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Tytuł:
Откровение св. Иоанна Богослова среди православных славян и в южнославянской письменности
The Revelation of St. John the Theologian among Orthodox Slavs and in South-Slavonic Literature
Autorzy:
Трифонова, Ива
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682457.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Apocalypse St. John the Theologian
the history of the text in the Middle Ages
the version of the text
South Slavonic copies
Opis:
The article focuses on the history of the Book of Revelation of St. John the Theologian among Orthodox Slavs in the Middle Ages. The aim is to present its place among the other biblical books, related to Cyril and Methodius’ literary tradition and follow its origin, its way of life and spreading in the Slavia Orthodoxa. The two main versions of the distribution of the book are presented – without interpretations and with the interpretations of St. Andrew of Caesarea, while the specifics of the basic versions of the book are also presented (East Slavonic and South Slavic versions with commentaries, Bosnian Cyrillic version, the earliest Serbian transcript, Croatian Glagolitic fragments, Bulgarian calendar version). An opinion has been expressed that a common initial translation is at the root of all these versions of the book, which was accompanied by interpretations, and probably made in Bulgaria at the end of 9th–10th C. Subsequently, it has been edited at different Times and in different locations, placed in the composition of different collections, or as a separate book.
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Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2016, 6; 177-204
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zarys dziejów kancelarii prepozytury kłobuckiej kanoników regularnych do końca XV wieku. Przyczynek do badań nad kulturą klasztorną w średniowiecznej Polsce
Autorzy:
Łatak, Kazimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2088417.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-06
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
monastic offices in Poland in the Middle Ages
Order of Canons Regular
the town of Kłobuck
kancelarie klasztorne w Polsce w średniowieczu
zakon kanoników regularnych
miasto Kłobuck
Opis:
Artykuł jest pierwszą próbą opisu kancelarii – organizacji i aktywności – prepozytury kanoników regularnych laterańskich w Kłobucku w pierwszym półwieczu jej istnienia. Aktywność kancelarii prepozytury ufundowanej w 1454 r. z inicjatywy Jana Długosza historyka jest w źródłach poświadczona od 1461 r., aczkolwiek najstarszy z zachowanych dokumentów przez nią sporządzony pochodzi dopiero z 23 kwietnia 1466 r. Kancelaria sporządzała dokumenty wystawiane przez prepozyta oraz przez kapitułę prepozytury, ale świadczyła również usługi na rzecz interesantów zewnętrznych. Do naszych czasów zachowało się dziewięć dokumentów zredagowanych przez kancelarię klasztorną do 1500 r. One też stanowią zasadniczą podstawę źródłową artykułu. Dla ogólnopolskich badań nad systemami kancelaryjnymi i nad dokumentem średniowiecznym nie mają one przełomowego znaczenia, ale są istotne dla studiów regionalnych. Stanowią ważny przyczynek do studiów nad kulturotwórczą i cywilizacyjną rolą prepozytury kłobuckiej, która w tamtym czasie była ważnym ośrodkiem kościelnym na pograniczu małopolsko-wielkopolsko-śląskim.
The article is the first attempt to describe the office – organization and activity – of the provostry of canons regular of the Lateran in Kłobuck in the first half-century of its existence. The activity of the provostry office founded in 1454 on the initiative of Jan Długosz, the historian, is confirmed in sources from 1461, although the oldest of the surviving documents issued by it dates back to 23 April 1466. The office prepared documents issued by the provost and by the provostry chapter, but also provided services to external clients. Nine documents edited by the monastery office until 1500 have survived to our times. They also constitute the main source for the article. They do not hold ground-breaking significance for nationwide research on monastic office systems and medieval documents, but they are important for regional studies. They constitute an important contribution to the study of the culture-forming and civilizational role of the Kłobuck provostry, which at that time was an important church centre on the border of Lesser Poland, Greater Poland and Silesia.
