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Tytuł:
When Is Genocide a Crime of Genocide? The Holodomor and the Katyn Massacre as a Crime of Genocide
Autorzy:
Masło, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40248949.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Katyn Massacre
genocide
Holodomor
Opis:
The Holodomor and Katyn Massacre are founding crimes of the USSR and the Eastern Bloc’s state. Their common feature was an attempt to annihilate nations and prevent them from achieving independence. Quite often, both crimes are called genocide, but their legal qualification from the perspective of the then international law is extremely difficult. However, there are solid grounds for qualifying both of these crimes, and particularly the Katyn Massacre, as genocide. As a result of the development of the law of armed conflicts in international law in the 1930s and 1940s, there was a ban on committing acts that the 1948 Convention defined as genocide.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, Special Issue; 31-54
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Katyn – Golgotha of the East
Autorzy:
Jaroszek, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22676675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Łodzi
Tematy:
Katyn massacre
stalinism
genocide
NKVD
Opis:
Poland has experienced two cruel systems. One of them was fascism, symbolized by the German Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau. The second one was Stalinism, Katyn will remain its symbol forever. For over 50 years, no other issue in Polish-Soviet relations was as concealed as the Katyn massacre. In this essay, I will talk about the genocide in 1940 on 22,000 Poles (soldiers and civilians), investigations in this matter, and the fight for the truth. Everyone knew that any public statement about this crime could have significant consequences, such as dismissal from work or school expulsion. The Katyn genocide was a war crime that was first concealed and then distorted for the longest time. It can be said that it was a crime against the Polish nation.For many years, the press, radio, and television did not talk about it. On April 13, 2020, Polish people celebrated the Katyn Massacre Remembrance Day. In the spring of the year 1940, during two months in and around Katyn (currently in Russia), executioners from the NKVD, ordered by the Soviet authorities, murdered 21,857 prisoners of war with a shot in the back of the head. NKVD-People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. This enormously evil deed of the Bolsheviks is called the Golgotha of the East. Golgotha is a place near Jerusalem where convicts were executed. Christians believe that Jesus Christ was crucified in this place. Similarly, innocent Polish officers were killed at this place of execution. The name of the crime comes from the village of Katyń near Smolensk, where victims were murdered and buried.
Źródło:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne; 2022, 31, 1; 141-151
1231-1634
Pojawia się w:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Remembrance of the Katyń Massacre and President Lech Kaczyńskis Concept of Polish-Russian Relations [2005-2010]
Autorzy:
Wawrzyński, Patryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
President of Poland
Katyń Massacre
Polish air force
Opis:
Lech Kaczyński’s tragic death was a direct cause of the détente in PolishRussian relations, proclaimed by Prime Minister Donald Tusk and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin just after the Polish Air Force Tu-154 Crash. However this rapprochement is far from the political concept of the President. Considering the Polish internal debate on a proper form of Polish-Russian relations, I would like – in this short article to present a way as to how President Kaczyński understood challenges, that both nations have to pick up.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2012, 41; 507-525
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zbrodnia Katyńska i los deportowanych rodzin zamordowanych „duchowych ojców narodu” w świadomości społeczeństwa polskiego
Катинський злочин і доля депортованих родин вбитих «духовних батьків народу» у свідомості польського суспільства
Autorzy:
Kowalska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
Katyń Massacre,
deportation,
public awareness,
public opinion polls
Opis:
The words of Professor Barbara Szacka: “We know who we are only because we know what we did yesterday and the day before”, are the motto of this article, These words are meant to encourage reflection on the results of public opinion polls which present the state of the formation of civic attitudes in the Polish society. The article briefly presents the history of concealing the truth about Katyń, which in many ways affected the formation of such attitudes. Instead of providing clear answers, however, further questions arise: Which aspects of the plan to shape the Polish model of “homo sovieticus” succeeded? To what extent were civic attitudes of Polish intelligentsia and future generations of Poles shaped by this model? Are we already a nation or still or only a federation of families? Is Katyń “...only private mourning, or perhaps ... a national disaster”?
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2015, 5; 240-247
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Niechaj martwi ufają żywym”. Wspomnienie adw. Stanisława Mikke – w 10. rocznicę śmierci
"Let the dead trust the living". About Stanisław Mikke on the 10th anniversary of his death
Autorzy:
Redzik, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/498913.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja im. Aliny i Leszka Allerhandów
Tematy:
Stanisław Mikke
the Katyn massacre
the Smolensk catastrophe
Opis:
The article is dedicated to Stanisław Mikke, a Warsaw lawyer involved in the commemoration of the Katyn massacre, vice-chairman of the Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom, who died in the plane crash in Smolensk on 10 April 2010. The background of the article is constituted by lustrations and reflections on another anniversary of the Katyn massacre.
