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Tytuł:
Handel ludźmi jako przestępstwo i naruszenie praw człowieka – wyzwania dla kryminologii
Human Trafficking as a Crime and Human Rights Violation: Challenges for Criminology
Autorzy:
Lasocik, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
handel ludźmi
przestępczość transgraniczna
prawo karne
prawa człowieka
prawo międzynarodowe
human trafficking
human rights
penal law
cross-border crime
organised crime
international law
Opis:
Trafficking of human beings that constitutes a contemporary form of slavery is a human rights violation and a serious crime. Due to the importance of this crime, it is covered by several international instruments of a different legal nature. Among them, two are especially important: The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime and Council Framework Decision of l9 July 2002 on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings. There are two main features of human trafficking: these offences are transnational by nature and involve organised criminal groups. However, trafficking is considered transnational not only if it is committed in more than one state, but also if a substantial part of preparation or planning takes place in another state. There are numerous forms of crime human trafficking, such as the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery servitude or the removal of organs. It should be added that also child pornography is considered as human trafficking. As human trafficking is a complex phenomenon, there are also criminal activites which might be called ‘borderline’ such as forced marriages, marriage of  convenience, illegal adoption, sex tourism or forced domestic labour. Many of tchem are not even considered as crime. Human trafficking constitutes a serious challenge for criminology, as it becomes one of the most fruitful criminal activities. So far, it has not been a popular subject of studies and research. Although our knowledge of organised crime as such is growing significantly, the trafficking is a problem for crime control due to its nature, economic background, well-organised market of the services and the lack of knowledge and skills of the state institutions, and the ambivalence of the public.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2006, XXVIII; 233-253
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odpowiedzialność przedsiębiorstw wielonarodowych za naruszenia . praw człowieka
Responsibility of multinational corporations for international human rights abuses
Autorzy:
Wasiński, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596562.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
Prawo międzynarodowe, Prawa człowieka, Przedsiębiorstwa wielonarodowe
International Law, Human rights, Multinational corporations
Opis:
It is established that multinational corporations (MNCs) are capable of interfering with the enjoyment of a broad range of human rights. This article offers a high-altitude and highspeed look at a problem of individual, corporate and state accountability for acts of MNCs. Since existing obstacles of legal (i.e. lack of jurisdiction) and non-legal (e.g. protection of state’s political and economical interests) character considerably impair domestic systems of accountability in this respect, present analysis explores international system. Wherein partial recognition of MNC as an international actor is still not accompanied by creation of coherent set of primary norms directly binding on MNCs in the realm of international human rights law. Nevertheless one cannot ignore significant attempts made by international governmental organizations to shape activities of MNCs through non-binding instruments (soft-law). These instruments should not to be ignored as stimulating factors in state-centered international law-making process.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2010, LXXXI (81); 157-177
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International Economic Law in the 21st Century: Need for Stronger “Democratic Ownership” and Cosmopolitan Reforms
Autorzy:
Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706601.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
international economic law
human rights
EU
European Union
WTO
justice
Opis:
Most worldwide monetary, financial, trade and environmental agreements fail to protect international public goods (like prevention of climate change, transnational rule of law for the benefit of citizens) effectively and do not even mention human rights and consumer welfare. This contribution argues that the prevailing “Westphalian conceptions” of international economic law (IEL) as “international law among states”, “global administrative law”, multilevel economic regulation and international “conflicts law” must be “civilized” and “constitutionalized” by limiting multilevel governance through legal and judicial protection of cosmopolitan rights empowering citizens – as “democratic owners of IEL” – to hold their government agents more accountable for their obvious “governance failures”. Sections 1 to 10 discuss ten areas of IEL where the need for stronger protection of human rights is increasingly recognized. Sections 11 and 12 infer from the citizen-driven transformations of international investment law and European common market law that “market failures”, “governance failures” and related abuses of public and private power in international economic relations can be limited by empowering citizens and “courts of justice” to protect transnational rule of law for the benefit of citizens. The article criticizes the EU institutions for their nondemocratic assertion of “freedoms to violate international law” to the detriment of EU citizens, and discusses the links between the current financial and economic growth crises in the European Monetary Union and the persistent violations by most EU countries of their agreed fiscal and debt legal disciplines. If the main objective of law is to “institutionalize public reason” protecting citizens and their human rights, IEL requires far-reaching cosmopolitan reforms in the 21st century.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2011, 31; 9-46
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cenzura treści elektronicznych a międzynarodowa odpowiedzialność państwa za naruszenie praw człowieka
On-line censorship and state responsibility for human rights violations
Autorzy:
Kulesza, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
Prawa człowieka
Internet
Komunikowanie w internecie
Prawo międzynarodowe
Dostęp do informacji
Human rights
Communication on the Internet
International law
Access to information
Opis:
In the article the author examines state filtering of electronic content in terms of its compliance with international law, especially with provisions guaranteeing the freedom of expression and access to information. The White House implemented program “Internet Freedom”, whose aim is to introduce software enabling the circumvention of local content control in “filtering countries”, is subject to thorough analysis. The analysis covers recent (2011) events in Egypt, where the world’s first successful attempt at shutting down the Internet within state borders was completed. Although enforced through legitimate state actions this Internet shut-down was circumvented with the use of Google-introduced technology. The technology and its use seemed to meet the ideas behind the “Internet Freedom” program, introduced by the White House a few month prior to the Egypt events. In the course of argument the author discusses international responsibility for the possible breach of their international obligations by both: Egypt and the U.S. She provides for the assessment of the legality of the actions of Egyptian authorities’ introducing an Internate filter that constitutes an infringement of freedom of expression, as well as the responsibility of United States for their failure to halt a U.S. legal entity enabling users to circumvent the legitimate Egyptian technology. The author argues that the character of the global network requires a redefinition of state sovereignty, especially in the context of human rights protection on-line. An idea introduced by R.H. Weber of “shared sovereignty” is mentioned, as it reflects the basic principle of international Internet law: the principle of multistakeholder governance.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2012, LXXXV (85); 113-140
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Respect for privacy from the Strasbourg perspective
Autorzy:
Danaj, Lorenc
Prifti, Aleks
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
ECHR
international law
human rights
right for privacy
European Court of Strasbourg
the right to respect
personal information
personal identity
integrity
Opis:
Following a general overview of the EHCR case of law and some of its distinctive features, this article focuses on explaining the meaning of ‘privacy’, and guaranteed as a fundamental right in light of Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, using as illustrations the verdicts of some cases judged by the institutions of Strasbourg. Certain paragraphs of the article address a series of issues, which according to the Court-referring to the images created by the Convention-cover a range , within which any individual may freely follow the development of their personality. The article also raises some questions, which the ECHR has often fully answered,or at least, indirectly implied. The author elaborates also on limits of privacy as foreseen by paragraph 2 of Article8, as well as on some obligations that the Convention assigns to its contracting State-Parties.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2012, 05; 108-118
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Targeted Killings (Drone strikes) and the European Convention on Human Rights
Autorzy:
Bodnar, Adam
Pacho, Irmina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
ECHR
ECtHR
European Convention on Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights
human rights
drone
targeted killing
international law
Council of Europe
warfare
Opis:
More and more Member States of the Council of Europe are becoming interested in drone technology. Currently, a number of them either possess or wish to obtain unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with missiles. Due to the increased number of targeted killing operations committed with the use of drones by countries such as the United States or Israel, there is a probability that Member States might also use them for such operations, especially if their forces will be subject to joint command. Although the issue of targeted killings with the use of drones has not yet been subject to the scrutiny of the European Court of Human Rights, there are two main reasons why this may change in the near future. First, the Court has already ruled on the extraterritorial applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights, and second, the Convention places strict limits on any attempts to carry out targeted killings and leaves only a limited space for their use, even in the context of warfare. In this article we assess whether the Member States of the Council of Europe might be ever justified under the European Convention on Human Rights to carry out targeted killing operations using drones.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 189-208
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wolność zrzeszania się w związki zawodowe w aktach prawa międzynarodowego.
Freedom of association in trade unions in acts of international law.
Autorzy:
Grygiel-Kaleta, Żaneta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/443941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
Tematy:
związki zawodowe,
wolność związkowa,
prawa koalicji,
wolność zrzeszania się,
międzynarodowe prawo pracy,
prawa i wolności człowieka,
wolność polityczna
trade unions,
freedom of association,
right of association,
international labor law,
human rights and freedoms,
political freedom
Opis:
Międzynarodowe prawo pracy, zarówno o charakterze uniwersalnym, jak i regionalnym, wyznacza standardy ochrony wolności i praw człowieka, w szczególności wolności zrzeszania się w związki zawodowe. Niektóre akty prawne wskazują cel, do którego państwa-strony powinny dążyć; niektóre z nich stały się częścią polskiego obowiązującego prawodawstwa w drodze ratyfikacji. W niniejszej publikacji podjęte zostały rozważania nad zakresem wolności prawnie chronionej, wyznaczonej standardami międzynarodowymi, służącej urzeczywistnieniu zasady demokracji społecznej. Istotny aspekt stanowi określenie kręgu podmiotów, którym akty prawa międzynarodowego przyznają omawianą wolność, sposób ujęcia – w kategorii wolności bądź prawa, jak również określenie elementów składających się na pojęcie wolności zrzeszania się w związki zawodowe.