Źródło:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 2021, 116; 245-268
0518-3766
2545-3491
Pojawia się w:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zamek w Bezławkach rzekomą bazą militarną Zakonu niemieckiego podczas letniej wyprawy litewskiej 1402 roku
Bäslack Castle as an alleged military base of the Teutonic Order during the summer Lithuanian expedition in 1402
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
późne średniowiecze
Prusy późnośredniowieczne
zakon niemiecki
wojskowość późnego średniowiecza
wojna
zamki
Late Middle Ages
Late Medieval Prussia
Teutonic Order
Military Matters
in the Late Middle Ages
war
castles
Opis:
This article supplements the information on the military functions of the castle of the Teutonic Order in Bezławki published in 2016 in “Zapiski Historyczne”. It refers directly to the perspectives presented in the monograph published in 2013 devoted to the late-medieval settlement complex in Bälsack (Pol. Bezławki), whose authors attributed to this fortified structure the strategic importance and role of a “mustering point”, “exit base” and “military camp” for the troops of the Teutonic Order during their campaigns against Lithuania (and Rus). This hypothesis has already been critiqued in the “Zapiski Historyczne”, where in this text a detailed analysis of the summer Lithuanian campaign of 1402, during which time the castle was supposed to play the aforementioned role, which was to be assigned by the Teutonic Order for the campaign associated with Prince Bolesław Świdrygiełło (lit. Švitrigaila). Meanwhile, this analysis indicated that none of the Order’s troops during the aforementioned campaign from Bezławki gathered the re, nor did they leave from there, nor did they pass through, and the decision to transfer the lease of the fortification to the Lithuanian prince was taken after the expedition, with the arrival of the prince taking place no earlier than in the second half of October 1402.
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2016, 292, 2; 203-211
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Word and Image. Polish Medieval and Renaissance Religious Writings in the European Context
Autorzy:
Kaczor-Scheitler, Katarzyna Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087772.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-20
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Albrecht Dürer’s woodcuts
Stanisław Samostrzelnik
word and image in books from the Middle Ages and Renaissance
illumination and book graphics
woodcuts
miniatures
Postylla by Mikołaj Rej
Biblia Leopolity
Jakub Wujek’s Postylla katolicka
Rozmyślania dominikańskie
Opis:
The article presents the Polish religious writing of the Middle Ages and Renaissance as an expression of correspondence between the word and image. It also demonstrates the impact of European graphics, including Albrecht Dürer’s woodcuts, upon Polish religious works of the period (such as the works by Pseudo-Bonaventura in his rendering of Baltazar Opec’s Żywot Pana Jezu Krysta and Jan Sandecki’s Historie biblijne or Rozmyślania dominikańskie. The article also emphasizes that it was Dürer who paved the way for the book illustration, thus turning woodcuts into an art form in their own right. The fifteenth century was a watershed in book culture. As new illustration techniques at the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries encouraged the growth of illustrated printed books, the codex became obsolete.
Źródło:
Verbum Vitae; 2021, 39, 4; 1193-1215
1644-8561
2451-280X
Pojawia się w:
Verbum Vitae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
(Wild)haus w Bezławkach (Bayselauken, Bäslack) – uwagi na temat budownictwa warownego zakonu niemieckiego w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach
(Wild)haus in Bezławki (Bayselauken, Bäslack) – remarks on the construction of fortifications of the Teutonic Order in late medieval Prussia
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Late Middle Ages
late medieval Prussia
Warmia (Ermland)
castles
construction of fortifications
the military affairs in the Late Middle Ages
conflicts
Opis:
