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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    The Legal Construct of Historic Title to Territory in International Law – An Overview
    Autorzy:
    Kozlowski, Artur
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706709.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    HISTORIC TITLE
    ICJ
    SOVEREIGNTY
    Opis:
    Historic title is just one of many legal instruments which may be raised by parties and used by judges to decide a territorial dispute. If a claim of historic title in given circumstances may be deemed to have been extinguished as a result of its relative weakness, the elements advanced in support of its construction, for example uti possidetis or effective occupation, may be used to support other types of legal claims. Taking into account its construction and its systemic conditional criteria, historic title gains maximum effectiveness when conditions exist which would support a finding of its incremental consolidation. This involves a multi-dimensional interpretation in reliance on particular elements which, taken together, create a complicated factual state in a particular territorial dispute. On the other hand, consolidation of historic title is not an argument which can be used by the indigenous native inhabitants of a territory, since their arguments are not based on claims of sovereignty.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2010, 30; 61-100
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Legal Obligation to Prevent Genocide: Bosnia v Serbia and Beyond
    Autorzy:
    Forlati, Serena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706756.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    genocide
    responsibility to protect
    ICJ
    International Court of Justice
    Opis:
    This article assesses the impact of legal rules aimed at preventing genocide. The specific features of the legal obligation to prevent genocide are analyzed in light of the current debate on the “responsibility to protect” and the ICJ’s stance on the issue in Bosnia v Serbia. While the content of positive obligations such as the one under discussion is usually elaborated through the case law of judicial or quasi-judicial bodies, the ICJ refrained from doing so, stating that only manifest breaches of the obligation to prevent genocide give rise to international responsibility. The author seeks an explanation for the reasons underlying such an approach, and tries to identify other ways in which legal standards in the field of genocide prevention could be developed.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2011, 31; 189-205
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Book review: Robert Kolb, The International Court of Justice, Hart Publishing, Oxford: 2013
    Autorzy:
    Krzan, Bartlomiej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706884.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-07-25
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    book review
    PCIJ
    ICJ
    International Court of Justice
    international law
    Opis:
    Review of a book: Robert Kolb, The International Court of Justice, Hart Publishing, Oxford: 2013
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 313-317
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Advisory Opinion or Judgment? The Case of the Chagos Archipelago
    Autorzy:
    Kuźniak, Brygida
    Kabat-Rudnicka, Danuta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027872.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    ICJ
    the case of the Chagos Archipelago
    Brexit
    advisory opinion
    decolonization
    Opis:
    The aim of this article is to provide an analysis of the ICJ’s advisory opinion of 25 February 2019 on the Chagos Archipelago. It will endeavour to answer the following questions: (i) is it consistent with the letter and the spirit of international law for the ICJ to issue advisory opinions in cases involving a dispute between states, which, due to the lack of consent from one of the states, cannot be brought before the ICJ and be settled by a judgment of that judicial body?; (ii) is such a ruling the right way to settle the issue of decolonization?; and (iii) did Brexit play any role in the case under discussion? The article begins by describing the background to the dispute between the UK and Mauritius. The focus of the analysis then shifts to the nature of advisory opinions and the 2019 ICJ advisory opinion on the Chagos Archipelago. Next, the authors discuss the possible impact of Brexit on the dispute between the UK and Mauritius itself, as well as on the UK’s international standing in general. The article concludes with reflections on voluntarism in international law. The authors conclude that de lege lata an authorized body or organization may ask the ICJ for an advisory opinion in situations where it believes that such an opinion would be useful for its work. However, such advisory opinions should not have the character of authoritative court statements made in pending disputes between sovereign states. As a consequence, such opinions should refer only to abstract legal problems, which means that in some cases the ICJ should refrain from issuing them.