International labor law,bothuniversaland regional, sets standards for the protectionof freedomand human rights, in particular freedomof association intrade unions. Some actsindicate thepurpose for which theState Partyshall endeavor, some have become part ofthe Polishlegislation in forceby ratification. Inthis publicationhave been takenconsideringthescope of thelibertyprotectedby lawdesignatedinternational standards, aimed at the attainment ofsocialdemocracy. An importantaspectis the identification ofthe class of personsto whomactsof international lawgivefreedomdiscussed, treatment – in the categoryof freedomorrights, as well as to determinethe elements of theconcept of freedomof association intrade unions.
Źródło:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2012, 12; 283-298
1644-9126
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Book review: Uladzislau Belavusau: Freedom of Speech: Importing European and US Constitutional Models in Transitional Democracies, Routledge 2013, pp. 304
Autorzy:
Gliszczyńska-Grabias, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706927.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
book review, international law, freedom of speech, European Convention on Human Rights
Opis:
Book review of Uladzislau Belavusau: Freedom of Speech: Importing European and US Constitutional Models in Transitional Democracies, Routledge 2013.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2013, 33; 371-377
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Human Rights and the Denunciation of Treaties and Withdrawal from International Organisations
Autorzy:
Naldi, Gino
Magliveras, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/960346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
human rights
international law
denunciation of treaties
vclt
vienna convention on the law of treaties
Opis:
In recent years the international community has witnessed the denunciation of human rights treaties by a number of States, and increasingly voluble voices can be heard urging withdrawal from the European Convention of Human Rights and the European Union. What provision does international law make for dealing with such eventualities? The focus of this article is on the interaction between the law of treaties and human rights, with special attention paid to a distinctive category of treaties. Its purpose is to consider, firstly, the legal problems attached to actual and purported denunciations of, or withdrawals from, human rights treaties; and secondly, the termination of membership in international organisations with a commitment to the promotion and protection of human rights. In many instances provision is made for a lawful withdrawal so long as certain conditions are met and stipulated requirements complied with. But a prominent question remains: Do States have a unilateral right, under international law, to extricate themselves from such obligations in the absence of explicit permission to do so? The conclusion reached, in light of the special nature of human rights treaties and frameworks, is that absent a clear implication to the contrary, withdrawal is legally impermissible.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2013, 33; 95-127
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Międzynarodowe ramy normatywne administracji samorządowej – zarys zagadnienia
International normative frame-work of the self-government administration – draft of the problem
Autorzy:
Sozański, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/443865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
Tematy:
normy zwyczajowe
prawo międzynarodowe
prawo Unii
prawa człowieka
samorząd terytorialny
społeczność lokalna
modele samorządu i zasady ich funkcjonowania
Customary Norms
International Law
Self-Government its model and functioning
the Council of Europe and the European Union Legal Orders
Human Rights
Local and Regional Societies
Citizen’s Community.
Opis:
W międzynarodowych unormowaniach samorządu terytorialnego można wyróżnić standardy zwyczajowe i traktatowe, w tym konwencje o charakterze uniwersalnym, kontynentalnym i regionalnym. Często mylący termin prawo europejskie winien obejmować zarówno normy zwyczajowe, jak i traktatowe o charakterze euroatlantyckim i kontynentalnym, a wśród ostatnich należy eksponować zwłaszcza regulacje Rady Europy i prawa Unii (pośród kilkunastu możliwych do wyróżnienia systemów). Częstym błędem jest nieujmowanie przepisów acquis w kontekście całego systemu UE. Dla ram normatywnych samorządu istotne znaczenie (obok zasad z konwencji prawa człowieka) ma wolność, demokracja, rządy prawa i poszanowanie praw człowieka, a także partycypacja społeczna i społeczeństwo obywatelskie, których reguły, podobne w systemach Rady Europy i UE, wspomagane są także orzecznictwem i normami zwyczajowymi.
