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Tytuł:
Role and Importance of Simulator Instructor
Autorzy:
Ali, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117417.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Maritime Education and Training (MET)
Simulator Instructor
Seafarers Training
Simulator Based Training (SBT)
Ship Experiences
MET Facilities
Training Value of Simulators
IMO Model Course
Opis:
Traditional concept of seafarers’ training was based upon theoretical teaching in class room followed by the practical training onboard ship. This concept underwent profound changes in 80s due economic and practical reasons emanating from new face of the marine industry. Simulator based training had obvious advantages of being economical, safe and redundant. But it had its own implications as well. How perfect a simulator may be, it still was far away from real ship experiences. Instructor became more and more important and he is actually responsible to connect up the simulator experience with real ship experiences through his visualization and does not let the trainee get into a discourse or fall into a game mood. This study examines how the importance of simulator instructor is on the rise and present tools available for the qualification of the simulator instructors need to be augmented with new measures so as to ensure the quality of the simulator based training of the seafarers.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2008, 2, 4; 423-427
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermo-economic analysis and environmental aspects of absorption refrigeration unit operation onboard marine vehicles: RO- PAX vessel case study
Autorzy:
Ammar, N. R.
Sediek, I. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260242.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
ship emissions
IMO
lithium bromide-water ARU
thermodynamic analysis
economic and environmental analysis
Opis:
Marine diesel engines lose a huge amount of fuel heat content in the form of exhaust gas and jacket cooling water, especially onboard high-powered marine vehicles such as Ro-Pax ships. In this paper, the possibility of using the waste heat of marine diesel engines as a source of heat for air conditioning absorption system is investigated. The thermodynamic analysis, in addition to the environmental and economic analysis of the air condition absorption cycle operated with two heat sources using lithium bromide as absorbent, are performed using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The last 10 years have seen a steady growth in the passenger ferry and Ro-Pax market, with particularly strong growth in passenger numbers. As a case study, a Ro-Pax vessel operating in the Red Sea area is considered, regarding the profitability of using air conditioning absorption system. The results show specific economic benefits of the jacket cooling water operated absorption refrigeration unit (ARU) over the exhaust gas operated unit, with annual costs of capital money recovery of 51,870 $/year and 54,836 $/year, respectively. Environmentally, applying an ARU machine during cruising will reduce fuel consumption by 104 ton/year. This, in turn, will result in reducing NOx, SOx, and CO2 emissions with cost-effectiveness of 7.73 $/kg, 20.39 $/kg, and 0.13 $/kg, respectively.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, 3; 94-103
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Epidemiology of tree-hole breeding mosquitoes in the tropical rainforest of Imo State, South-East Nigeria
Autorzy:
Anosike, J C
Nwoke, B.E.B.
Okere, A.N.
Oku, E.E.
Asor, J.E.
Emmy-Egbe, I.O.
Adimike, D.A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
ecology
South-East Nigeria
yellow fever
mosquito
epidemiology
tree hole
Nigeria
human disease
Imo State
forest reserve
disease vector
rural area
tropical region
Opis:
The study of tree-hole breeding mosquitoes was carried out in the tropical rainforest of Imo State Nigeria (two rural areas and two forest reserves in some parts of Orlu Senatorial Zone) between May – October 2002. Using standard entomological procedures, two macrohabitats (natural tree-holes and bamboo traps) and two microhabitats (leaf axils of cocoyams/pineapples and leaf axils of plantain/banana) were sampled for various mosquito species. Mosquitoes were recovered from all the various biotypes sampled. Types of mosquitoes species encountered, their relative abundance, as well as genera varied signifi cantly during the study (p<0.05). Four genera of mosquitoes: Aedes, Culex, Anopheles and Toxorhynchites were recovered while 16 species of mosquitoes encountered include: Aedes aegypti, Ae. africanus, Ae. simpsoni, Ae. albopictus, Ae. stokesi, Ae. taylori, Ae. apicoargenteus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. nebulosus, Cx. trigripes, Cx. decens, Anopheles gambiae, An. funiestus, An. coustani and Toxorhynchites viridibasis. Most of the mosquitoes showed oviposition preferences for one or more habitats. The presence of Ae. africanus, Ae. simpsoni and Ae. aegypti indicate that the study areas were at risk of yellow fever epidemic. The presence of Anopheles and Culex species ensured endemicity of malaria and fi lariasis, while the recovery of Ae. albopictus in this region suggests a possible outbreak of dengue fever in future if not properly controlled.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2007, 14, 1
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza ekonomiczna wykorzystania paliwa niskosiarkowego w transporcie morskim
Economic analysis of the use of low-sulfur fuel in sea transport
Autorzy:
Autzen, A.