The article constitutes a collection of remarks concerning military aspects of the construction and functioning of the Teutonic Order’s castle in Bäslack (Bayselauken, Bezławki) in the last decades of the 14th century. Considerations included in the article refer to opinions expressed by the authors of the collective monograph about the late medieval settlement complex in Bezławki published in 2013. It presents the findings of archeological research in the castle and the village in the years 2008–2012. Remarks presented in the article concern three out of six problems which are considered the most essential. While it goes beyond doubt that the castle played an important defensive role and fulfiled function as a getaway spot, the hypothesis of it being a „fortified camp” for the army troops during military actions of the Teutonic Order against the Lithuanians and Ruthenians has been undermined. It is not possible to consider it to play a military role on a strategic level, as do the authors of the monograph of 2013. In the second part of the article the author undermines the hypothesis about the „system” character of the complexes of fortifications situated on the eastern outskirts of Prussia. If the castle in Bäslack was indeed part of some defensive system, this could operate only on the local level and consist of an insignificant number of elements including longitudinal fortifications constituting the so called „landwere”. The next issue addressed by the author was a problem of the typological character of the term „wildhaus”. As in the 14th century the term connoted the location of the fortification on the edges of the Wildniss-areas, the author shows a far-reaching morphological diversity of fortifications on the eastern outskirts of Prussia, which were or could be classified as „wildhaus”. Thus, a „wildhaus” cannot be classified as a morphological type of a fortification. The typology of fortifications based on the morphological criteria cannot be connected with the typology based on the administrative and terminological criteria. Archeological examination of the Bäslack fortification complex evinces its major cognitive potential and makes us aware of how little is known about the functioning of minor fortifications in late medieval Prussia. Further research in this research field belongs to one of the most important elements of historical science in the Prussian regional dimension and related humanities.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 2; 7-46
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiedza o prawie w ujęciu Izydora z Sewilli
Knowledge of the Law as Understood by Isidore of Seville
Autorzy:
Dębiński, Antoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-24
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Izydor z Sewilli
Etymologiae
prawo w średniowieczu
Isidore of Seville
Etymology
law in the Middle Ages
Opis:
Przedmiotem artykułu są niektóre aspekty problematyki prawnej w ujęciu Izydora z Sewilli. Punktem wyjścia jest krótka charakterystyka jego Etymologii, dzieła uznawanego za pierwszą encyklopedię chrześcijaństwa. Zabieg ten pozwala lepiej rozeznać usytuowanie zagadnień prawnych w strukturze dzieła. Następnie przedstawiono organizację, podział i charakterystykę materiału prawnego w księdze V. De legibus, nazywanej Traktatem o prawie. W kolejnym paragrafie omówiono zagadnienia prawne, które zostały ulokowane przez Sewilczyka w innych księgach Etymologii.
The subject of this article presents selected aspects of the legal problems according to Isidore of Seville. The starting point of the analysis consists of a brief characterization of his Etymology, a work considered as the first encyclopedia of Christianity. This device allows to better examine the place of legal issues in the structure of the work. The author then presents the organization, division, and characteristics of the legal material in Book V. De legibus, also referred to as the Treatise on Law. The following paragraph discusses the legal issues included by Sevillian in other chapters of the Etymology.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze KUL; 2022, 1; 125-141
1897-7146
2719-4264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Where Was the Home of the Livonian Merchant? Early Urban Mobility in the Baltics
Autorzy:
Selart, Anti
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1160802.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Hanseatic League
Livonia
social relations
migrations in the Middle Ages
Opis:
Medieval Livonia and its town life were created in the 12th and 13th centuries as a result of crusading conquests. Livonian urban elites immigrated mostly from German lands. A small number of people of indigenous origin were also integrated into the emerging merchant class. Besides merchants who settled down in Riga, Tallinn, Tartu, or in other towns in the region, travelling merchants from the western part of the forming Hanseatic area played an important role in the urban life and even in the urban administration. On the basis of anthroponyms and geographical identifications of medieval townspeople, the author of the article argues that the migration patterns were not limited to immigration from Germany to Livonia. The