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Tytuł:
The development and structure of industry in the district of Ümraniye, Istanbul
Autorzy:
Temurçin, Kadir
Aldırmaz, Yolcu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1018389.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
distribution
industrialization
urbanisation
ümraniye
Opis:
Ümraniye, which is a district of Istanbul, has been one of the leading centers of development in parallel with the development in outward–oriented economy and industrialization in the 1980’s in Turkey. The district which looked like a village in 1960s, having experienced rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, is now looking far from its earlier appearance. During the period of migration from suburbs to the cities, one of those who took in the biggest share of people is Ümraniye. The purpose of this study is to determine the historical development of industrialization in Ümraniye and the causes of this development, its structure, and the distribution of its sectors. As an operation of a regional industry, this study handles the features of the location of Ümraniye District, the factors that affect the industry in the district, distribution of industrial sectors, and environmental issues.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2014, 26; 207-233
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Iron and steel industries; a strategic sector for techno-economic development and nerve center for industrialization in Nigeria
Autorzy:
Adetula, Yomi Vincent
Marindoti, Damilola Misturah
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375425.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowy Instytut Innowacji Nauka – Edukacja – Rozwój w Warszawie
Tematy:
Economy
sustainable
technology
industrialization
development
Opis:
The Nigerian iron and steel industry established as a basis for industrialization has remained unproductive even as the year 2020 targeted for the country to become one of the world's top 20 economies is barely a few months away. Despite, the boom in the oil sector, the value-added sector is low while the inter-sectoral linkages are weak. This implies a boom in one activity rarely affects another in the sector, but will rather impact on the foreign economy from where imports were sourced. Nigeria relies mainly on crude oil to the neglect of the iron and steel sector which is a major determinant for the industrialization of any nation. Lack of industrialization and unemployment in Nigeria today which engenders insecurity could be linked to the comatose state of the Nigerian iron and steel industry. Thus, this paper discussed the iron and steel sector as a strategic sector for rapid development and nerve center for industrialization in Nigeria. Economy, sustainable, technology, industrialization, development
Nigeryjski przemysł żelaza i stali ustanowiony jako podstawa uprzemysłowienia pozostał bezproduktywny, mimo iż od roku 2020, w którym kraj ma stać się jedną z 20 największych gospodarek świata, dzieli nas zaledwie kilka miesięcy. Pomimo boomu w sektorze naftowym sektor wartości dodanej jest niski, a powiązania międzysektorowe są słabe. Oznacza to, że boom jednej działalności rzadko wpływa na inną w tym sektorze, natomiast wpływa na gospodarkę zagraniczną, z której pozyskiwano import. Gospodarka Nigerii polega głównie na ropie naftowej, zaniedbując sektor żelaza i stali, który jest głównym wyznacznikiem uprzemysłowienia każdego narodu. Brak uprzemysłowienia i bezrobocie w Nigerii, które powoduje poczucie niepewności, mogą być powiązane ze stanem śpiączki w nigeryjskim przemyśle hutniczym i stalowym. W niniejszym artykule omówiono sektor żelaza i stali jako sektor strategiczny dla szybkiego rozwoju i dla uprzemysłowienia w Nigerii. ekonomia, zrównoważony rozwój, technologia, uprzemysłowienie, rozwój
Źródło:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences; 2019, 10(2); 75-83
2450-2146
2451-1064
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DEVELOPMENT VERSUS DISPLACEMENT DILEMMA IN WEST BENGAL: UNRAVELING A GANDHIAN SOLUTION
Autorzy:
Chakraborty, Shiladitya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Industrialization
Development
Displacement
Panchayat System
Opis:
The tendency to equate economic growth with industrialization has in the recent past started a violent and bloody movement in the Indian state of West Bengal. The movement that started against forced acquisition of agricultural land for industrialization in Singur gradually spread to other parts of the state of West Bengal including Nandigram. This movement acquired explosive proportions with the intellectuals, civil society and anti-left political parties throwing in their weight behind the displaced peasants who lost their land. Ultimately it became an albatross around the neck of the Left leadership and sunk the political fortunes of the thirty-four year old Left Front government in 2011 state assembly elections. The Singur and Nandigram tragedy are only one among the many agitations that have exploded in various parts of India in recent past. These protest movements have kicked off the development versus displacement debate in India. The killing of protesting peasants in Singur and Nandigram by the trigger happy police not only exposes the political myopia and inhuman indifference of the so-called pro-poor Left Front Government of West Bengal. But it also goes on to show that the political process in India is increasingly getting hijacked by the logic of the market which sees displacement only as an appendix to development. What we need today is to reinvent the principles laid down by Gandhi to usher in a just and equitable economic order. The Gandhian model of economic development is based on the simple yet profound principles of altruism and egalitarianism. This article would focus on the reasons behind the inception of a violent movement in Singur and Nandigram, the fundamental flaws in the development model of the erstwhile Left Front Government of West Bengal, and end by providing a Gandhian solution to the development versus displacement dilemma in the state of West Bengal in India.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2016, 1
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura zawodowa ziem polskich na przełomie XIX i XX w.
