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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Пробелы в исследованиях истории становления налоговой системы Украины: критический дискурс
    Gaps in studies of the history of formation of the tax system of Ukraine: critical discourse
    Autorzy:
    Kuznichenko, Sergey
    Boksgorn, Anastasiya
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1945332.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-04-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Greek city-states
    Black Sea Goths
    white Croats
    Khazar Khaganate
    taxes
    history of tax relations
    Opis:
    The article deals with the analysis of the researches of some stages in the history of the formation of the tax system of modern Ukraine: the antique period of the Greek policies on the Northern Black Sea coast (VII-I centuries BC), the period of the early Middle Ages – the times of kingdoms in Central and Eastern Europe (III-IV centuries), proto-states of the White Croats (VI-IX centuries) and the times of the Khazar Khaganate (VII-X centuries). As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the researchers of the history of tax law of Ukraine in the majority avoid the study of tax law institutions that were present in the fiscal relations of these periods. This causes gaps in the historical and legal science regarding the study of this issue, makes it impossible to assess the effectiveness of ancient tax systems, as well as to form a complete reliable picture of the genesis of tax law in modern Ukraine. The purpose of this article is to identify unexplored issues related to the history of the formation and development of the tax system in Ukraine, to identify perspective areas of scientific research in this part of historical and legal science.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2020, 19, 2; 199-216
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Новые данные о находке византийского меча на территории Харьковской области
    New data on the found of a Byzantine sword in the Kharkov region
    Autorzy:
    BARANOV, Gennadiy V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517565.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
    Tematy:
    Byzantine sword
    Khazar Kaghanate
    medieval weapon
    Opis:
    The article introduces new data which is connected to the found of a Byzantine sword in the Kharkov region of Ukraine. Previously, it was assumed that the sword was found on the territory of Sukhogomolshansky cremation grave field, but today it is proven that the sword originates from a cremation grave of the grave field near the village Kitsevka. Probably, this sword should be connected to the diplomatic relations between the Byzantine Empire and the Khazar Kaghanate.
    Źródło:
    Historia i Świat; 2019, 8; 91-98
    2299-2464
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia i Świat
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rus and Khazars
    Autorzy:
    Howard-Johnston, James
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31331510.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Rus
    Khazar
    Byzantium
    history
    9th–10th century
    Opis:
    The southern thrust of the Rus in the ninth–tenth centuries is to be explained not only by Viking hunger for wealth and glory, but also by the large, rapidly growing market for furs in the Caliphate. In order to reach that market, the Rus had to cross the Khazars’ sphere of influence in the steppes and wooded steppes of the Volga and Don regions. The khaganate was a great power, which presided over many client peoples. It was perhaps awareness of the potential threat posed by the Rus which prompted the Khazars to improve their northern defences in the 830s. There is clear evidence that they then extended their authority over the Rus, their khagan being acknowledged as Rus ruler. The subsequent history of the Rus, up to their successful rebellion in 965, can only be understood if account is taken of Khazar influence and of wider geopolitical circumstances. The following propositions, all to some extent conjectural, are put forward: (1) that the first Rus attack on Constantinople in 860 was a show of force, timed to coincide with several Arab raids on Byzantine territory, and that it was initiated by the Khazars at the urging of the central Abbasid authorities; (2) that Byzantium was seeking a useful ally both against the Balkan Bulgars and against the Sajids of Azerbaijan, when it offered substantial trade concessions to the Rus in 911, that no objection was made by the Khazars, who had recently faced problems from the Oghuz Turks and their Pecheneg clients, and that the treaty resulted in a damaging Rus raid in the Caspian region after 912–913; (3) that there was a serious deterioration in Khazar-Byzantine relations in the 920s; (4) that the second Rus attack on Constantinople in 941 (this time in great force) was instigated by the Khazars, in response to an abortive Rus rebellion; and (5) that the Rus subsequently patched up relations with the Khazars, who allowed them to invade Azerbaijan in 944–945, and made peace with the Byzantines, signing a new trade treaty in 944. Apart from some evidence of assimilation of Khazar customs, it was the division of the Rus into twenty or so distinct principalities which was the principal longterm outcome of Khazar influence.
