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Wyszukujesz frazę "Implication" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Super-Strict Implications
Autorzy:
Gherardi, Guido
Orlandelli, Eugenio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023353.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-01-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Strict implication
paradoxes of implication
connexive implication
sequent calculi
structural rules
Opis:
This paper introduces the logics of super-strict implications, where a super-strict implication is a strengthening of C.I. Lewis' strict implication that avoids not only the paradoxes of material implication but also those of strict implication. The semantics of super-strict implications is obtained by strengthening the (normal) relational semantics for strict implication. We consider all logics of super-strict implications that are based on relational frames for modal logics in the modal cube. it is shown that all logics of super-strict implications are connexive logics in that they validate Aristotle's Theses and (weak) Boethius's Theses. A proof-theoretic characterisation of logics of super-strict implications is given by means of G3-style labelled calculi, and it is proved that the structural rules of inference are admissible in these calculi. It is also shown that validity in the S5-based logic of super-strict implications is equivalent to validity in G. Priest's negation-as-cancellation-based logic. Hence, we also give a cut-free calculus for Priest's logic.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Section of Logic; 2021, 50, 1; 1-34
0138-0680
2449-836X
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Section of Logic
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vague ideals of implication groupoids
Autorzy:
Bandaru, Ravi
Shum, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729079.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
implication groupoids
distributive implication groupiods
vague ideals
Opis:
We introduce the concept of vague ideals in a distributive implication groupoid and investigate their properties. The vague ideals of a distributive implication groupoid are also characterized.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications; 2013, 33, 2; 221-231
1509-9415
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy terminologiczne w argumentach za istnieniem Boga
Autorzy:
Wolak, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/437197.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii
Tematy:
material implication
formal implication
paradox of implication
deduction
reduction
induction
abduction
conversational implicature
causality
Opis:
In the article I deal with some paradoxes and errors caused by improper usage of logical and philosophical terms appearing in the arguments for existence of God and other philosophical issues. I point at first some paradoxes coming from improper usage of propositional calculus as an instrument for analysis of a natural language. This language is actually not using simple sentences but rather propositional functions, their logical connections, and some replacements for variables in them. We still have to deal with so called paradox of material implication. The second paragraph provides formal and metatheoretical critics of Charles Sanders Peirce’s theory of deduction, induction and abduction. I argue that what Peirce and his followers call abduction is actually deduction or some reasoning unable to describe in terms of the logic used by them. Both syllogistic and inferential theory of abduction generate some paradoxes and contradictions. In the last paragraph also some paradoxes and contradictions resulting from the theory of causation by Jan Łukasiewicz are presented. The central issue of the article is erroneous usage of the implication: in logical paraphrases of a natural language, in description of the scientific reasoning, and in description of causality. However, my objective is not to solve all problems mentioned above but rather to open a discussion over them.
Źródło:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal; 2014, 4, 2; 341-358
2083-6635
2084-1043
Pojawia się w:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Commutative directoids with sectionally antitone bijections
Autorzy:
Chajda, Ivan
Kolařík, Miroslav
Radeleczki, Sándor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/728818.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
directoid
section antitone bijection
implication algebra
double implication algebra
Opis:
We study commutative directoids with a greatest element, which can be equipped with antitone bijections in every principal filter. These can be axiomatized as algebras with two binary operations satisfying four identities. A minimal subvariety of this variety is described.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications; 2008, 28, 1; 77-89
1509-9415
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Implication algebras
Autorzy:
Chajda, Ivan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
implication algebra
pre-implication algebra
orthoimplication algebra
orthosemilattice
congruence kernel
Opis:
We introduce the concepts of pre-implication algebra and implication algebra based on orthosemilattices which generalize the concepts of implication algebra, orthoimplication algebra defined by J.C. Abbott [2] and orthomodular implication algebra introduced by the author with his collaborators. For our algebras we get new axiom systems compatible with that of an implication algebra. This unified approach enables us to compare the mentioned algebras and apply a unified treatment of congruence properties.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications; 2006, 26, 2; 141-153
1509-9415
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityczne implikacje epidemii AIDS w Afryce
The political implication of AIDS epidemic in Africa
Autorzy:
Strzelecka-Węklar, Daria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
AIDS
Africa
Political implication
Opis:
It passed already over thirty years that the first information on the new deadly decease emerged (between 1980 and 1981). Undoubtedly, the AIDS epidemic changed the life styles in most countries and societies of the world (especially in the United States and in Europe). On the other hand, it is interesting that in case of many African countries (especially the South Africa where the number of HIV-positive is the greatest in Africa), the life styles of the population (for instance use of contraception) changed very little only. At the same time, relatively low economic position (GNP) of most of the African countries results in many economic, social and even political problems caused by the AIDS epidemic. It is important to notice that every 2 in 3 HIV-positive person live in Africa (South of Sahara desert). The late Colonel Gaddafi in Libya used even the AIDS question in international political relations - against some of Bulgarian nurses. Undoubtedly there are many factors of such the bad situation of Africa in respect of AIDS epidemic: bad financial situation, problems with medicines, many military conflicts, the discrimination of women, many economic migrations and some local cultural situation.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2012, 13 - "Stare" i "nowe" mocarstwa w Afryce - stygmaty kulturowe, religijne, polityczne, ekonomiczne i społeczne; 721-732
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quasi-implication algebras
Autorzy:
Chajda, Ivan
Dušek, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729013.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
implication
non-involutory negation
quasi-implication algebra
implitcation algebra
pseudocomplemented semilattice
q-semilattice
Opis:
A quasi-implication algebra is introduced as an algebraic counterpart of an implication reduct of propositional logic having non-involutory negation (e.g. intuitionistic logic). We show that every pseudocomplemented semilattice induces a quasi-implication algebra (but not conversely). On the other hand, a more general algebra, a so-called pseudocomplemented q-semilattice is introduced and a mutual correspondence between this algebra and a quasi-implication algebra is shown.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications; 2002, 22, 2; 183-198
1509-9415
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aggregation and related functions in fuzzy set theory: dualities and monotonicity-based generalizations
Autorzy:
Mesiar, R.
Kolesarova, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384570.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
aggregation function
conjuctor
directional monotonicity
disjunctor
duality
implication function
pre-aggregation function
pre-implication function
Opis:
We discuss several extensions of binary Boolean functions acting on the domain [0, 1]. Formally, there are 16 disjoint classes of such functions, covering a majority of binary functions considered in fuzzy set theory. We introduce and discuss dualities in this framework, stressing the links between different subclasses of considered functions, e.g., the link between conjunctive and implication functions. Special classes of considered functions are characterized, among others, by particular kinds of monotonicity. Relaxing these constraints by considering monotonicity in one direction only, we generalize standard classes of aggregation functions, implications, semicopulas, etc., into larger classes called pre-aggregations, pre-implications, pre-semicopulas, etc. Note that the dualities discussed for the standard classes also relate the new extended classes of pre-functions.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2017, 11, 3; 58-61
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Decorative Image and Cultural Implication of Embroidery in Jinnan (Southern Shanxi)
Autorzy:
Wu, Yi
Kyungsun, Kymn
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Tematy:
embroidery
Jinnan
decorative image
cultural implication
Opis:
Jinnan (Southern Shanxi) embroidery is a traditional Chinese folk handicraft. In this study, we collected a large number of historical resources and theoretical materials of Jinnan embroidery and randomly sampled 100 works as research objects. These works were compared, and the artistic expression and implication in these works were analysed. We found that animal patterns are the main object of Jinnan embroidery and that the colour scheme in Jinnan embroidery is simple, with red and yellow as the main colours. After an in-depth analysis of their theme and value, the embroidery patterns were shown to convey totem worship, reproduction worship and auspicious worship, reflecting the long-term aesthetic concepts and living customs in southern Shanxi.
Źródło:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2022, 2 (151); 112--122
1230-3666
2300-7354
Pojawia się w:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Basic properties of a new class of parametric intuitionistic fuzzy implications
Autorzy:
Dworniczak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206173.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
parametric fuzzy implication
intuitionistic fuzzy logic
Opis:
In this paper a new class of intuitionistic fuzzy implications is introduced. Fulfillment of some axioms and properties together with Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens inference rules is investigated. Negation induced by implication is presented.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2011, 40, 3; 793-804
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On two functional equations connected with distributivity of fuzzy implications
Autorzy:
Ger, Roman
Kuczma, Marcin Emil
Niemyska, Wanda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/746368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
fuzzy implication
distributivity
functional equation
t-conorm
Opis:
The distributivity law for a fuzzy implication \(I\colon [0,1]^2 \to [0,1]\) with respect to a fuzzy disjunction \(S\colon [0,1]^2 \to [0,1]\) states that the functional equation \( I(x,S(y,z))=S(I(x,y),I(x,z)) \) is satisfied for all pairs \((x,y)\) from the unit square. To compare some results obtained while solving this equation in various classes of fuzzy implications, Wanda Niemyska has reduced the problem to the study of the following two functional equations: \( h(\min(xg(y),1)) = \min(h(x)+ h(xy),1)\), \(x \in (0,1)\), \(y \in (0,1]\), and \( h(xg(y)) = h(x)+ h(xy)\), \(x,y \in (0, \infty)\), in the class of increasing bijections \(h\colon [0,1] \to [0,1]\) with an increasing function \(g\colon (0,1] \to [1, \infty)\) and in the class of monotonic bijections \(h\colon (0, \infty) \to (0, \infty)\) with a function \(g\colon (0, \infty) \to (0, \infty)\), respectively. A description of solutions in more general classes of functions (including nonmeasurable ones) is presented.