Autorzy:
Koryś, Piotr
Tymiński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/603332.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
occupational structure
industrialization
backwardness
modernization
Opis:
Occupational structure of the Polish lands at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Summary)The authors present a new picture of the occupational structure of the Polish lands at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The article is based on the population censuses, carried out in Russia in 1897 and in Austria in 1900, as well as on the German economic census, conducted in 1895. In order to obtain reliable results, the authors have corrected errors found in the censuses in question. With the removal of the errors, they have been able to reconstruct the employment structures from which we can derive a more precise picture of the economic situation of the Polish lands at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The examination of the problem in question has made it possible for the authors to verify the long held view that the technological revolution in Polish lands took place at the turn of the 70s and 80s of the nineteenth century. The corrected census data show that the level of industrialization of the Polish lands in about 1900 was still very limited.
Źródło:
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych; 2015, 75
0080-3634
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowe Miasto w Szadku w kartografii XIX-wiecznej – niezrealizowane obietnice nowej przestrzeni społecznej
Nowe Miasto in Szadek in 19th century cartography – unrealized promise of a new social space
Autorzy:
Głąb, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
kartografia
industrializacja
Nowe Miasto
cartography
industrialization
Opis:
Analiza XIX-wiecznych planów miejskich Szadku pokazuje koncepcję Nowego Miasta jako kolejnego etapu rozwoju ośrodka o tradycjach sukienniczych. Planowana przebudowa tej części miasta, jak również sprowadzenie nowych osadników, wpisywała się w ówczesną akcję industrializacyjną będąc jednocześnie pewnego rodzaju obietnicą lepszego życia. Obietnica ta jednak nie została spełniona, a działanie zamknęło się głównie w sferze „gabinetowej” kół rządowych i pracowniach kartografów. Niemniej jednak interesujące jest prześledzenie tego fragmentu historii będącego częścią większego planu industrializacji Królestwa Polskiego i wskazanie przyczyn niepowodzenia podjętych działań.
Analysis of 19th century urban development plans for Szadek reveals a concept of Nowe Miasto as a successive stage in developing a centre with textile traditions. The planned rebuilding of this segment of the city was part of the industrialization action carried on at that time, being at the same time a promise of a better life. The promise, however, had not been fulfilled, as the project never went beyond government agendas and cartographic workshops. Nevertheless, it is interesting to look at this fragment of history being part of a larger plan of industrialization of the Kingdom of Poland, and to identify reasons for the failure of this project.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Szadkowski; 2020, 20; 9-19
1643-0700
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Szadkowski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of Some Groundwater Sources in Ota, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria
Autorzy:
Enyoh, Christian Ebere
Enyoh, Emmanuel Chinedu
Ohiagu, Franklyn Okechukwu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031451.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Contamination
Groundwater
Health risks
Industrialization
Modelling
Opis:
In a three year study (2018, 2019 and 2020), some groundwater sources in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria were evaluated for quality. A total of one hundred and eighty composite borehole water samples were collected from 10 locations/sites in the study area. The sampling sites in the study were A (Iju), B (Onipannu), C (Ilogbo), D (Arobieye), E (Igbooloye, F (Osi), G (Ijoko), H (Akeja), I (Oju-ore) and J (Iyesi). Samples collected were analyzed using standard procedure for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride and iron (Fe). Results over three years showed that the water was acidic with pH < 6.5, EC ranged from 39.52±0.79 to 134.99±0.03 µS/cm, TDS ranged from 19.43±0.42 to 81.00±0.02 mg/L, chloride was consistent at 0.02±0.00 mg/L while Fe ranged from 0.00±0.00 to 0.11±0.08 mg/L. There was no definite yearly trend except for Fe which dropped from 0.036 mg/L in 2018 to 0.011 mg/L in 2020. Modelling the data for consumption using water quality index (WQI) showed that the groundwater is of excellent quality with WQI < 50 while for health risks using the average daily dose (ADD) and hazard quotient showed that the groundwater would pose no non-carcinogenic risks. Periodic monitoring covering more parameter is recommended to reflect the proper status of groundwater sources in Ota.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2021, 36; 99-113
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
KOBIETA W PRUSACH 1871–1933
WOMEN IN PRUSSIA IN 1871–1933
Autorzy:
Łukasiewicz, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
Tematy:
women
family
Prussia
industrialization
education
work