There are customary and treaty norms in the international Self-Government regulations, which may have universal, regional and subregional ranges. Term European Law is not correct (precise), because of existence of several different types and ranges of legal systems, among which there are Council of Europe and the European Union orders. Often specificity of the European Union order (including necessary interpretation in acquis context) is forgotten by authors. Basic frame of international regulations of self-government consists of freedom, democracy, rule of law and human rights protection, as well as citizen’s participation (citizen’s community) and informative society, with similar rules in the EU and the Council of Europe systems, enriched by judicial and customary norms.
Źródło:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2014, 14/1; 33-55
1644-9126
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Book review: Ryan Goodman, Derek Jinks, Socializing States: Promoting Human Rights through International Law, Oxford University Press, New York: 2013
Autorzy:
Balcerzak, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
book review
human rights
international law
acculturation
Opis:
Review of a book: Ryan Goodman, Derek Jinks, Socializing States: Promoting Human Rights through International Law, Oxford University Press, New York: 2013
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 323-327
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Protection of Internally Displaced Persons: An International Legal Obligation?
Autorzy:
Silska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
IDP
internal conflict
internally displaced person
internal displacement
international human rights law
international humanitarian law
international refugee law
Opis:
This article examines the phenomenon of internal displacement from the perspective of the existing legal framework and those measures which should guarantee protection for internally displaced populations worldwide. With this aim in mind, the article begins by assessing the role of international law and try to ascertain which legal norms are applicable to protect internally displaced persons. As a second step, it analyzes the question of responsibility for the protection of internally displaced persons, i.e. whether this lies with the state of origin through its national law, or rather with the international community, and examines the relevant provisions of international law. While concluding and identifying the existing gaps in the current legislation, the article demonstrates that internally displaced persons should become the objects of a specific system of law and legal protection. At the same time, the text intends to contribute to the contemporary debate promoting efforts to strengthen the protection of internally displaced persons and to disseminate knowledge about this vulnerable group of people.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 249-271
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Human Dignity in Law – A Case Study of the Polish Legal System
Autorzy:
Butrymowicz, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668710.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Dignity
international law
Polish Constitution
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Opis:
Human dignity is one of the most fundamental ideas in the entire international human rights system. As from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in 1948, the concept of the human dignity become used as a tool to protect the basic needs of humans. The other formal instruments of international human rights also make reference to dignity. Whereas international law widely accepted the inherence of dignity, controversies still arise around the source of the dignity. Polish lawmakers, on the other hand, have no doubt about the fact the concept of dignity comes from natural law. Poland, in her Constitution, refers to the teaching of John Paul II about the source, value and meaning of human dignity. There is no doubt that concept of human dignity, even when it is controversial, is the most widely accepted by all religions and political society in the world.
Źródło:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2016, 6, 2
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International Law and Ageism
Autorzy:
Mikołajczyk, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706826.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-07-26
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
ageism
dignity
human rights
international law
older persons
Opis:
In the 21st century ageism is becoming the most widely spread phenomenon. It has become so extensive that presently many more seniors in Europe are exposed to ageism than other people to sexism or racism. Contrary to other vulnerable groups, the elderly do not enjoy any binding instrument that could protect them and their dignity against ageism in the same way that women and racial groups are protected against sexism and racism. Unfortunately, the UN General Assembly resolution, supposed to be a first step to drawing up such a convention, was adopted with a significant number of abstentions, leaving the fate of a potential treaty on the rights of the elderly uncertain. On the other hand, in 2014 the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted a new recommendation, and in June 2015 members of the Organisation of American States adopted a treaty protecting the elder’s rights. Taking into account these new circumstances, the idea underlying this article is to investigate the ability of international instruments to limit ageism and protect older persons’ dignity, as well as to indicate existing gaps.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2015, 35; 83-108
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawo międzynarodowe w kryzysie?
International Law in Crisis?
Autorzy:
Szpak, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041654.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Fundacja Niepodległości
Tematy:
prawo międzynarodowe
bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe
pokój
kryzys
prawa człowieka.
international law
international security
peace
crisis
human rights.
Opis:
The author presents different expressions of signals of the international law being in crisis which accelerated when Donald Trump was elected the President of the United States. The article mentions the inflation in the international legal regulations and, on the other hand, appearance of some negative signs such as withdrawing signatures, withdrawals from the ICC Statute or announcements of denouncing important agreements like the Paris agreement on climate change made by the USA. These are just selected examples which do not exhaust the topic.
Źródło:
Prawo i Polityka; 2016, 7; 174-186
2080-5799
Pojawia się w:
Prawo i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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