social and spatial integration of this region resulted from multiple ways of travelling and relocation: people also returned to Germany or remained simultaneously connected to several places and sometimes remained permanently mobile. Early Livonian merchants could also be mobile within the area including minor towns and even rural places. Not only the “Germans”, but also people of native origin were involved in these movements. The family networks in particular supported multiple spatial identifications. An economically active person could have many places of identification; moving from one town to another during a lifetime was the rule, not an exception. However, the existing network of family and kinship relations, which provided trustworthy partners in the vast area from Westphalia to Livonia, was probably one of the main factors which made German merchants enjoy an advantage over their Scandinavian and Livonian native counterparts.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 1; 43-66
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W sprawie proponowanych nowych ustaleń na temat kościoła pofranciszkańskiego w Toruniu
On the Proposed New Findings Regarding the Post-Franciscan Church in Toruń
Autorzy:
Nawrocki, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197800.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Toruń
Middle Ages
Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Toruń
Franciscans
matroneum
organ
Protestants
wall paintings
communication within the church
Opis:
The text constitutes a commentary on the text by Monika Jakubek-Raczkowska and Juliusz Raczkowski, published in Zapiski Historyczne, with regard to the dating of the final expansion of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Toruń to the present form, which extended the church to include the earlier southern wing of the monastery. Based on various evidence (including information that King Casimir the Great is reported to have listened to the organ allegedly located in the northern matroneum of the completed church in 1343), the above-mentioned authors put forward the hypothesis that the expansion may have been carried out in the first half of the 14th century, that the church had already had its present-day three-nave structure, and that the two analysed fragments of paintings, which are located in the niches of the northern wall of the matroneum, are part of a once large composition related to its medieval function within the church. The author of this commentary upholds the findings of his own research published in print in 1966, that the final expansion of the church took place in a later period, while the paintings of the presentday matroneum, analysed by Monika Jakubek-Raczkowska and Juliusz Raczkowski, did not ornament the matroneum, but a room or rooms upstairs in the monastery’s south wing.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2022, 87, 3; 123-132
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W kręgu hanzeatyckich migracji, czyli pochodzenie Mikołaja Kopernika
In the circle of hanseatic migrations. The ancestry of Nicolaus Copernicus
Im Kreis der hanseatischen Migrationen – über die Herkunft von Nicolaus Copernicus
Autorzy:
Mikulski, Krzysztof
Sulikowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1622353.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
Toruń in the Middle Ages
genealogy for Nicolaus Copernicus
nationality and ethnicity of Copernicus
Opis:
The eminent French historian Fernand Barudel pointed out in his works about the Med that one would need for understanding of activites of an individual a wide context created by the social space and environment in which the main hero tends to live in. For Braudel became Philippe 2nd only a pretence to analyse the whole civilisation of the Med in his times. This context can be employed on the man of letters, a loner, spending the most of his life in his astronomical observatory – Nicolaus Copernicus. Unquestionably, the social environment of Thorn exerted the biggest influence on the formation of the young Copernicus. The city was located on the lower Vistula, on the boarder of the state of Teutonic Knights and Poland, with strong relationships with Silesia, Cracow and Hansa and over Hansa with Northern Europe. This location created extraordinary circumstances for the formation of the one of the biggest intellects of his times. This cultural mosaic was the native environment of Nicolaus Copernicus, a German-speaking Pole, on the maternal side a descendant of immigrants from Westphalia, on the paternal side of Silesian Copernicus-family with Slavic roots, from his birth to his death the faithful subject of the Polish kings.