Chłopińska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/310753.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
paliwa niskosiarkowe
transport morski
paliwa alternatywne
przepisy IMO
łańcuch dostaw
LNG
low sulfur fuels
maritime transport
alternative fuels
IMO regulations
supply chain
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie czytelnikowi wpływu ograniczeń Dyrektywy Siarkowej na użytkowników obszarów objętych ścisłą kontrolą emisji siarki. Wymóg dostosowania się do nowych uregulowań prawnych wymusił na armatorach jednostek morskich stosowanie paliw alternatywnych. W celu spełnienia przepisów IMO dotyczących emisji zanieczyszczeń na obszarach ECA armatorzy jako paliwo żeglugowe wykorzystują skroplony gaz ziemny (LNG). W rozdziale pierwszym publikacji przedstawiono ogólne informacje z zakresu wprowadzonych zmian związanych z Dyrektywą Siarkową. Kolejno, poruszono aspekt zastosowania LNG jako paliwa napędowego jednostek morskich i scharakteryzowano ogniwa uproszczonego łańcucha dostaw LNG. W rozdziale trzecim dokonano analizy ekonomicznej cen LNG względem cen ropy naftowej.
The purpose of the article is to present to the reader the impact of the restrictions of the Sulfur Directive on users of areas under strict sulfur emission control. The requirement to adapt to the new legal regulations has forced naval units shipowners to use alternative fuels. In order to fulfil the IMO regulations concerning the release of pollutants in areas ECA shipowners as navigational fuel are using the liquefied natural gas (LNG). The first chapter of the publication presents general information about the introduced changes related to the Sulfur Directive. Furthermore, he aspect of the use of LNG as the fuel for marine units was discussed and the cells of the simplified LNG supply chain were characterized. The third chapter analyzes the economic price of LNG against oil prices.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2018, 19, 6; 996-1001, CD
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Implementation and Compliance of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code in Mexico: A literature Review and Selected Issues
Autorzy:
Ávila‐Zúñiga‐Nordfjeld, A.
Dalaklis, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116798.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP)
literature review
International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code)
ISPS Code in Mexico
ISPS Code
SOLAS Convention
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Standards Implementation
Opis:
This paper provides a literature review of the state of the art on implementation and compliance of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code), for the case of Mexico. This investigation was initially oriented solely towards Mexico, but due to the absence of research within this subject for the referred country the review had to be done through subcategories with the conditional connection of Mexico and relevant issues were selected. The primary data confirmed the absence of research within this subject in Mexico. The secondary data, were other words related to the ISPS Code were used for the search, allowed for a wider geographical coverage and an expanded on general bases the scope of analysis, since ten (10) different academic databases were exploited. The literature review from an author-centric approach is initially presented; then, it is used as the basis to further develop (and examine) the concept-centric approach, through eight selected categories. The careful screening of literature, constructed on specific concepts, allowed the identification of cross fertilization of such concepts in the respective fields. It is observed that the research efforts focused on the ISPS Code and the development of a Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP) have an integrated perspective, where the categories of terrorism and counterterrorism, as well as maritime security management and the issue of port security have a strong interaction and dominant status. The results demonstrate the limited number of academic contributions in these areas from America Central and South America in relation to other parts of the globe, as well as the total absence of research efforts about the ISPS Code in Mexico. In the scientific contributions on the subject were Mexico is included; it is in reference to isolated cases of armed robbery, drugs organizations or proliferation of crime on general bases, but not regarding the ISPS Code itself. The absence of scientific research on this area for the specific country might also be related to the lack of a national maritime security policy and a poor maritime security culture as the authors have pointed out in other contributions.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 2; 363-373
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Discussion on e-Navigation and Implementation in Turkey
Autorzy:
Aydogdu, Y.