    Źródło:
    Studia Ceranea; 2023, 13; 381-418
    2084-140X
    2449-8378
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ceranea
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chaganat chazarski a Skandynawowie w Europie Wschodniej – kontakty i ich charakter w IX–X wieku
    Autorzy:
    Polek, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311702.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    the beginnings of Kievan State
    Pre-Christian Rus’
    Black Sea littoral
    Caspian Sea
    littoral
    Eastern Europe
    Upper and Lower Volga region
    Middle Dniepr region
    eastern Slavs
    ethnic and political relations
    Khazar Khaganate
    Pax Khazarica
    Magyars
    Volga Bulgars
    Pechenegs
    Scandinavians
    Rurik
    Oleg
    Igor
    Sviatoslav
    Vladimir
    początki państwa kijowskiego
    Ruś przedchrześcijańska
    wybrzeże czarnomorskie
    wybrzeże kaspijskie
    Europa Wschodnia
    region środkowego Dniepru
    relacje etniczne i polityczne
    chaganat chazarski
    Pax Chazarica
    Węgrzy
    Pieczyngowie
    Skandynanowie
    Ruryk
    Światosław
    Włodzimierz
    Bułgarzy nadwołżańscy
    region górnej i dolnej Wołgi
    Opis:
    From its emergence in the 7th century until its fall in 965, the Khazar Khaganate played a decisive role among the tribes and peoples settled in Eastern Europe. The Pax Khazarica contributed to the stabilization of ethnic and political relations in the region, which in turn gave the khaganate a high status in contacts with the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate. The Khazars benefited from the favorable geographic location and the benefits they gained from participating in long-distance trade. With the arrival of Scandinavian newcomers and the development of their settlement in the northern and north-eastern part of the Ruthenian lands (the area around Lake Ladoga and the upper Volga basin), contacts with them played an increasingly important role in the history of the Chaganate in the 9th-10th centuries. Oleg’s taking of power in Kiev and the territorial development of the Ruthenian state was a crucial moment. Although the Khazars maintained a strong position among the peoples and tribes of Eastern Europe during the first half of the 10th century, it was not without difficulties. The reason was the growing activity of the Scandinavians not only among the Slavs who settled in the basin of the Dnieper, Oka and the upper Volga, but also in the lands that were the immediate hinterland of the khaganate (Black Sea region, the mouth of the Volga and the Caspian region). In addition to merchant expeditions, the Varangians organized – with great panache and range - raids of a looting nature (e.g. Prince Igor’s campaigns). It cannot be ruled out that they inuenced the nature of the relationship between the Khazars and their dependent tribes in Eastern Europe. The collapse of the Khaganate, which took place as a result of the war campaigns undertaken by Prince Sviatoslav (965, 969), may indicate a more significant (than previously assumed) internal weakening of the Khazar state. Undoubtedly, it was related to the change in the current system of political and ethnic relations in Eastern Europe, and the actions of the Kiev princes played a decisive role. Another reason was the change in the course of the existing long-distance trade routes, and thus the reduction of the influence that the Khazars obtained from their control. Despite the progress in research on the history of the khaganate, little is known about its relations with the Scandinavians settled in Eastern Europe, as well as with Slavic tribes, including those remaining outside the Khazar sphere of influence, and the consequences of the fall of Khazar domination for the region’s economy. The research conducted so far shows that the influence of the Khazars, although not confirmed in all spheres, was more intense, as evidenced by the reception of the kagan title in relation to the Ruthenian rulers in the 10th-11th centuries.
    Źródło:
    Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne; 2022, 14; 5-57
    2450-4475
    Pojawia się w:
    Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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