Źródło:
Studia Maritima; 2014, 27, 2; 29-55
0137-3587
2353-303X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Maritima
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unikalne znaczenie wody chrzcielnej i jej wykradanie do praktyk magicznych przyczyną ewolucji formy chrzcielnicy i jej zabezpieczenia
Baptismal font form evolution and protection of the place of baptism celebration resulting from the growing importance of baptismal water and instances of its stealing for sorcery rituals
Autorzy:
Nowiński, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/495281.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-05-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe Franciszka Salezego
Tematy:
chrzest
chrzcielnica
zabezpieczenie chrzcielnicy
woda chrztu
profanacja sakramentów
czarna magia
praktyki magiczne
magiczne figurki z wosku
The growing importance of baptismal water since the 3rd c
emphasized in the ceremony of its blessing with holy oils (benedictio fontis) which occurred in the Early Middle Ages and Carolingian ceremonies
developed the perception of baptismal water as a res sacra
a holy item category
turning it into unique matter
Its presence in the baptismal font influenced the development of the shape and decoration of the baptismal vessel
primarily by compositionally exposing the basin which clearly dominated the pedestal
The holiness and the sanctifying power of the Sacrament matter were illustrated in the font basin decoration
In the Middle Ages
the sacramental matter of baptismal water was used in sorcery practices related to the so-called effigy magic (invultuatio)
In order to enhance the magic power and identification with sorcery addressees
wax figurines that represented them underwent a rite of sorcery Baptism being given the name of an individual a magic ritual was targeted at
As a result
baptismal water together with the consecrated oil of Chrism and oil of the Catechumens were stolen from churches
Those sacrilege practices made the Church issue an order to keep baptismal fonts locked (sub clave)
the latter resulting in various forms of preventing access to the baptismal font
from simple lids strengthened with metal ferrules
up to impressive conic ones
with time becoming more and more artistically elaborate
The problem of securing fonts remained open also in the post-Tridentine period
Rituale Romanum issued in 1614 instructed to lock the fonts and fence them off with a closing balustrade
transl
Magdalena Iwińska
baptism
baptismal font
baptismal font protection
baptismal water
Sacrament profanation
black magic
sorcery practices
sorcery wax figurines
Opis:
The growing importance of baptismal water since the 3rd c., emphasized in the ceremony of its blessing with holy oils (benedictio fontis) which occurred in the Early Middle Ages and Carolingian ceremonies, developed the perception of baptismal water as a res sacra, a holy item category, turning it into unique matter. Its presence in the baptismal font influenced the development of the shape and decoration of the baptismal vessel, primarily by compositionally exposing the basin which clearly dominated the pedestal. The holiness and the sanctifying power of the Sacrament matter were illustrated in the font basin decoration. In the Middle Ages, the sacramental matter of baptismal water was used in sorcery practices related to the so-called effigy magic (invultuatio). In order to enhance the magic power and identification with sorcery addressees, wax figurines that represented them underwent a rite of sorcery Baptism being given the name of an individual a magic ritual was targeted at. As a result, baptismal water together with the consecrated oil of Chrism and oil of the Catechumens were stolen from churches. Those sacrilege practices made the Church issue an order to keep baptismal fonts locked (sub clave), the latter resulting in various forms of preventing access to the baptismal font: from simple lids strengthened with metal ferrules, up to impressive conic ones, with time becoming more and more artistically elaborate. The problem of securing fonts remained open also in the post-Tridentine period. Rituale Romanum issued in 1614 instructed to lock the fonts and fence them off with a closing balustrade.
Źródło:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe; 2014, 35, 2; 175-191
1232-8766
Pojawia się w:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ukryte w okładce. O odnalezionym dokumencie Innocentego VII z 1404 roku i opactwie cysterskim w Pomuku
Hidden in the binding. On a finding of a medieval document of Pope Innocent VII from 1404 and the Cistercian abbey in Nepomuk
Autorzy:
Szulc, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Papal documents
Cistercians in the Middle Ages
Innocenty VII
Pomuk
Nepomuk
15th c. Bohemia
dokumenty papieskie
cystersi w średniowieczu
Czechy XV wieku
Opis:
W zbiorach rękopisów średniowiecznych Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu zidentyfikowano w 2008 roku pergaminowy dokument papieża Innocentego VII z 1404 roku, adresowany do arcybiskupa Pragi i odnoszący się do przywilejów kościelnych opactwa cystersów w Pomuku (Nepomuku) w Czechach. To obecnie najstarszy dokument (sensu stricto) w zbiorach Biblioteki. Stan jego zacho wania wskazuje, że został wykorzystany wtórnie przez nieznaną introligatornię jako obleczenie drewnianej okładki kodeksu, być może również cysterskiego. List Innocentego VII typu littera exsecutoria (tj. zawierający papieskie polecenie – mandatum) ma szczególną wartość źródłową jako jeden z nielicznych ocalałych dokumentów z archiwum klasztoru w Pomuku, zniszczonego i rozproszonego w okresie wojen husyckich w Czechach. Artykuł zawiera edycję łacińską omawianego dokumentu.