Yalcin, E.
Yurtorren, C.
Aksoy, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116683.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
IALA Approach
IMO Documents
e-Navigation
e-Navigation Concept
e-Navigation Implementation Process
IALA Guidelines
Turkish Waterways
Electronic Navigation
Opis:
Electronic navigation, which has great important for ship management, has taken a step with technological improvements. In the result of these enhancements, new systems appeared as well as existing systems and these systems began to be integrated each other or used data of obtaining from the others like that AIS, Radar, ECDIS etc. All these and likely future systems have been put together under the roof of enhanced navigation (e-navigation) is defined by organizations such as International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), General Lighthouse Authority (GLA) etc. Especially IALA guidelines serve as model future applications in Turkish waterways. In this study aim to redefine e-navigation concept based on maritime safety awareness, maritime service portfolio (MSC 85/26) and discuss possible applications.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2014, 8, 1; 81-87
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Merging conventionally navigating ships and MASS - Merging VTS, FOC and SCC?
Autorzy:
Baldauf, M.
Fischer, S.
Kitada, M.
Mehdi, R. A.
Al-Quhali, M. A.
Fiorini, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117306.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS)
Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)
e-Navigation
fleet operation centre (FOC)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
ship control centre (SCC)
unmanned shipping
unmanned ship
Opis:
Current maritime transportation and shipping is characterized by rapid technological developments effecting the basic concepts of operating ships and even changing traditional paradigms of controlling ships. The e-Navigation concept of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) specifically aims at more comprehensive and reliable support of the human operators on-board and ashore. However, autonomous unmanned ships remote controlled or even autonomously navigating are expected to come soon. In this paper, selected operational aspects of maritime traffic merging conventional and unmanned remote controlled ships in coastal areas are discussed. Furthermore, some preliminary results of experimental simulation studies into a future scenario of maritime traffic are presented and preliminary conclusions in respect to job profiling and training requirements are discussed.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 3; 495-501
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Importance of the Hypertext Use in Maritime English Teaching
Autorzy:
Bezhanovi, Z.
Khardina, L.
Zarbazoia, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Hypertext, Maritime English
Maritime English Teaching
IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) Maritime Education and Training (MET)
Skills-Oriented Education
communication
Language Competence
Opis:
The aim of the given paper is to present a set of the advantages and benefits expected by the application of the hypertext technologies in Maritime English teaching. Specification of minimum standard of competence for the officers on board the ships of 500 gross tonnage or more requires “adequate knowledge of English to enable the officer to use charts and other nautical publications, to understand meteorological information and messages concerning ship’s safety and operation, to communicate with other ships, coast stations and Vessel Traffic Service centres and to perform the officer’s duties with a multilingual crew, including the ability to use and understand the Standard Marine Communication Phrases” IMO Publishing (2011). Thus, a wide range of the results to be achieved during the process of Maritime Education and Training implementation related to the language competence development needs application of modern approaches actively used in different fields of skills - oriented education.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2015, 9, 3; 305-308
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Monitoring and Identification of DP Operators Behavioural Traits and Common Errors During Simulator Training
Autorzy:
Bogachenko, Y.
