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Tytuł:
Potential of Indirect Regenerative Evaporative Cooling System (M-Cycle) for Electronic Applications
Możliwości zastosowania systemu IREC (pracującego w cyklu M) do chłodzenia układów elektronicznych
Autorzy:
Olbrycht, Robert
Kałuża, Marcin
Felczak, Mariusz
Levchenko, Dmytro
Więcek, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312463.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
evaporative cooling
porous materials
capillary materials
heat and mass transfer
IR thermography
chłodzenie wyparne
materiały porowate
materiały kapilarne
wymiana ciepła i masy
termografia w podczerwieni
Opis:
The article presents a simple prototype system based on the concept of indirect regenerative evaporative cooling (IREC) thermodynamic cycle for electronics applications. The key problem of selecting porous capillary material is discussed and preliminary experimental results are presented using IR thermography. The presented research is an initial step towards the development of a laboratory-validated, fully operational IREC system for high-power electronics.
W artykule przedstawiono prototypowy układ chłodzenia oparty na koncepcji cyklu termodynamicznego pośredniego regeneracyjnego chłodzenia wyparnego (IREC) do zastosowań w elektronice. Omówiono kluczowy problem doboru porowatego materiału kapilarnego i przedstawiono wstępne wyniki eksperymentów z wykorzystaniem termografii w podczerwieni. Przedstawione badania stanowią wstępny krok w kierunku opracowania zweryfikowanego laboratoryjnie, w pełni funkcjonalnego systemu IREC do odprowadzania ciepła w systemach elektronicznych dużej mocy.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka; 2023, 27, 3; 19--25
1427-9126
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Composite Helmets Using IR Thermography and Ultrasonic Excitation
Nieniszcząca ocena hełmów kompozytowych z wykorzystaniem termografii w podczerwieni i wzbudzenia ultradźwiękowego
Autorzy:
Świderski, Waldemar
Pracht, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2068666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
non-destructive testing
IR thermography
ultrasounds
badania nieniszczące
termografia w podczerwieni
ultradźwięki
Opis:
The paper presents selected results of non-destructive testing of composite helmets with deliberately introduced defects. Ultrasound pulsed infrared thermography was used for the tests. In order to determine the initial possibilities of this method, artificial defects made of Teflon featuring different area sizes and designed to simulate delamination were placed between layers of the aramid composite from which the helmet was made. The obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of the NDT method used in these tests.
W pracy przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań nieniszczących hełmów kompozytowych z celowo wprowadzonymi defektami. Do badań wykorzystano impulsową termografię w podczerwieni z ultradźwiękowym źródłem wzbudzenia cieplnego. W celu określenia wstępnych możliwości tej metody, pomiędzy warstwami kompozytu aramidowego, z którego wykonano hełm, umieszczono na różnych głębokościach pod powierzchnią sztuczne defekty wykonane z teflonu o różnej wielkości powierzchni. Te sztuczne defekty symulowały rozwarstwienia. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły skuteczność użytej metody NDT w tych badaniach.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka; 2021, 25, 4; 89--92
1427-9126
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of image analysis methods on the example of ultrasonic thermography of an aramid composite
Autorzy:
Świderski, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244857.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
non-destructive testing
composite material
IR thermography
image analysis
Opis:
Infrared thermography using ultrasound thermal excitation of the tested material is one of the most effective methods in non-destructive testing of a multi-layer aramid composite. This type of material is very popular in the construction of light ballistic armours. Typical defects are delamination between layers of aramid fabric joined by resin. They are usually filled with air. Delamination located deep under the surface of the test generates very weak temperature signals. They are often at the level of noise. To reduce the impact of noise on the detection of a defect, special methods of image analysis (thermograms) are used. Such methods include principal component analysis and wavelet analysis. Principal Component Analysis is a relatively new procedure of statistical data treatment, which is becoming increasingly popular in non-destructive testing. Mathematically, it is often regarded as implementation of the so-called singular values decomposition technique, which allows extracting of spatial information from a matrix of source data. The wavelet analysis is an integral transform, which represents the convolution of an analysed process with a special mother function called wavelet. Wavelets are characterized by two parameters: scale and shift. The paper presents a comparison of the efficacy of these methods in the detection of defects in the multilayer composite reinforced aramid fibre.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 2; 145-150
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental Testing of Aramid Composite Applied in Ballistic Armour using Ultrasonic IR Thermography
Badania eksperymentalne kompozytu aramidowego stosowanego w osłonach balistycznych metodą ultradźwiękowej termografii w podczerwieni
Autorzy:
Pracht, Monika
Świderski, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/403516.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
ballistic armour
IR thermography
ultrasounds
composite materials
osłony balistyczne
termografia w podczerwieni
ultradźwięki
kompozyty
Opis:
Reference samples, in which artificial discontinuities (defects) are fabricated, are used to verify non-destructive testing procedures. Artificial discontinuities are known defects of reference samples and enable verification the possibilities of using the chosen NDT method for the identification of location and depth of discontinuities. In thermographic methods the tests of reference samples also allow (helps) to determine the required thermal stimulation source parameters of the tested sample. This paper presents the results of experimental testing of defects detection in a multi-layer aramid composite used in light ballistic armour using ultrasonic infrared thermography. Samples of the aramid composite included artificial defects and were tested using different ultrasonic frequencies. The tests of the same samples were carried out with optical thermography and X-ray method and their results were compared to those determined with ultrasonic IR thermography.