A rare document from 1404 issued by Pope Innocent VII was found in the manuscript collection of Poznań University Library in 2008. The document, written on parchment, is addressed to Archbishop of Prague and refers to some ecclesiastical privileges for the Cistercian abbey at Nepomuk in Bohemia. Strictly speaking this is the oldest document that is currently held in the collections of the library. The state of its preservation shows that the document has been reused by an unknown bindery as a wrapping for the wooden binding of a codex, possibly of Cistercian provenance. The manuscript of the type littera exsecutoria (i.e. one that includes a papal instruction – mandatum) has a particular source value as one of the few preserved documents from the archives of the monastery at Nepomuk that was almost entirely destroyed and then dispersed at the time of the Hussite wars in Bohemia. The present article is supplemented with a Latin edition of the document.
Źródło:
Biblioteka; 2016, 20(29); 7-22
1506-3615
2391-5838
Pojawia się w:
Biblioteka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tortury w świetle bulli Ad extirpanda (1252) papieża Innocentego IV
Torture in Light of the Bull Ad extirpanda (1252) of Pope Innocent IV
Autorzy:
Sadowski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27308720.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Innocenty IV
tortury w średniowieczu
prawo rzymskie
Innocent IV
torture in the Middle Ages
Roman law
Opis:
W niniejszym artykule autor omawia treść bulli Ad extirpanda z 1252 r. i szuka odpowiedzi na pytanie dlaczego papież Innocenty IV zezwolił w niej władzy świeckiej i kościelnej na stosowanie tortur w procesach przeciwko heretykom. Dotyczyło to tak oskarżonych jak i świadków. Ceniony romanista, jakim był Sinibaldo Fieschi działał w okresie średniowiecznej odnowy prawa rzymskiego. Niewątpliwie to, jak i wiele innych czynników, np. rozwój inkwizycji, rzutowało na decyzję papieża. Sama kwestia tortur w bulli potraktowana została dość marginalnie, a dokument bardziej dotyczył postępowania inkwizycyjnego. W artykule dominuje metoda historyczno-prawna, ale autor sięga także do tych dogmatyczno-prawnych czy porównawczych. Zanim szczegółowo omowi treść bulli i racje jej ogłoszenia pochyla się nad postacią i nauczaniem Innocentego IV, który między 1213, a 1225 r. studiował prawo w Bolonii. Bulla z 1252 r. była adresowana do przywódców wszystkich komun Italii, czyli do podestów, rektorów, rad Lombardii, Romanii, Marchii Trewizańskiej. Tortury były środkiem do uzyskania przyznania się do winy, które było bardzo ważne w katalogu rożnych środków dowodowych, jak przysięga stron, świadkowie, sądy boże czy dokumenty. Tortury w świetle konstytucji 25 omawianej bulli nie powinny prowadzić do utraty członków ciała czy samego życia. Ich celem było doprowadzenie heretyków do wypowiedzenia swoich błędów i oskarżenia innych heretyków im znanych. Sama zaś procedura inkwizycyjna wzmacniała władzę papieża czy biskupów. Była bardziej racjonalna od ordaliów.