Pipchenko, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841528.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Maritime Education and Training
Dynamic Positioning
simulator training
Dynamic Positioning Operator
IMO Guidelines
Opis:
The article presents factors influencing decision making by Dynamic Positioning Operator (DPO) and statistics of the DPOs behaviour in an emergency situation. Considering that supply operation is performed by a DP vessel at a distance comparable to its width of the hull to the installation, unit, or another vessel, the thruster failure may lead to a rapidly developing incident such as collision, pollution, or human injuries. Based on the IMO guidelines on formal safety assessment authors suggested a risk model of platform supply operation in dynamic positioning mode. It is shown that different approaches shall be applied for rule-making and active decision support applications. While rulemaking can be mainly based on retrospective incident-based data, decision support shall be developed on the basis of the dynamic state of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the nature of the human element in the specific operation to build up proper technological and organizational barriers to prevent the forthcoming critical error.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 2; 337-342
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quality Assessment of Palm Oil from Different Palm Oil Local Factories in Imo State, Nigeria
Autorzy:
Chinedu, Enyoh Emmanuel
Ebere, Enyoh Christian
Emeka, Amaobi Collins
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178270.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Factory
Health
Imo State
Impurity
Palm oil
Storage
dulteration
Opis:
Palm oil is the most commonly used vegetable oil in Nigeria due to its numerous benefits. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the quality of palm oil. In this study, oil samples were collected from different oil mills in Imo state. Physical and chemical properties of the oil samples were evaluated using standard procedures. The result showed that the moisture content ranged from 0.26% to 0.33%, specific gravity ranged from 0.8900 to 0.9250 while the density ranged from 0.8700 g/ml to 0.9100 g/ml. The saponification value (SV), Free fatty acid and Acid value ranged from 192.49 mg KOH/g to 202.73 mg KOH/g, 10.38 mg KOH/g to 18.80 mg KOH/g and 20.76 mg/g to 37.59 mg/g respectively, while the Smoke point and Refractive index ranged from 114.0 °C to 116.2 °C and 1.4615°Bx to 1.4640°Bx respectively. The peroxide value, Iodine value and Ester value ranged from 14.10 mEq./g to 24.80 mEq./g, 0.48wij’s to 2.84wij’s and 160.86 to 172.86 respectively. All samples showed > 35% SV suggesting the palm oil will be good in soap production. It is recommended that oil palm factories in Imo state processing and storage method should be properly monitored to prevent major contamination or adulteration which might have an adverse effect on the future of oil palm industry in Imo state, Nigeria.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 88, 2; 152-167
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The STCW Convention & the Manning Resolution NEED Amendment & Improvement F.R. Chowdhury
Autorzy:
Chowdhury, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
STCW Implementation
STCW-95
Maritime Education and Training (MET)
Training Requirements
Safe Manning
IMO Requirements
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2008, 2, 2; 207-211
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modernization of Maritime DGPS in Poland
Autorzy:
Dziewicki, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
Differential GPS (DGPS)
Global Positioning System GPS
IMO Requirements
IALA Recommendations
e-Navigation
Maritime DGPS
Radionavigation
Opis:
Some new techniques and functionality adopted for modernization of national DGPS systems by maritime administrations in Europe are presented. Any solution adopted must meet international requirements: IMO standards and IALA e-NAV Committee recommendations. The results of DGPS Re-capitalization Meeting in Gdynia 2008 are presented. Modernization and re-engineering of maritime DGPS must take into account backward compatibility with existing onboard receivers as well as future trends towards e-Navigation. Operational and legal status of the Polish DGPS network is also mentioned in this context.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2009, 3, 1; 39-42
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Polar Codes implications for safe ship operations in the Arctic region
Autorzy:
Engtrø, E.
Gudmestad, O. T.
