyers in Paris for help indicates that the inhabitants of Elbląg at the end of the 13th century were not only affluent merchants, but also people with an ambition to exercise power. Such ambitions were supported by the authorities of the city, characterised by wide intellectual and cultural horizons. The actions undertaken by the inhabitants of Elbląg addressed in the article remain one of the very few examples of recourse to the ancient system of Roman law in a conflict concerning a particular local law (in this case the law of the city of Lübeck).
Źródło:: Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 3; 7-30
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:: Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Dokument dotyczący Bezławek z 1409 ROKU
Autorzy:: Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364924.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:: Late Middle Ages
Teutonic Order
rural settlements
Freien
Bezławki (formerly Bäslack)
Prussia
Opis:: The presented contribution contains a discussion and a version of the document on the Bezławki settlement (Germ. Bäslack) dated 29 June 1409. This source survived only as a 16th-century copy included in a larger notebook with excerpts of documents confirming the bestowal of lands, estate sale and purchase transactions and land borders within the Rastenburg Hauptamt. Next to information relevant to the history of Bezławki and the nearby settlements, the discussed document also presents the manner of creating dependencies between the less affluent and the rich landowners belonging to the group of the so-called free men (Germ. Freien). As a result, it illustrates the mediatisation process, which is rather poorly confirmed by source documents and virtually non-researched for Prussia of the 1st half of the 15th century.
Źródło:: Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2020, 307, 1; 147-153
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:: Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Von Preußen ins Reich. Der Burgdorfer Krieg und die Heimatreise der einfachen Ordensbrüder Rudolf und Konrad von Kyburg aus dem Jahre 1383
From Prussia to the Reich: The Burgdorf War and the Journey Home by Two Ordinary Teutonic Knights – Rudolf and Konrad von Kyburg in 1383
Autorzy:: Gotówko, Piotr
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1058556.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-03-31
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:: journeys
travel expenses
Teutonic Order
Teutonic Knights
Prussia
Switzerland
Burgdorf War
late Middle Ages
Opis:: Not many primary sources document the lives of ordinary Teutonic Knights who were not among the highest officials of the Order. Therefore, the preserved mentions from the town of Burgdorf, modern-day Switzerland, prove to be of great importance. These refer to two Teutonic Knights, Konrad and Rudolf von Kyburg, who returned to their homeland during the summer of 1383. It is all the more interesting due to the fact that the older of the two – Konrad – was referred to in a document of 1375 as an ordinary Teutonic Knight staying in Balga. His younger brother is also likely to have served in the Teutonic Order in Prussia. The reason for their journey home was the Burgdorf War, which was started in November of 1382 by their nephew Rudolf II von Kyburg, who made an unsuccessful attempt at capturing the town of Solothurn. It resulted in a conflict with Bern, which was the most powerful city in that region. The return of Konrad and Rudolf to their homeland would not have been possible without the approval of their superiors, including the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. The scarce primary sources that were preserved indicate that the two Teutonic Knights tried to alleviate the conflict by diplomatic means, however, without success. They were given a certain amount of time before they were obliged to return to Prussia. The issue of financing the journey is really interesting. Even though the presence of the two Teutonic Knights was certainly beneficial for the von Kyburg family, it is highly unlikely that the relatives covered their travel expenses, as the family had been impoverished long before the war even began, and it needed to allocate all the available resources for the defense of the ancestral castle. Thus, the Teutonic Order was forced, against its thirteenth-century rules, not only to approve but also finance the purely private journey of its two longtime members to their homeland.
Źródło:: Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 1; 5-27
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:: Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Budownictwo warowne jako narzędzie intensyfikacji władztwa na obrzeżach kraju. Casus Bezławek w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach
Constructing Strongholds as a Means of Strengthening Territorial Authority on Peripheries: The Case of the Castle in Bäslack (Bezławki) in Late Medieval Prussia
Autorzy:: Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913066.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-09-30
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:: late Middle Ages
Prussia
Ermland
Warmia
Teutonic Order
castles
territorial authority
fortifications
conflicts
colonisation
Opis:: The article concerns the chronological framework and circumstances of constructing a castle of the Teutonic Order in Bäslack (Bezławki). The research was based on written, mainly manuscript, primary sources. A detailed analysis has been made of the colonisation carried out by the Teutonic Order in the lower and middle course of the Dajna River, where this castle was built, in the region of Barten (Bartia). The analysis made it possible to date back the chronology of constructing the stronghold to the 1370s. It was also argued that the direct reason for erecting the castle was the conflict of the Bishop of Ermland (Warmia) Johann II Stryprock with the Teutonic Order, which had been escalating in the 1360s, and which ended only in 1374/1375. On the one hand, the construction of the castle in Bäslack was to symbolically emphasise the dominant position of the Teutonic Order in Prussia and its supremacy over the dominion of the bishops of Ermland. On the other hand, it was to serve as a tangible demarcation of the territory which was directly under the rule of the Teutonic Order in the region, where the border between the lands controlled by the Teutonic Knights and by the bishops of Ermland had not been firmly established, which was one of the causes of the aforementioned conflict.
Źródło:: Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 3; 81-116
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:: Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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