Opis:
In Prussia the turn of the 20th century brought about enormous civilization progress which was accompanied by an improvement in the standards of living. This process had already taken place in the German Reich and was followed by political, social and economic changes which affected women as well. Most importantly, at that time they gradually won more educational rights. Until the 19th century women’s educational attainment was limited to primary education and home schooling by governesses. Subsequently, girls were admitted to secondary schools for girls and eventually they were granted the right to sit high school final examinations and access tertiary education. Since mid-19th century women were allowed to join political organizations and after World War I they acquired political rights. Although much depended on a person’s individual disposition and personality, the middle-class mentality of the time was considerably patriarchal, hence equal rights in real interpersonal relationships became a fact only in the 20th century. Contrary to popular misconceptions, working women were commonplace already in the 19th century; unfortunately, as a rule the reason for women’s work was poverty, while attractive professions requiring high qualifications remained unavailable to women. The first changes consisted in allowing women into the teaching profession on graduating from teacher training colleges and then allowing them into the medical and legal colleges and professions. As a consequence of a dramatic decrease in the rate of infant and child mortality, women ceased to be ‘birth machines’, as they had been perceived until then, and instead of giving birth to six or eight children, they had two or three, which had a dramatic impact on their living conditions and opened new life perspectives for them.
Źródło:
Colloquium; 2017, 9, 2; 45-74
2081-3813
2658-0365
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Italy in the Balance. Electrons and Bourbons. Thinking of the recent past in order to understand the present and to plan the future
Autorzy:
Ferrarotti, Franco
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036143.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
Italy
Modernity
Italian Politics
Industrialization
Immigration
Culture
Opis:
The aim of the paper is try to make a dynamic picture of the modern (or post-modern) Italian identity, from a political, social and cultural point of view. The status of this country is in the balance, between a fast industrialization without an analogous industrial culture and a lumbering memory where the traditional rules are still strong. The analysis will be carried out through an historical and sociological excursus both in Italian ascent memories and in political processes and events after the Second World War.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2013, 08; 13-55
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Structure, Development and Spatial Distribution of Industrial Activities in Turkey
Autorzy:
Temurçin, Kadir
Aldırmaz, Yolcu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/438600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
historical development;
industrialization;
manufacturing;
spatial distribution;
Turkey
Opis:
This study deals with the development of industry which is one of the most important elements of socio-economic transformation in Turkey, its structural features, spatial distribution, as well as the factors that influence it. Industrialization movements started in Turkey in 1963 with planned development moves and accelerated as a result of the impact of liberal policies implemented, in and after the year 1980. Initially, industrial activities concentrated in metropolitan areas and subsequently started to expand to other areas in the country, in time with a view on regional development as a result of factors such as development plans, applied initiative policies, current raw material resources and transport. However, there are still major disparities in the distribution of the manufacturing industry, enterprises, employees, exporting and importing within the country. In fact, according to data for 2014, 43.9% of manufacturing industrial enterprises and 47.4% of employees are concentrated in the Marmara Region. The Marmara Region is followed by the Central Anatolian Region with 13.8% and 15.3% and the Aegean Region with 14% and 15.2% in terms of manufacturing industrial enterprises and employees respectively. Furthermore, 69.7% of exports and 76.9% of imports are processed in the Marmara Region which is followed by 9.6% and 7.7% in the Aegean Region and 8.2% and 7.4% in the Central Anatolian Region respectively. In terms of provinces, industry is concentrated in Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara, Bursa, Konya, Gaziantep, Antalya, Adana, Kocaeli and Denizli in Turkey. These provinces consist of 64% of enterprises and 65.7% of employees in Turkey. Data acquired from Turkish Statistical Institute (Turkstat) and the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology has been assessed with the use of ArcGis program.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2017, 31, 4; 52-70
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Atikamekw and Euro-Canadian Territorialities around the Saint-Maurice River (1850–1930)
Autorzy:
Castonguay, Stephane
Samson, Hubert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076951.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Canada
Saint-Maurice River
Atikamekw
territory
watershed
industrialization
Opis:
This essay focuses on the processes of territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization through which Euro-Canadian society extended its control along the valley of the St. Maurice River between 1850 and 1930. That territory had been settled by the Atikamekw people where they had established their hunting and fishing grounds for centuries. However, the Atikamekw people were confronted by environmental and technological transformations around the St. Maurice River with the implementation of sociotechnical systems during that time period, as two successive phases of industrialization based on specific water use brought along a proliferation of urban centers and the arrival of the large-scale industry. This was particularly the case when the proliferation of hydroelectric dams along the St. Maurice River and its tributaries followed the construction of fluvial infrastructure to facilitate the floating of wood pulp harvested in the upper basin of the river. Not only did the technical activities surrounding the construction of hydroelectric facilities materially transform the St. Maurice River watershed, they also allowed a symbolic appropriation of the land by the production of maps and surveys that ‘erased’ the presence of the Atikamekw. Physical and symbolic boundaries resulting from these new forms of organization and configuration of the territory restricted the spatial practices and representations of the Atikamekw. Logging confined these people within isolated enclaves (the so-called “Indian reserves”), while dams bypassed their networks of exchange and communication. The aim of this essay is to understand the conflicts between the territorialities of the Atikamekw and that of the Euro-Canadians by focusing on the place of water uses within the geographical imaginations and the land use patterns of these populations.
Źródło:
Review of International American Studies; 2021, 14, 1; 25-47
1991-2773
Pojawia się w:
Review of International American Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Industrializacja, deindustrializacja i początek reindustrializacji Polski
Industrialization, Deindustrialization and the Beginning of Re-industrialization in Poland
Industrialisation, désindustrialisation et début de la réindustrialisassion de la Pologne
Индустриализация, деиндустриализация и начало повторной индустриализации Польши
Autorzy:
Paradysz, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/544046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
Industrializacja
Przemysł
Badania statystyczne
uprzemysłowienie Polski
transformacja przemysłowa
zakłady przemysłowe
Industrialization
Industry
Statistical surveys
industrialization of Poland
transformation industries
industrial plants
Opis:
Целью статьи является представление информации по около 1634 промышленным предприятиям, в которых работает 100 и больше человек, построенных в Польше в 1949–1988 гг и по около 2276 предприятиям этой же величины, существующих до 1949 г., а также представление харак-теристики трансформации этих предприятий после 1989 г. Статья характеризует статистическое обследование промышленных предприятий, обсуждает индустриализацию страны, масштаб и причины ликвидации промышленных предприятий после 1989 г., а также ее основные причины. Кроме того была охарактеризована прмышленность в Польше после 25 лет трансформации, а также была представлена повторная индустриализация нашей страны. В статье учитываются результаты статистического обследования около 3910 промышленных предприятий в 1988—2014 гг. Были также использованы данные из Статистического ежегодника по промышлен-ности 1989, касающиеся производственной мощности в 1988 г. Производ-ственная мощность предприятий определялась величиной производ-ственных основных средств, реализованной продукцией и занятостью, на основе которых можно вычислить важные показатели фондоемкости продукции, технического оснащения труда и производительности труда. Ключевые слова: индустриализация Польши, промышленная трансфор-мация, промышленные предприятия
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie informacji o 1634 nowych zakładach przemysłowych zatrudniających 100 i więcej osób, zbudowanych w Polsce w latach 1949—1988 i o 2276 zakładach tej samej wielkości, istniejących przed 1949 r. oraz o transformacji tych przedsiębiorstw po 1989 r. W artykule opisano badanie statystyczne zakładów przemysłowych, omówiono uprzemysłowienie kraju, skalę i przyczyny likwidacji zakładów przemysłowych po 1989 r., jak również jej główne przyczyny. Ponadto omówiono stan przemysłu w Polsce po 25 latach transformacji oraz przybliżono początki reindustrializacji naszego kraju. Artykuł uwzględnia wyniki badania statystycznego 3910 zakładów przemysłowych w latach 1988—2014. Wykorzystano również dane z Rocznika Statystycznego Przemysłu 1989 dotyczące potencjału produkcyjnego przemysłu w 1988 r. Potencjał produkcyjny zakładów określono wartością środków trwałych produkcyjnych, produkcją sprzedaną i zatrudnieniem, co pozwala na obliczanie istotnych wskaźników majątkochłonności produkcji, technicznego uzbrojenia pracy oraz wydajności pracy.