Źródło:
Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda; 2020, 3, 1(5); 236-244
2657-7984
2657-800X
Pojawia się w:
Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Katyn Massacre – Basic Facts
Autorzy:
Komaniecka, Monika
Samsonowska, Krystyna
Szpytma, Mateusz
Zechenter, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668509.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Katyn massacre
Soviet policy
All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Opis:
Katyn is a symbol of the criminal policy of the Soviet system against the Polish nation. The present study aims to demonstrate the basic facts of Katyn massacre – the execution of almost 22,000 people: Polish prisoners of war in Katyn, Kharkov, Kalinin (Tver) and also other Polish prisoners (soldiers and civilians), which took place in the spring of 1940 in different places of the Soviet Ukraine and Belarus republics based on the decision of the Soviet authorities, that is the Political Bureau of All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of March 5, 1940. This article refers not only to the massacre itself, but also its origin, historical processes and the lies accompanying Katyn massacre.
Źródło:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2013, 3, 2
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dowcipy a media. Pierwsza polska seria niesmacznych dowcipów katastroficznych
Jokes and Mass Media. The first Polish Series of Sick Disaster Jokes
Autorzy:
Brzozowska, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-02
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
sick disaster jokes
media
politics
Katyń massacre
Polish culture
Opis:
The paper deals with the occurrence of sick disaster jokes in the Polish culture. It presents a characteristics of the Polish jokes about the crash of the air-plane with the Polish President and the First Lady on board as well as numcrous VIPs of the Polish establishment flying in to attend the commemoration event marking the 70th anniyersary of the Katyń massacre of thousands of Poles by Soviet forces during WWI1. The piane crashed near the Smoleńsk military airport on 10 April 2010. Three groups of te\ts about the Kaczyński brothers, their sources and socio-cultural conte\ts are analysed. The jokes cover the period before the disaster, describe its course and are also related to the 2010 presidential elections. The author compares the character of the Scripts appearing in the specified groups of jokes, and pays special attention to a unique in Polish culture character of the jokes related to mass media, their connections with traditions and w ith the systems of values and beliefs. Such jokes undergo a unification under the influence of the globalisation changing Poles’ preferences conceming the ways of talking about disaster victims.
Źródło:
Stylistyka; 2010, 19; 119-134
1230-2287
2545-1669
Pojawia się w:
Stylistyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Роль языковых средств при описании польско-российских отношений в текстах, посвященных теме Катыни (на материале „Газеты Выборча” за период 1989–1999 гг.)
The role of linguistic means in the description of Polish-Russian relations in the texts dedicated to the topic of the Katyn massacre (on the materials of “Gazeta Wyborcza” in the period of 1989 to 1999)
Autorzy:
Lukianov, Dmitrii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2225046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
linguistic means
metaphor
lexeme
Polish-Russian relations
Katyn massacre
Opis:
In order to form a certain image, media employ various linguistic means, such as metaphors, comparative structures, etc. Based on the material from “Gazeta Wyborcza” concerning the topic of the Katyn massacre, the present study attempts to reconstruct the image of Polish-Russian relations and decide what role the linguistic means used in the articles play in creating the discussed phenomenon. As a result the author concludes that there are two points of view about Russia presented in “Gazeta Wyborcza”. On the one hand, Russia is a criminal country and a debtor that cannot fulfil its obligations. On the other hand, Russia is a state that is open for cooperation and capable of helping. There are also two different points of view about the Polish-Russian relationships. As stated by some experts, Polish-Russian relations in the analyzed period are characterized as negative. According to the other opinions (prior to the 2022 war), these relations are getting better and perhaps will continue to improve.