Do sprawdzenia procedur badań nieniszczących są stosowane próbki wzorcowe, w których wprowadzono sztuczne nieciągłości (defekty). Nieciągłości sztuczne wprowadzone w próbkach wzorcowych umożliwiają zweryfikowanie przede wszystkim możliwości zastosowania wybranej metody do określenia położenia i głębokości nieciągłości. W metodach termograficznych badania próbek wzorcowych pozwalają również określić potrzebne parametry źródła stymulacji cieplnej badanej próbki. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych wykrywania defektów w wielowarstwowym kompozycie aramidowym stosowanym w konstrukcji lekkich osłon balistycznych metodą ultradźwiękowej termografii w podczerwieni. Badania próbek kompozytu aramidowego z celowo wprowadzonymi defektami, przeprowadzono przy zastosowaniu różnych częstotliwości ultradźwięków. W celu porównania uzyskanych wyników badań, wykonano badania metodami optycznej termografii i rentgenografii.
Źródło:
Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa; 2019, 10, 2 (36); 79-88
2081-5891
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of the reinforcement bars in concrete samples using eddy currents thermography
Autorzy:
Różański, Leszek
Ziopaja, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
active IR thermography
eddy currents
reinforcement bars
Opis:
It is known that sub-surface discontinuities of matter, internal voids, inclusions of other materials or delaminations of the structure can be revealed on the surface temperature distribution. An important element of IR thermography investigations is the application of an appropriate heat source to heat the examined object. This article discusses the use of eddy currents for identification of reinforcing bars in concrete samples. The experiments have the laboratory character and are used primarily for qualitative assessment of the influence of bar diameter and concrete cover thickness on the identification of reinforcement in concrete elements. In order to induce a transient heat flow in tested samples, the eddy currents (EC) generator from IFF GmbH was used. After the pulse was completed, the surface temperature distribution was recorded using FLIR T620 infrared camera. The following experimental studies validate the practical application of active IR with EC to locate and assess the technical condition of reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete structures in buildings and civil engineering structures.
Źródło:
Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2019, 65, 2; 55-59
2450-2855
Pojawia się w:
Measurement Automation Monitoring
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reduction of Fringing-Effect in Inductors by Quasi-Distributed-Gap Method
Autorzy:
Kasikowski, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114525.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
fringing effect
inductors
fringing-effect factor
quasi-distributed air gap
IR thermography
Opis:
The fringing-field phenomenon can have a significant impact on the key performance parameters of magnetic components with an air gap. The fringing magnetic flux at the air gap has an effect on a component’s inductance, power loss and temperature distribution in copper windings. The induced excess eddy currents in the windings due to the fringing effect cause localized heating and reduce the overall efficiency of power conversion. This effect can be analysed by infra-red thermography to demonstrate the potential hazards of designing magnetic components with an air gap. Design engineers are frequently forced to design around the problem by employing a number of available techniques. The quasi-distributed-gap technique combats the issue at the origin as it essentially constrains the fringing magnetic flux at the downsized air gaps to their immediate vicinity. The selection of the length of the individual air gaps as well as their placement is not straightforward, as the phenomenon is a function of the air gap length and geometry. The resulting inductance of the component has to be the same or at least comparable to the original value in order to maintain the operating conditions of the application which the component is part of. This paper examines the effects of splitting a discrete air gap on the electromagnetic and thermal properties of inductors and presents a method to aid the design of quasi-distributed-gap inductors based on finite-element simulations as well as measurements. An analytic expression, which closely approximates the required length of quasi-distributed gaps, is developed.