In this paper, the author discusses the content of the bull Ad Extirpanda of 1252 and seeks an answer to the question why Pope Innocent IV allowed in it for secular and ecclesiastical authorities to use torture in trials against heretics. This applied to both the accused and the witnesses. Sinibaldo Fieschi, the valued Romanist, was active during the medieval renewal of Roman law. Undoubtedly, this and many other factors, such as the development of the Inquisition, influenced the Pope's decision. The very issue of torture in the bull was treated quite marginally, and the document was more concerned with inquisitorial proceedings. This paper is dominated by the historical and legal method, but the author also reaches for the dogmatic and legal or comparative methods. Before discussing in detail the content of the bull and the reasons for its announcement, the paper focuses on the figure and teaching of Innocent IV, who, between 1213 and 1225, studied law in Bologna. The bull of 1252 was addressed to the leaders of all Italian communes, i.e. to the podests, rectors, councils of Lombardy, Romagna, and the Marchia Tervisina. Torture was a means of obtaining a confession, which was very important in the catalogue of various sources of evidence, such as oaths sworn by the parties, witnesses, God's judgments, or documents. In light of Constitution 25 of the bull in question torture should not lead to the loss of body members or life itself. It purpose was to get heretics to recant their errors and accuse other heretics known to them. The inquisitorial procedure itself strengthened the power of the Pope and the bishops. It was more rational than trial by ordeal.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2023, 22, 1; 435-454
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Topografia i układ przestrzenny krzyżackiego zamku komturskiego w Toruniu w świetle średniowiecznych źródeł pisanych
Topography and spatial layout of the castle of the Teutonic commander in Toruń in the light of the medieval written sources
Autorzy:
Jóźwiak, Sławomir
Trupinda, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the Middle Ages
medieval architecture in Prussia
the Teutonic Order
Prussia
Teutonic castles
castle
Opis:
The information included in the medieval written sources enrich our knowledge about the Toruń castle destroyed in 1454. The construction of the part of the defensive walls (made from stone?) lasted at least from 1255. In 1262 the stronghold in its original form had been already erected. In the subsequent years (1263) works took place to construct its interiors (at least a chapel located on the first floor in the eastern part of the southern wing). The main octagonal tower situated in the northern part of the courtyard of the High Castle was frequently mentioned in the medieval written sources (starting from 1381). However, it must have been erected earlier. The information about buildings located beyond the space of the High Castle is particularly interesting. The buildings included the „gemach” of the commander (with a chapel, refectory and a kitchen) in the northern part of the western outer bailey, the „gemach” of the castle’s commander – probably in the vicinity (it was created later – after 1409) and the „summer house” („somerhaws”) with the „summer hall” („aula estivalis”) existing since at least the 1380s and situated in the southern part of the western Low Castle. Among other buildings recorded in the medieval written sources there were also the „gemach” of the Teutonic head of the mint („Münzmeister”) located next to the western defensive wall of the Low Castle; the „gemach” of the steward of Königsberg (Kaliningrad, Russia) mentioned from the end of the 14th century and situated probably in the western part of the Low Castle; the building of the infirmary which might have been located in the north-east part of the Low Castle. In the topography of the castle there were also outbuildings. For example, at least two mills were situated within the defensive walls probably in the eastern part of the Low Castle. To sum up, the medieval written sources present a picture of a complex construction of the Toruń castle.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 3; 7-35
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Location (And Founding) of a Town of Poznań in Light of the Earliest Documents and Narrative Sources
Autorzy:
Dobosz, Józef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683934.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-01-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Poznań in the Middle Ages
town charter
13th century
medieval town
Opis:
The paper addresses the issue of the origins of the town of Poznań founded in mid-13th century under German law. The birth of the charter town on the left bank of the Warta river is illustrated first and foremost by sources: documents from the mid-13th century, particularly a location charter of 1253, and narrative sources, e.g. The Wielkopolska Chronicle and yearly records written in Wielkopolska. The town was the work of Przemysł I, the duke of Wielkopolska, who sorted out property issues on the left bank of the Warta, made grants and granted privileges, erected his new castle next to the new town, and together with his brother Bolesław issued a location charter in 1253. The duke’s action resulted in the rise of one of the most important urban centers in medieval Poland.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2013, 31; 3-18
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Genesis and Development of Church Legislation on Education in the Middle Ages
Autorzy:
Ratajczak, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
church law
education in the Middle Ages
Opis:
This paper is to present the beginnings and the subsequent development and evolution of church law in the sphere of education from the 4th to the beginning of the 16th century. The roots of the acts of law presented by the Popes, synods and councils were based on the traditions of Roman law, but a variety of reasons from the field of policy, economy and society led to the need to establish a church school system. The aim of the Church was to create an independent school system with its own purposes, different from secular schools.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania; 2018, 38; 15-35
1233-2224
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 68

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