Źródło:
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia; 2022, 47, 2; 145-154
0081-6884
Pojawia się w:
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adam Franciszek Epler (1902–1940): A Forgotten Musician of Interwar Lviv
Autorzy:
Gurgul, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159098.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Koło Naukowe Studentów Muzykologii UJ
Tematy:
Adam Epler
Lviv
guitar
mandolin orchestra
Polish Radio
Katyn massacre
victim
Opis:
This article is an introduction to the artistic profile of a Polish conductor, composer and guitarist Adam Franciszek Epler. This forgotten creative persona left the artistic legacy of compositions and arrangements for mandolin orchestra ensemble. Moreover, he was the first Polish guitarist playing Polish lute music, a founder of the first Polish guitar trio named Lwowskie Trio Gitarowe and a musician in the most popular interwar radio broadcast Wesoła Lwowska Fala. As a composer and conductor of the Orchestra of Mandolin Society “Hejnał” from Lviv, he also took part in numerous radio broadcasts of Polish Radio Lviv. His musical activities, similarly to the entire mandolin heritage in Poland and guitar history in interwar Poland, requires further research, and this article is one of the first contributions to these research topics.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ; 2020, 2(45) ENG; 23-58
2956-4107
2353-7094
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adam Franciszek Epler (1902–1940) – zapomniany muzyk międzywojennego Lwowa
Adam Franciszek Epler (1902–1940): A Forgotten Musician of Interwar Lviv
Autorzy:
Gurgul, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154762.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Koło Naukowe Studentów Muzykologii UJ
Tematy:
Adam Epler
Lviv
guitar
mandolin orchestra
Polish Radio
Katyn massacre
victim
Opis:
This article is an introduction to the artistic profile of a Polish conductor, composer and guitarist Adam Franciszek Epler. This forgotten creative persona left the artistic legacy of compositions and arrangements for mandolin orchestra ensemble. Moreover, he was the first Polish guitarist playing Polish lute music, a founder of the first Polish guitar trio named Lwowskie Trio Gitarowe and a musician in the most popular interwar radio broadcast Wesoła Lwowska Fala. As a composer and conductor of the Orchestra of Mandolin Society “Hejnał” from Lviv, he also took part in numerous radio broadcasts of Polish Radio Lviv. His musical activities, similarly to the entire mandolin heritage in Poland and guitar history in interwar Poland, requires further research, and this article is one of the first contributions to these research topics.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ; 2020, 2(45); 25-60
2956-4107
2353-7094
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relacje polsko-rosyjskie w retoryce politycznej obchodów rocznic zbrodni katyńskiej po 1989 roku. Perspektywa politolingwistyczna
Polish-Russian Relations in the Political Rhetoric of Events Commemorating the Katyń Massacre after 1989. The Perspective of Political Linguistics
Autorzy:
Czubaj-Kuźmin, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616641.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Polish-Russian relations
the Katyn massacre
anniversaries
relacje polsko-rosyjskie
zbrodnia katyńska
rocznice
Opis:
Polish-Russian relations seem to be heavily burdened by historical experience. History in- fluences the present not only indirectly, via historical facts, but also via the ways of commem- orating them. Referring to their memories, social groups strengthen the sense of their own uniqueness and cultural identity. One of the ways to commemorate events are anniversary celebrations accompanied by a certain political rhetoric. The author analyzes the texts, press releases, commentaries and an- niversary speeches given by politicians to commemorate the Katyñ massacre published by the „Gazeta Wyborcza” and „Rzeczpospolita” daily in April 1990, 2000 and 2010. Among the figures of memory identified in the analyzed texts which are typical of the Pol- ish-Russian dialogue concerning the Katyñ issue over the period of 1990–2010, there prevails a certain group of topoi appropriated by the language of politics from Christianity, and pre- cisely from the sacrament of confession. These topoi are based on reconciliation and compen- sation. Other topoi involve those of a victim, righteous Russian or a common field of memory.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2012, 3; 115-124
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Children of State Police Offi cers and Soldiers of the Polish Army in NKVD Special Camps
Autorzy:
Fałdowska, Maryla
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
security
humanitarian law
Geneva Convention
Soviet captivity
juvenile prisoners of war
Katyń massacre
Opis:
The article presents issues concerning juvenile prisoners of three special camps in Kozielsk, Starobielsk and Ostashkov. The author draws attention to the lack of definition of the legal status of minors after 1918, and thus — the lack of provisions on ensuring the safety of children in the international standards governing the treatment of prisoners of war in force during World War II and internal legal acts of the Soviet Union. The article emphasizes that the participation of children in armed conflicts was regulated as late as ten years after the outbreak of World War II in international humanitarian law, adopting on 12 August 1949 “The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War” (Fourth Geneva Convention), under which children are entitled to special treatment or protection measures. The provisions of conventions protecting children during the war included, among others, regulations concerning the creation of special zones and sanitary facilities, evacuation from the besieged zone, provision of necessary food and clothing, provision of medical and hospital care, education or transfer to a neutral country. The author notes that the Fourth Geneva Convention does not contain a provision on special protection and care for juveniles, and that children during warfare are classified exclusively as civilian population. The circumstances of the Soviet captivity of minors after September 17, 1939, their stay in and leaving the camps, the reasons for selection, after which they were left alive and not included in the “death transports”, described in the article, make it possible to determine the number of rescued and murdered.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2018, 10(2); 197-213
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ściganie sprawców kłamstwa katyńskiego w III Rzeszy
Prosecution of the Perpetrators of the Katyń Massacre Lie in the Third Reich
Autorzy:
Graczyk, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Katyń, crime, criminal speech, criticism of the state, actions against the military,
Katyń Massacre Lie, propaganda
Opis:
This article addresses the criminal liability of German citizens for the so-called Katyń Massacre Lie during the Third Reich. Its source materials are the records of three cases discovered in German archives. Questioning the official (and actual) German propaganda’s version about the massacre of Polish prisoners of war by the Soviets or negating its perpetration by the Soviets while attributing it to the Germans was subject to prosecution as criminal speech against the state. This paper brings to attention the circumstances under which such an act was committed, the statements said by the perpetrators, and a legal qualification which was grounds for indictment and conviction.