Źródło:
Commentationes Mathematicae; 2015, 55, 2
0373-8299
Pojawia się w:
Commentationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bounded lattices with antitone involutions and properties of MV-algebras
Autorzy:
Chajda, Ivan
Emanovský, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/728914.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
antitone involution
distributive lattice
implication algebra
MV-algebra
Opis:
We introduce a bounded lattice L = (L;∧,∨,0,1), where for each p ∈ L there exists an antitone involution on the interval [p,1]. We show that there exists a binary operation · on L such that L is term equivalent to an algebra A(L) = (L;·,0) (the assigned algebra to L) and we characterize A(L) by simple axioms similar to that of Abbott's implication algebra. We define new operations ⊕ and ¬ on A(L) which satisfy some of the axioms of MV-algebra. Finally we show what properties must be satisfied by L or A(L) to obtain all axioms of MV-algebra.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications; 2004, 24, 1; 31-42
1509-9415
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Practical implications of inconsistent germination and viability results in testing stored Fagus sylvatica seeds
Autorzy:
Bezdeckova, L.
Prochazkova, Z.
Matejka, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
practical implication
germination
viability
testing
Fagus sylvatica
beechnut
seed
Opis:
Germination and viability of stored European beech (Fagus sylvatica) seeds can vary depending upon the time when the tests are done during seed storage. To determine the possible sources of such variation the germination (GERM), germination rate expressed as mean germination time (MGT) and viability (VIAB) of six beechnut lots (three lots from two crop years) were determined monthly for one year using controlled laboratory conditions and standard tests. Higher GERM of some lots occurred when tests for stored seeds were carried out in spring and early autumn while other lots germinated better during summer tests. Similarly, different germination speed (dormancy release) and VIAB were observed in different months for different lots. However, no consistent seasonal fluctuation in GERM, MGT or VIAB of the beechnuts was observed in the tests. The reason for this fluctuation seems to be initial quality (germination and dormancy) of beechnut lots rather than any endogenous factors
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2014, 71
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O implikacji kauzalnej
On Causal Implication
Autorzy:
Modrzejewska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
logika
A. W. Burks
implikacja kauzalna
logic
causal implication
Opis:
The first part of the paper characterises two new non-extensional functors: functor of counterfactual implication and functor of causal implication. The latter functor was used by Arthur W. Burks in his early considerations on the construction of a system of the logic of causal propositions, the formal inscription of conditional propositions in the colloquial language and the language of empirical sciences. The second part traces down the mutual relations between the functors of counterfactual implication, causal implication, material implication and strict implication. Special attention is paid to the fact that causal implication implies material implication (a converse relationship does not occur), and strict implication implies causal implication (a converse relationship does not occur).
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2004, 52, 1; 215-225
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Health implications of stream water contamination by industrial effluents in the Onitsha urban area of Southeastern Nigeria
Autorzy:
Okafor, Uchenna P.
Obeta, Michael C.
Ayadiuno, Romanus U.
Onyekwelu, Anthony C.
Asuoha, Godson C.
Eze, Eberechukwu J.
Orji-Okafor, Chetachi E.
Igboeli, Emeka E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844374.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
contamination
health implication
industrial effluents
Onitsha urban
stream water
Opis:
Nigeria has abundant surface and ground water resources many of which are polluted and can be detrimental to human health when consumed. This study investigated the effects of effluents discharged by industries into streams on the health of people who depend on stream water for domestic purposes in the Onitsha urban area of eastern Nigeria. Water samples collected from eleven discharge locations underwent physico-chemical and microbiological analyses. Data on the effects of industrial effluents on health were obtained from records in the public hospitals located in Onitsha as well as through questionnaire surveys and field observations. The results of the analyses revealed that the effluents grossly degrade surface water bodies; several parameters (temperature, iron, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, lead, magnesium, total heterotrophic counts, total coliform group, pH) had values which were higher than the WHO (2011) safety limits for drinking water. The contamination of investigated streams by effluents had negative impact on the health of stream users. The discussion included health effects of polluted water and the prevalence of water borne or related diseases in the area. Implications of these findings were also discussed. Management measures capable of minimizing contamination of surface water in the study area were suggested.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 48; 105-114
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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