This article aims to provide information about 1634 new industrial workplaces employing 100 or more people, built in Poland in years 1949-1988 and 2276 plants of the same size, existing before 1949 as well as about the transformation of these companies after 1989. The article describes a statistical survey of industrial plants, discusses the industrialization of the country, the scale and causes of liquidation of the factories after 1989. In addition, the state of the industry in Poland after 25 years of transformation and brought closer to the origins of re-industrialization of our country are discussed. The article takes into account the survey results of 3910 industrial enterprises in the years 1988-2014. Also data on the production potential of industry in 1988 from the Statistical Yearbook of Industry in 1989 are used. Production potential of plants is specified by value of production assets, sold production and employment, which allows to calculate relevant indicators of production capital intensity, technical infrastructure and labor productivity. (original abstract)
Źródło:
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician; 2015, 6; 54-65
0043-518X
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Industrialization and fluorine content in shells of Helix pomatia
Autorzy:
Dwojak, M.E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/83463.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika. Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska. Stowarzyszenie Malakologów Polskich
Tematy:
industrialization
fluorine content
shell
Helix pomatia
environment pollution
locality
Źródło:
Folia Malacologica; 1999, 07, 4
1506-7629
Pojawia się w:
Folia Malacologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestępczość w rejonach uprzemysławianych i zależność dynamiki przestępczości od dynamiki procesów społeczno-gospodarczych (lata 1958-1960 oraz 1964-1966)
Delinquency in regions under intensified industrialization and the relations between the dynamics of delinquency and the dynamics of socio-economic processes (1958-1960 and 1964-1966)
Autorzy:
Mościskier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698898.pdf
Data publikacji:
1969
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
przestępczość
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
przemysł
uprzemysłowienie
crime
social maladjustment
industry
industrialization
Opis:
The study consists of two parts. The first part is concerned with the development of delinquency in 4 regions under intensified industrialization programmes, whereas the other part deals with the relationships between the dynamics of socio-economic processes and the dynamics of delinquency, against the background of all the provinces in Poland. The studies discussed in both parts have been based on the police statistics of offences reported on and they embrace two periods: 1958-1960 and, 1964-1966. I. To illustrate a socio-demographical character of the 4 regions under intensified industrialization programmes, in addition to a periodization of the industrialization processes, presented by Professor J. Szczepański, also a scheme of socio-demographic processes in regions under industrialization programmes, prepared by Professor Rajkiewicz, has been taken into account. Stages of industrialization on the regional levels, differentiated by Professor J. Szczepański, are as follows: 1. Planning, which includes only those tasks which are considered indispensable for preparing an all-aspect industrialization plan on the particular region's level. 2. Construction of new industrial objects and substantial auxiliary premises. 3. Initial start of new industrial plants and completion of substantial auxiliary premises. 4. Achievement of stabilization and the new balance of conditions. In Piofessor A. Rajkiewicz's scheme of socio-demografic processes in regions under industrialization programmes, the following components have been differentiated (according to their growing intensification): migration processes, occupational activation of unemployed labour, employment mobility (chiefly consisting in frequent changes of places of employment by unskilled labour), achievement and improvement of occupational skill, crew forming in new places of employment. Empirical indices have been determined for such processes and it has been ascertained at the same time, that both intensification and dynamics of migration processes, activation of unemployed labour and employment mobility, generally speaking, achieved greatest intensity in stages of construction of industrial objects and of initial start of new industrial plants (especially in its primitive phase). On the other hand, the processes of achievement and improvement of occupational skills as well as that of the formation of crews in new places of employment were particularly characteristic for the stage of stabilization and new balance of interhuman relations. Problems of migration processes, occupational activation of unemployed labour as well as the problem of employment mobility, are related with the increased horizontal mobility. Since their nature consists either in mass migration or in frequent changes of places of employment by unskilled labour, therefore, those processes lead to the relaxation of environmental ties and to the slackening of social control over the individuals concerned. Thus, such processes may favour the development of certain forms of social disorganization including the intensification of delinquency. The processes of achievęment and improvement of occupational qualifications by those employed in the national economy or the processes of crew forming in new places of employment substantially consist in achieving a mass advance of individuals within a social structure and create conditions capable of developing stabilized communities with a normally functioning social control. Therefore, such processes may be recognized to be one of the social vertical mobility forms which consists in a mass advance of social nature in the population of the region concerned. Such a phenomenon should exercise some inhibitive influence on any signs of social disorganization and, consequently, on a decrease in delinquency.  