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2018, 11, 2; 139-148
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W cieniu wielkiej polityki. Londyńskie dzieje pomnika katyńskiego 1971 – 1976
Autorzy:
Polak, Bogusław
Polak, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Wielka Brytania
uchodźstwo polityczne
pomnik katyński
zbrodnia katyńska
cmentarz
Great Britain
political exile
Katyn memorial
Katyn massacre
cemetery
Opis:
Skomplikowane losy budowy i odsłonięcia pomnika Katyń 1940 na cmentarzu Gunnersbury do dziś budzą refleksję nad paradygmatami polityki mocarstw po obu stronach ówczesnej żelaznej kurtyny. Celem głównym artykułu jest przeanalizowanie – w oparciu o pozyskane źródła i opracowania – losów tego monumentu, odbijających w historycznym zwierciadle jedno z największych kłamstw sowieckich XX w., a zarazem ukazujących trudne warunki funkcjonowania polskiego uchodźstwa politycznego w Wielkiej Brytanii w drugiej połowie XX wieku. Politycy brytyjscy za wszelką cenę próbowali nie dopuścić do zaognienia konfliktu ze Związkiem Sowieckim. Działania Polaków w Wielkiej Brytanii zmierzające do upamiętnienia zbrodni katyńskiej nie były na rękę rządowi brytyjskiemu. Jedynie determinacji polskiego uchodźstwa należy zawdzięczać ostateczny sukces tej inicjatywy.
The complicated history of the construction and unveiling of the Katyn 1940 memorial in Gunnersbury Cemetery is still thought-provoking on the policy paradigms of the superpowers on both sides of the then Iron Curtain. The main aim of this article is to analyse - on the basis of the obtained sources and studies - the fate of this monument, reflecting in a historical mirror one of the paramount Soviet lies of the 20th century and at the same time showing the difficult conditions for the functioning of Polish political emigration in Great Britain in the second half of the 20th century. At all costs British politicians tried to prevent the conflict with the Soviet Union from escalating. Activities of Poles in Great Britain that aimed at commemorating the Katyn massacre were not to the liking of the British government. The final success of this initiative should be credited to the determination of Polish refugees.
Źródło:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne; 2021, 28, 1; 221-232
1232-1575
Pojawia się w:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sprawa katyńska w podręcznikach polskich i rosyjskich na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
Autorzy:
Składanowski, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568502.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Katyn massacre
communism
The Republic of Poland
Russian Federation
катынский расстрел
коммунизм
Республика Польша
Российская Федерация
Opis:
Katyn crime, also known as the Katyn massacre, was one of those historical facts that were kept secret for a very long time. From 1943 when it was revealed to 1990 the soviet Union denied their responsibility for the massacre. Eventually, publishing the original documents on the order of Borys Jecyn and handing tchem down to Poland on 14 October 1992 definitely confirmed the perpetrators of the crime. In the historic consciousness of both Polish and Russian societies there are still many questions and doubts about “the background of the picture” of Katyn crime. Therefore I found it very sensible to analyze the problem of Katyn crime in various history course books in Poland and Russia. After the collapse of the communist political system both countries Poland and Russia introduced new history course books in all types of schools. The new course books not only mention the problem of Katyn crime but also say who was responsible for it. However, the Russians try to neutralize the crime by so called anti-Katyn, emphasizing the death of several thousands of Soviet soldiers imprisoned in Poland in the war of 1920 and after it.
Катынский расстрел, из-за осуществления его по поручению руководства советского государства и введения секретности действий, а также сознательного затирания его совершения в более позднем периоде, был одним из дольше всего скрываемых исторических фактов. С момента его выявления в 1943 году и вплоть до 1990 года руководство СССР отрицало свою ответственность за катынский расстрел. Практически лишь обнаружение оригинальных советских документов по поручению Бориса Ельцина и их передача Польше 14 октября 1992 года подтвердили окончательно ранее установленные факты. В сфере исторического сознания польского и российского общества по-прежнему однако продолжается борьба за определение «фона картины» катынского расстрела. Поэтому имело смысл вновь проанализировать вопрос катынского расстрела, который появлялся в школьных учебниках по истории в Польше и России. Равно в Польше, как и в России после падения коммунизма и введения но- вых учебников, обязательных во всех типах и видах школ, была размещена информация о катынском расстреле, с указанием совершения его советской стороной. Проблема состоит однако в том, что россияне с целью нейтрализировать катынский расстрел ввели в историографию так называемую «анти-катынь», то есть экспонирование смерти нескольких десятков тысяч большевистских военнопленных в польском плену в ходе и после войны 1920 года.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2016, 2(11); 171-187
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 35

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