Źródło:
Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2019, 65, 2; 48-51
2450-2855
Pojawia się w:
Measurement Automation Monitoring
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of thermal signal characteristics on defect detection in GFRP by active optical thermography
Autorzy:
Świderski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247929.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
non-destructive testing
composite material
IR thermography
badania nieniszczące
materiał kompozytowy
termografia IR
Opis:
Advances in technological development, since the 1990s, has been associated with the development of two basic domains of knowledge: information technology and material engineering. The development of material engineering is directly related to composite materials. One group of composite materials are fibre-reinforced composites. Due to their unique properties, they are used in various fields of engineering sectors. Composites reinforced with glass fibre (GFRP) are the second most commonly used composite after carbon fibre reinforced composites (CFRP). GFRP in many cases can replace traditional structural materials, which are usually made from metal. Of course, this material is exposed to damage both in production and operation phases. One method of non-destructive testing that effectively identifies defects in GFRP is active optical thermography. In this method, for thermal stimulation of the tested material, various types of heat sources are used for example: heating lamps, lasers etc. This article analyses the influence of the characteristics of the thermal optical sources on detection of typical defects in GFRP.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 1; 379-383
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Noise and optical spectroscopy of single junction silicon solar cell
Autorzy:
Skvarenina, L.
Macku, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
non-destructive diagnostics
c-Si solar cells
1/f noise
electroluminescence
lock-in IR thermography
Opis:
Noise spectroscopy as a highly sensitive method for non-destructive diagnostics of semiconductor devices was applied to solar cells based on crystalline silicon with a view to evaluating the quality and reliability of this solar cell type. The experimental approach was used in a reverse-biased condition where the internal structure of solar cells, as well as pn-junction itself, was electrically stressed and overloaded by a strong electric field. This gave rise to a strong generation of a current noise accompanied by local thermal instabilities, especially in the defect sites. It turned out that local temperature changes could be correlated with generation of flicker noise in a wide frequency range. Furthermore, an electrical breakdown in a non-stable form also occurred in some specific local regions what created micro-plasma noise with a two-level current fluctuation in the form of a Lorentzian-like noise spectrum. The noise research was carried out on both of these phenomena in combination with the spectrally-filtered electroluminescence mapping in the visible/near-infrared spectrum range and the dark lock-in infrared thermography in the far-infrared range. Then the physical origin of the light emission from particular defects was searched by a scanning electron microscope and additionally there was performed an experimental elimination of one specific defect by the focused ion beam milling.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2018, 25, 2; 303-316
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal modeling and RMS current measurement in electrical power lines using IR thermography
Autorzy:
Torzyk, B.
Więcek, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
RMS electrical current measurement
heat transfer modeling
overhead power lines
IR thermography
Opis:
Thermal modeling in frequency domain and experiments using IR thermography are performed to evaluate RMS current in electrical power lines. The model implements interface thermal resistance between the metal core and insulation layer. This allowed matching the results of simulations and measurements with acceptable accuracy. The proposed method requires the use of known values of heat transfer coefficient and thermal parameters of the cable and its insulation. In consequence the proposed method requires calibration.
Źródło:
Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2018, 64, 3; 53-56
2450-2855
Pojawia się w:
Measurement Automation Monitoring
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new software tool for transient thermal analysis based on fast IR camera temperature measurement
Autorzy:
Chatzipanagiotou, P.
Strąkowska, M.
De Mey, G.
Chatziathanasiou, V.
Więcek, B.
Kopeć, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114612.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
transient thermal analysis
IR thermography
Nyquist plot
time constants
cumulative structure function
Opis:
A new software tool for transient thermal analysis based on thermographic measurement of temperature is presented. In the proposed approach, temperature change after applying or removing power can be measured by a thermal camera or any contact temperature sensor. The software calculates thermal impedance in frequency domain and represents it in the form of the Nyquist plot. In addition, thermal time constant spectrum and cumulative structure function are evaluated. The software was developed in Matlab environment using in-built procedures for transfer function estimation. For the validation of the proposed tool, the results are compared with ones obtained using commercially available software.
Źródło:
Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2017, 63, 2; 48-51
2450-2855
Pojawia się w:
Measurement Automation Monitoring
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aramid composites after fragment-proof test by ultrasonic ir thermography
Autorzy:
Pracht, M.