The abovementioned hypotheses have been confirmed by the findings obtained from the investigations of the development of delinquency observed in 4 regions under intensified industrialization programmes. To begin with, the total delinquency rates and dynamics in the regions in question were confronted with those in the provinces concerned. As for 1964-1966, it had been found that delinquency rates in the regions under industrialization programmes were considerably higher than those in the provinces. The total delinquency rate per 10 thousand inhabitants of the regions under industrialization programmes was 131.89 while that of the provinces concerned - 104.10. The biggest difference was found in the offences against social property, the rates having been 34.01 and 20.75, respectively; a significant difference was also found in robberies (1.06 against 0.66), clerical offences, very severe and severe bodily injury and offences against private property. Having confronted the delinquency dynamics between 1958-1960 and 1964-1966, it has been established that in the latter period, the rates of delinquency had considerably increased in the regions under industrialization programmes and showed simultaneous decrease in the provinces concerned. The general delinquency rates in the regions increased by 19.9 percent and those in the provinces decreased by 11.4 per cent. In the regions under industrialization programmes, the highest increase was noted in the robbery rate, namely by 165.0 per cent, against that by 46,7 per cent in the provinces; next came offences against social property (an increase in rate by 55.9 per cent in the regions and a decrease by 12.7 per cent in the provinces), finally, offences against private property (an increase in rate by 16.9 in the regions and a decrease by 16.9 per cent in the province). Of particular importance seems to be a finding from that analysis which concludes that the increase in delinquency in the particular regions of intensified industrialization programmes appears to be closely related with the industrialization stages achieved in those particular regions, on the one hand, and with the intensity or-some of the abovediscussed socio-economic processes, on the other. In 1964-1966, out of the four studied regions under intensified industrialization programmes, the first one reached the stage of construction of industrial objects and substantial auxiliary premises, the second and the third - were in the course of the initial start of new industrial plants and the completion of substantial auxiliary premises, and in the fourth one - stabilization and new balance of conditions was partially achieved. At the same time, in the first three regions, one observed considerable intensity of migration processes, occupational activation of unemployed labour and employment mobility which - as has already been mentioned - were connected with the increased social horizontal mobility. However, in the fourth region, the intensity of such processes was already considerably lower though other processes manifested themselves more clearly, namely the processes of achievement and improvement of occupational skills by those employed in the social economy as well as the process of the formation of crews in new places of employment, i.e., those processes which owing to the nature of the mass social advance are one of the forms of social vertical mobility. In 1958-1960 and 1964-1966, in the first three regions of intensified industrialization, there was an apparent increase in delinquency rates, especially in the latter period, in which the regional rates were considerably higher than the provincial ones. But at the same time in the fourth region, there was an evident decrease in delinquency rates and as for 1964-1966, the rates were even lower than in the province concerned. It may then be assumed that it is only two stages of intensified industrialization which might be recognized as those whięh favour an increase in delinquency rates, namely: the stages of construction of new industrial objects and of the initial start of new plants. The most rapid increase in delinquency rates is observed in the course of a few years after capital investments have been commenced, i.e. in the stage of construction of new industrial objects and in the early stage of the initial start of new industrial plants. It should be expected that higher rates of delinquency in the regions of intensified industrialization have a temporary character only, connected with greater social horizontal mobility and will certainly decline in accordance with the intensification of the processes of social advance of the population concerned. II. In the second part of the study, the relationships between the dynamics of socio-economic processes and that of delinquency have been analysed on the basis of the material collected from all the provinces in Poland. 79 variables were used in the analysis, including 15 concerned with delinquency. The rate was defined as a per-cent increase or decrease in the individual variables values in 1964-1966 against 1958-1960 (the value of the variable for 1958-1960 was 100 per cent). A method by J. Perkal, a Polish mathematician, was used, the so called ,,analysis of a set of characteristic" which is a simplification of L. L. Thurstone's multiplefactor analysis. 18 factors, referred to as processes, were obtained. 