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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    The Indian trade between the Gulf and the Red Sea
    Autorzy:
    Gawlikowski, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1682984.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-07-09
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Indian trade
    Gulf
    Red Sea
    Palmyra
    Opis:
    This essay evaluates the relative importance of the maritime trade between the Roman Empire and India along two routes that were in use: one started and ended on the Egyptian shore of the Red Sea, the other at the head of the Gulf. Both continued on land along caravan tracks to the Nile valley or through the Syrian desert to Palmyra. The latter land route, longer and presumably more cost-consuming, was used only during the 1st to 3rd centuries AD. The land link with the Far East, the so-called Silk Road, does not seem to have been regularly used. A document from Palmyra allows to estimate the value of the trade along the Syrian route as much smaller than that of the Red Sea traffic. It could have been mainly of local, Syrian importance, and lasted only as long as political circumstances allowed.
    Źródło:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2017, 26(2); 15-30
    1234-5415
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Between the Nile and the Ocean. The bead assemblage from Shenshef in the Eastern Desert (4th–6th centuries AD)
    Autorzy:
    Then-Obłuska, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1684670.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-07-09
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    beads
    pendants
    material culture
    Indian trade
    Red Sea
    Eastern Desert
    Egypt
    Nubia
    Opis:
    More than 200 beads and pendants were found in seven trash middens excavated at the 4th/5th to the 6th century AD settlement site in Shenshef in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. The site lies close to the Sudanese border and the Red Sea coast, and about 20 km to the southwest of the ancient port of Berenike. Although the purpose of the settlement has not been established, excavations provided a wide range of imports from the Mediterranean region and the Indian Ocean. An overview of the materials and manufacturing techniques applied in the production of the beads and pendants confirms the short- and long-distance contacts of Shenshef inhabitants. In addition to the many bead parallels that link the site with the Red Sea ports and the Nile Valley region up to the First Cataract, the presence of South Indian/Sri Lankan beads at Shenshef is especially meaningful. They may be proof of the intermediary role played by the Shenshef inhabitants in trading overseas imports into the Nubian Nile Valley region.
    Źródło:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2017, 26(1); 719-747
    1234-5415
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Beads and pendants from the late Harbor Temple and harbor temenos in the Red Sea port of Berenike (seasons 2010–2013): materials, techniques, functions and cultural attribution
    Autorzy:
    Then-Obłuska, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683097.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-07-09
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    beads
    pendants
    amulets
    Berenike
    temple
    votives
    Red Sea
    Nubia
    Egypt
    Roman
    Indian trade
    Opis:
    More than 250 beads and pendants have been registered from the Harbor Temple and its surroundings, the so-called “harbor temenos”, in the Red Sea port of Berenike. The Harbor Temple assemblage is dominated by South Asian glass beads dating from the 4th through early 6th centuries AD, but the bead finds from the presumed temenos show much greater variety in both type and date, the latter spanning the centuries from the 1st to the 5th century AD. Rather than being accidentally lost, the quantity and find context of the beads support the idea of a votive offering function. Stylistic similarities of some objects found in the Harbor Temple have led to their association with South Arabia or Axum (Rądkowska, Sidebotham, and Zych 2013); yet a much closer affiliation might also be considered. Similar ritual objects, as well as beads and pendants, have been recorded at contemporary temples and shrines in Nubia.
    Źródło:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2017, 26(2); 193-210
    1234-5415
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Beads and pendants from the Hellenistic to early Byzantine Red Sea port of Berenike, Egypt. Season 2014 and 2015
    Autorzy:
    Then-Obłuska, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1682877.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-05-14
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Berenike
    Red Sea port
    Red Sea trade
    Indian Ocean trade
    Ptolemaic
    early Roman
    late antiquity
    Roman
    Bes amulet
    face beads
    Opis:
    Almost 650 beads and pendants, most of them of glass and faience, were excavated over two seasons in 2014 and 2015 at Berenike on the Red Sea coast of Egypt. This material, coming from 19 trenches variously located within the Hellenistic to early Byzantine site, has contributed some new data, enhancing the Berenike bead typology. Highlights included a Bes pendant of glass from a Hellenistic context and early Roman mosaic glass beads with face patterns. Other materials of which the ornaments were made included marine mollusk shells, ostrich eggshell, and a variety of stone and minerals. Of greatest interest were beads coming from early Roman graves, of an older man (the order of the threaded beads could be traced) and of animals (neck collars). Beads threaded on fragments of string, most probably of Indo-Pacific make, came from the early Roman rubbish dump.
    Źródło:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2018, 27(1); 203-234
    1234-5415
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimation of Energy Intensity in Indian Iron and Steel Sector: A Panel Data Analysis
    Autorzy:
    Sharma, Anukriti
    Roy, Hiranmoy
    Dalei, Narendra Nath
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194459.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-07-02
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    energy intensity
    Indian Iron and Steel sector
    Energy Conservation Act
    Perform-Achieve-Trade Mechanism
    panel data
    Opis:
    India is the world's third largest consumer of primary energy, which includes fossil fuels like coal, oil, etc. The total primary energy consumption in India in 2015 was 107 Mtoe. India's total final energy consumption was estimated at 527 Mtoe of which the industrial sectors consumed about 30% (185 Mtoe) in 2013. The Iron and Steel sector is one of the most energy-intensive industries, consuming about 25% of the total industrial energy consumption. The energy consumption in Indian Iron and Steel sector is on the declining trend. It declined from 10 GCal/tcs in 1990 to 6.9 GCal/tcs in 2010-11. On average, iron & steel plants spend about 20-40% of the total manufacturing cost to meet their energy demands. In fact, energy cost is considered as a major factor in pricing of the steel. Energy Conservation Act, 2001 (ECA), and the formulation of Bureau of Energy Efficiency are important initiatives taken up by government in order to reduce energy consumption by various sectors in the Indian economy. Another important initiative is launching of first of its kind market-based mechanism, Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) mechanism in 2010 particularly targeting the energy consumption by the industrial sector of the economy. Phase-I for PAT ran from 2012-015 including eight most energy-intensive sectors under Indian Industrial sector, with Iron and Steel sector being a prominent sector. The objective of this paper is to empirically estimate the energy intensity of Indian Iron and Steel sector, also accounting for the impact of ECA and PAT Phase-I in dummy variable form. The results indicate that the decline in energy consumption in this sector until 2011 can also be attributed to Energy Conservation Act implemented in the year 2001 along with other factors. This is empirically confirmed by our results that ECA has a significant impact on reduction of energy intensity of the steel firms. PAT does not seem to have a considerable impact on energy intensity alone but in the years where both PAT and ECA are prevalent, i.e. from 2012 to 2015, there seems to be a significant impact of around 0.050 reduction in energy intensity, as accounted by different models in this paper. There is one more observation from the empirical results that profit margin intensity was found to be negatively related to energy intensity implying more profitable firms invest more in energy efficiency.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2019, 20, 2; 107-121
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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