Świderski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245923.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
ultrasonic IR thermography
composite material
aramid fabrics
ballistic protection
Opis:
Modern soft ballistic armour is composed of high-strength fibres often used as packages of loose fabrics or laminates. These fibres include carbon, glass fibres, polymer fibres including aramid fibres and polyethylene fibres. Soft armour is applied to provide ballistic protection typically against the impact of small arms projectiles and fragments. In order to determine the level of ballistic protection for ballistic armour, fragment-simulating projectiles (FSP) are used which simulate the properties of fragments created during the explosion of various types of grenades and projectiles. The above-mentioned composites can include a variety of defects such as manufacturing defects, moisture ingress, projectiles impact and other defects. Infrared thermography is a method, which can be used to non-destructive testing and detecting defects of this type of material. However, ultrasonic stimulation is one of method of thermal stimulation used for detection defects in composite. The article presents the results of experimental research of multilayer aramid composite after fragment-proof tests by ultrasonic IR thermography method.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 2; 191-195
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Convection and radiation cooling of overhead power lines - laboratory verification using thermography
Autorzy:
Chatzipanagiotou, P.
Felczak, M.
De Mey, G.
Chatziathanasiou, V.
Więcek, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114618.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
overhead power line
convection
laminar and turbulent airflow
radiation
IR thermography
Opis:
The thermal behavior of overhead power lines depends upon physical parameters, such as surface emissivity and line dimensions, as well as weather conditions. In this paper, the results of the convection and radiation cooling of a conductor that simulate a power line are presented. Laboratory experiments were conducted and the results were compared with the data obtained using empirical formulae from the literature. Both the laminar and the turbulent airflow were investigated.
Źródło:
Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2017, 63, 3; 107-110
2450-2855
Pojawia się w:
Measurement Automation Monitoring
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detection of material defects in reinforced concrete slab using active thermography
Autorzy:
Różański, L.
Ziopaja, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114442.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
active IR (pulsed or step heating) thermography
damage detection
non-destructive testing
Opis:
In order to validate the practical usage of passive and active infrared thermography for bridge inspection, a number of experimental studies have been conducted. Concrete slab of dimension of 60×60×10 cm made of concrete of strength class C35/45 was the object of research. Steel bars type B500SP with a diameter of ø10 and ø12 mm were used as reinforcement of analyzed slab. Four structure discontinuities imitating damages were implemented inside the slab. Using various methods of thermal excitation, the sensitivity of the slab response using infrared cameras was investigated. The paper presents the results of experiment and FEM simulation.
Źródło:
Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2017, 63, 3; 82-85
2450-2855
Pojawia się w:
Measurement Automation Monitoring
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of the fringing effect on temperature distribution in windings and physical properties of toroidal ferrite inductors with a dual air gap
Autorzy:
Kasikowski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114504.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
fringing effect
ferrite inductors
IR thermography
fringing-effect factor
power losses
Opis:
This paper examines the impact of the fringing field at an air gap on the temperature distribution, power loss and other properties of toroidal ferrite inductors with a dual air gap. An air gap constitutes a discontinuity in a magnetic path of an inductor, representing significantly greater reluctance to magnetic flux than that of a ferrite core. The magnetic flux does not cross the air gap in straight lines, but fringes out into the surrounding medium causing electromagnetic interactions with the copper winding enclosing the air gap. This phenomenon is a function of the air gap and the windings geometry as well as the operating frequency. The net effect of the fringing flux is to shorten the gap and to decrease the effective reluctance of the magnetic path. Consequently, coils wound on magnetic cores with a relatively large single air gap, thus with an exacerbated fringing effect, exhibit higher inductance than those with multiple, quasi-distributed or distributed air gaps of the same effective length as the discrete one. The presented research investigates the effects of splitting a discrete air gap on the electromagnetic and thermal properties of toroidal ferrite inductors.
Źródło:
Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2017, 63, 4; 135-138
2450-2855
Pojawia się w:
Measurement Automation Monitoring
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of IR thermography for testing operation parameters of plate steel and accumulative wood stoves
Autorzy:
Żołądek, M.
Sornek, K.
Boroń, A.
Nabożna, S.
Filipowicz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
IR thermography
plate steel wood stoves
accumulative wood stoves
energy efficiency
Opis:
This paper shows the possibility of the use of IR thermography for testing the operational parameters of wood stoves. The study showed differences in the operation parameters of the plate steel wood stove, plate steel wood stove with accumulation and accumulative wood stove. There were compared temperature distribution on the external surfaces of tested units and the amount of energy transferred to heated rooms. Moreover, there were also tested two types of units dedicated to heat recovery from flue gas: flue gas to air steel heat exchanger and accumulative ceramic heat exchanger. The use of IR thermography allowed to simplify measurements and gave approximate results in comparison to more detailed tests.
Źródło:
Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2017, 63, 4; 162-165
2450-2855
Pojawia się w:
Measurement Automation Monitoring
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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