6 of these are particularly important for the topic of this study. Before we proceed with the discussion of the findings of that analysis mention must be made of the fact that in Poland, as compared with 1958-1960, a general decrease in the number of offences took place in 1964-1966. This is reflected in the formulations, concerning the relationships between the dynamics of socio-economic processes and that of delinquency, where mostly a slower or quicker decease in the number of offences, connected with the given process, is mentioned and not an increase of the delinquency itself. First of all, let us list three essential processes - from the industrialization and urbanization problems point of view - which in the light of the analysis failed to have shown any significant relation with the delinquency dynamics: 1. The rate of the economic development of the provinces (it should be noted, however, that there is a slight dependence between that process and an increase in juvenile delinquency). 2. The rate of the industrialization progress in the provinces. 3. The rate of the increment of the urban population in the provinces (it should be pointed out that recently in Poland, contrary to many other countries, migration to towns, having to a considerable extent been limited and controlled, essentially consists in a migration of experts wanted for the national economy). Let us mention now three socio-economic processes whose relationships with the delinquency dynamics are apparent: 4. A process, clearly marked in certain provinces, characterized by swift increment of the density of population, showing stabilization in a majority of branches of the national economy, (except for an increase in agricultural production), a process which, as compared with other provinces, is connected with a slower decrease in general delinquency, and especially with a decrease in offences against social or private property and in very severe or severe bodily injury. A swift increment of the population number which, except for agriculture, in certain areas was not accompanied by adequately swift economic progress seems to be a factor that might have a disadvantageous effect on the development of delinquency, adding in those areas to a slower decrease in delinquency rates. 5. A process, marked in certain provinces only, in which an increase in the proportion of employees of the lowest education level is observed, is connected, as compared with other provinces, with a slower rate of decrease in the total number of offences, especially of those against social or private property, on one hand, and with a quicker rate of increase in offences against public order officers and in certain offences against the person, on the other. It should be noted that that particular process is approximate in character to one which was dealt with in the first part of this study, typical for intensified industrialization, a process, manifesting itself by increased fluctuations of crews in new employment places, i.e. one of employment mobility. 6. The rate of growth of capital investments in the provinces shows a significant relationship with a quicker rate of housebreaking and a slower decrease in the number of clerical offences. An increase in the number of housebreaking is probably related to increased numbers of unskilled and ill-stabilized labour employed in capital investments. These are, in our opinion, the most important social and economic processes, differentiated as a result of an analysis of the material collected, whose relationships with the delinquency dynamics have already been discussed. First of all, most interesting is the fact that in the reporting provinces and periods of time such processes, as economic development, increased industrialization and increment of the urban population do not reveal any relationships with the delinquency dynamics. General views claiming close relations between,the processes mentioned and delinquency had somehow been shaken thereby. The final findings of our analysis have been confirmed by an undoubtful fact that in the reporting period in the province of Katowice, the most industrialized and urbanized province in Poland, there was the highest decrease in delinquency rates as compared with other provinces, and in 7964-1966, delinquency rates for the province of Katowice were much lower than the average rates for the country as a whole. It may then be assumed that there is no causation between such processes, as economic development, increased industrialization and increment of the urban population and the delinquency dynamics. Should in certain studies the two phenomena be found to appear, this would probably be due to other factors which failed to have been differentiated in the findings of such studies. Having considered the conclusions set forth in points 5 and 6, we believe that one of such factors is the social horizontal mobility which diminishes human environmental ties and limits possibilities for social control of individuals. Let us remember that point 5 was connected with a process characterized, among other things, by increased fluctuations of new plants' crews while point 6 - with a process of increased rates of capital construction where apparently, in that sort of work, poorly stabilized occupational categories are grouped. Simultaneously, both abovementioned processes reveal statistically significant connections with the delinquency dynamics. These remarks were confirmed by the conclusions drawn in the first part of this study, where it had been pointed out that increased rates and growth of delinquency in the regions under intensified industrialization programmes were related to sociodemographic processes characteristic for the social horizontal mobility. The sociodemographic processes, connected with an increased social horizontal mobility, consisting in migration and in frequent changes of employment by unskilled labour in general, are particularly intensified in an early phase of industrialization, i.e. in stages of construction, of new industrial objects and substantial auxiliary premise and of initial start of new industrial plants. But the later industrialization stages, where a phenomenon of a mass social advance of the population is observed, are not connected with increased delinquency rates.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1969, IV; 105-147
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowoczesność i utrata.