Njå, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841604.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Arctic Shipping
IMO Polar Code
Arctic region
safe ship operations
risk management
Arctic ship operations
regulatory Governance
emergency response
Opis:
Simultaneously with a decreasing sea ice cover in the Arctic region an increase in ship traffic is experienced in these waters, meaning a higher probability of accidents and incidents to occur. The capability to handle emergency situations for shipowners, operators and rescuers in a cold climate environment are heavily affected by the risks present in polar waters and depends on limited emergency response resources covering extremely large areas. In 2017, the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (The Polar Code) was adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), applicable for the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The goals of the functionally based regulation are to provide for safe ship operations and the protection of the polar environment, by addressing risks present in polar waters and to ensure these are mitigated sufficiently. A qualitative pilot study, with individual expert interviews, has been conducted in order to examine the Polar Code's implications for safe ship operations in the Arctic region. The study concludes that the discussions raised in the aftermath of the Polar Code has led to an increase in focus and a strengthen consciousness about hazards and risks associated with polar water ship operations and additional measures required to mitigate these. Further, the implementation of the Polar Code is considered as a milestone by establishing an international regulation, mandatory for polar water ship design and for voyage planning. However, the study points out that the main principle of the Polar Code is risk-based, meaning the performance of safe ship operations are depending on those subjects to the regulation, to conduct thorough operational risk assessments covering all actual hazards, and to ensure that those are mitigated sufficiently. In this regard, authority presence is found crucial, to validate the adequacy and the dimensioning of the implemented measures. Key words: Arctic ship operations; regulatory governance; emergency response; risk management.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 3; 655-661
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Training of specialists in marine crew training facilities in Ukraine using the current generation of simulators is the basis of maritime safety
Autorzy:
GERGANOV, Leonid Dmitrievich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/457693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Tematy:
marine branch specialists
professional competency
international marine organization (IMO)
International Convention on standards of training
certification and watch keeping for seafarers (STCW)
simulator training
Opis:
The article the tendency of using the simulators in the professional training of the marine branch specialists and the evaluation of their competency, which is directed for achievements and complying of the safe navigating standards
Źródło:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka; 2014, 5, 1; 229-235
2080-9069
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Polar Code in force
Kodeks Polarny po wejściu w życie
Autorzy:
Głuchowska-Wójcicka, Maja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1954467.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Polar Code
IMO
Northwest Passage
Northern Sea Route
Arctic Shipping
Arctic council
Law of the Sea
Canada
Russia
Kodeks Polarny
Północna Droga Morska
Przejście Północno-Zachodnie
Żegluga w Arktyce
Rada Arktyczna
Prawo Morza
Kanada
Rosja
Nauki Humanistyczne i Społeczne
Opis:
There is a growing interest in new transportation routes that combine benefits of shorter distances, cost-effective transits and routes not troubled by maritime security concerns. The Northwest Passage offers a package of routes through the Canadian maritime zone; it is 9,000 km shorter than the Panama Canal route and 17,000 km shorter than the Cape Horn route. The Northern Sea Route shortens a Hamburg-Yokohama voyage by 4,800 miles, in comparison with the Suez Canal route. The transpolar route, if it materializes with an ice-free Central Arctic Ocean route, would shorten distances even further. Given the increase in regional and international navigation and shipping in the region, it is therefore not surprising that in recent years Arctic States and international bodies focused on the needs of enhanced safety and environmental standards for polar shipping. In addition to the dedicated domestic polar shipping regulation, primarily in Canada and the Russian Federation, the Arctic Council and International Maritime Organization (IMO) have launched important initiatives. The most important is establishing of international rules for ships operating in polar waters- The Polar Code.
Jednym ze skutków zmian klimatycznych i topnienia lodów arktycznych jest otwarcie nowych szlaków żeglugowych, które skracają drogę z Dalekiego Wschodu do państw basenu północnego Atlantyku nawet o 40%. Transport morski wodami arktycznymi mimo wciąż trudnych warunków nawigacji i komunikacji rozwija się dynamicznie. Brak wystarczających regulacji prawnych dla regionu i duże zagrożenie dla środowiska naturalnego stały się przyczyną do prac nad normami regulującymi żeglugę na obszarach polarnych. Z dniem 1 stycznia 2017 roku w życie wszedł opracowany przez Międzynarodową Organizację Morską Międzynarodowy Kodeks dla Statków Uprawiających Żeglugę na Wodach Polarnych, zwany Kodeksem Polarnym. Celem Kodeksu Polarnego jest zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa i ochrona środowiska morskiego.
Źródło:
Prawo Morskie; 2017, XXXIII; 25-36
0860-7338
Pojawia się w:
Prawo Morskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 64

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