Autorzy:
Flatley, Johnatan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
modernity
modernism
loss
industrialization
modernization
nowoczesność
modernizm
utrata
industrializacja
modernizacja
Opis:
Poniższy tekst jest tłumaczeniem fragmentu książki Jonathana Flatley’a Affective Mapping Melancholia and the Politics of Modernism. Zaskakujące twierdzenie, na którym autor opiera swój wywód, dotyczy melancholii i związanej z nią utraty. Okazuje się bowiem, iż nie wszystkie melancholie są przygnębiające. Obrazując szlaki modernizacji, Flatley wskazuje na rolę i znaczenie utraty, która nie tylko miała wpływ, ale często kreśliła twórczą mapę pisarzy oraz wyznaczała tor zachodzących zmian społeczno-kulturowych.
The following text is a translation of fragment of Jonathan Flatley’s book Affective Mapping Melancholia and the Politics of Modernism. The suprising claim of Affective Mapping is that dwelling on loss and melancholia is not necessarily depressing. Flatley argues that melancholy can lead people and writers to productively re-map their relationship to the world. Modernism is an accurate portrait of these processes and related consequences.
Źródło:
Praktyka Teoretyczna; 2014, 13, 3; 245-254
2081-8130
Pojawia się w:
Praktyka Teoretyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Usługi publiczne utraconą szansą renesansu sfery publicznej
Public services as a lost opportunity for the renaissance of the public sphere
Autorzy:
Nowak, Paweł Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/549217.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
usługa
sfera publiczna
relacja
industrializacja
service
public sphere
relation
industrialization
Opis:
Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie związków, punktów styku między usługami publicznymi i sferą publiczną, jako obszarów kluczowych dla rozwoju społecznego. W nawiązaniu do tak postawionego celu sformułowano następujące pytanie badawcze: Co jest podstawowym łącznikiem między sferą a usługą publiczną? Weryfikacja przedstawionej hipotezy przeprowadzona została w oparciu o analizę literatury naukowej z dziedziny socjologii, filozofii i ekonomii. Przestrzeń publiczna traktowana jako nieożywiona część cywilizacyjnego krajobrazu jest miejscem, które może, a właściwie powinno stanowić scenę dla sfery publicznej, która w odróżnieniu od infrastruktury posiada już wymiar społeczny, niematerialny – duchowy. Odwołując się zarówno do filozofii J. Habermasa, H. Arendt czy Z. Baumana można wykazać, że sfera publiczna staje się agorą dopiero wówczas, gdy skupia się na wspólnocie, odtrącając wartości utylitarne. Owa wspólnotowość natomiast sprowadza się w zasadzie do pojęcia dobra. Tym samym dochodzimy do punktu styku sfery publicznej z sektorem usługowym. Świadczyć (usługę) w domyśle znaczy bowiem czynić dobro – co podkreśla K. Rogoziński. Zatem służenie, szczególnie w wersji publicznej miało olbrzymi potencjał uratować zanikającą sferę publiczną. Niestety, okazuje się, że obecna epoka, oficjalnie zwana postindustrialną jest w zasadzie re-industrializacją, a nawet hiper-industrializacją. Wzorce przemysłowe są masowo adaptowane na grunt usługowy. Postępująca transformacja cyfrowa sektora usług zabiera przestrzeń do spotkania i dialogu. Zatomizowane społeczeństwo egzystuje w wirtualnym świecie. Sfera publiczna umiera, zostaje tylko pusta przestrzeń.
The aim of the study is to present relationships between public services and the public sphere as key areas for social development. The following research question is: what is the basic link between the public sphere and the public service? The critical literature review in the field of sociology, philosophy and economics was used as a basic research tool. The public space is considered to be an inanimate part of the civilized landscape which can, and should, serve as a kind of a scene for the public sphere which, in contrast to infrastructure, has a societal, non-tangible, and spiritual level to it. Basing on works of J. Habermas, H. Arendt, and Z. Bauman, one can indicate that the public sphere becomes an agora only when it is focused on a community while at the same time neglecting utilitarian factors. The community-oriented nature is, in turn, strictly connected with the very notion of goodness. At this point, the crossing point between the public sphere and the service-oriented sector of industry can be encountered. To provide (a service) means to perform a good deed, which is highlighted by K. Rogoziński. Therefore, servicing, especially in its public variation, had a great potential with regard to saving the quickly disappearing public sphere. Unfortunately, it turns out that the current age, which is officially referred to as a post-industrial one, can be perceived as an re-industrial or even hyper-industrial one. Industrial patterns are being transferred to the service provision-oriented sector on a massive scale. The progressing digital transformation of the service sector takes away the required space for meeting and dialogue. The atomized society exists in a virtual world. The public sphere dies out, leaving an empty space that has to be filled in.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2019, 59; 201-211
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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