    Źródło:
    Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2021, 13; 45-75
    2450-0976
    Pojawia się w:
    Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    General Principles of Law in Public International Law
    Autorzy:
    Saganek, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706921.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    general principle of law
    general principle of international law
    ICJ Statute
    Opis:
    This article discusses the classical question whether general principles of law form a separate source of international law. To this end it adopts the method of a posteriori analysis, examining the normative nature of various principles of law one by one. This analysis leads to the conclusion that only some principles have a normative nature, while others lack it.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2017, 37; 243-253
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Advisory Opinion on Kosovo’s Declaration of Independence: Hopes, Disappointments and Its Relevance to Crimea
    Autorzy:
    Värk, René
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706830.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-07-25
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    annexation
    Crimea
    declaration of independence
    ICJ
    International Court of Justice
    Kosovo
    Russian Federation
    Ukraine
    Opis:
    The international community anxiously awaited delivery of the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on Kosovo’s declaration of independence, hoping it would clarify the controversial right of self-determination and the right of secession. Although it was hailed by many as a confirmation of both rights, the advisory opinion was disappointing regarding that part of the analysis which was based on general international law. The ICJ interpreted the question posed in a very narrow and formalistic way. It concluded that declarations of independence (not their consequences) are not in violation of international law, but it did not rule that they are in accordance with international law, as was requested in the posed question. The ICJ refused to examine whether there is a positive entitlement to secession under international law. Although Kosovo and its supporters claimed that the case of Kosovo is unique and will not set a precedent, Russia used the case of Kosovo and the advisory opinion to justify the so-called referendum in Crimea and the subsequent incorporation of Crimea into Russia. However, the situation in Crimea is only superficially comparable to Kosovo and the advisory opinion gives little or no support in the case of Crimea.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 115-131
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Original Sin Reaffirmed: The Nicaragua Judgement’s Impact on the Notion of Armed Attack as the Most Grave Form of the Use of Force
    Autorzy:
    Kowalski, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706871.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    aggression
    armed attack
    ICJ
    International Court of Justice
    jus ad bellum
    Nicaragua
    use of force
    Opis:
    This article is referenced to the thirtieth anniversary of the ICJ’s Nicaragua judgement on the merits of 1986. It acknowledges the significance of this much-debated judgement for the modern international law on the use of force (jus ad bellum). However the text focuses on one aspect of the judgement only, i.e. the definition of the notion of “armed attack” as the most grave form of the use of force. The impact of the judgement in this respect is critically analysed. It is argued that the introduction to the UN Charter text of undefined notions of the use of force, aggression, and armed attack may be labelled as the “original sin” of contemporary jus ad bellum, as it results in conceptual obscurity. It is also claimed that the ICJ reaffirmed this original sin in its Nicaragua judgement because it explicitly argued for the notion of “armed attack” as the most grave form of the use of armed force and, in consequence, distinguished it from the other, lesser forms of the use of force, while failing to introduce any sort of clarity in the conceptual ambiguity of jus ad bellum. The article also offers some remarks de lege ferenda and suggests abandoning the gravity criterion, which would require abandoning the well-established judicial and doctrinal interpretation approaches to jus ad bellum.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2016, 36; 37-50
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Krzysztof Skubiszewski and the Right to Self-determination: Past and Future
    Autorzy:
    Hilpold, Peter
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706595.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-10-26
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    Chagos Islands
    East Timor
    human rights
    ICJ
    International Court of Justice
    self-determination
    Skubiszewski
    in memoriam
    Opis:
    In 1995, Professor Krzysztof Skubiszewski added a Dissenting Opinion to the East Timor Judgment, wherein the ICJ declined jurisdiction in a proceeding started by Portugal against Australia for its having concluded the East Timor Gap treaty with Indonesia, in blatant violation of the East Timorese’s right to self-determination. Ad-hoc Judge Skubiszewski posited that the Court should have accepted jurisdiction and he presented a series of convincing arguments for this proposition. In 2019 the ICJ rendered an Opinion in the Chagos Islands case. The fact that the ICJ accepted jurisdiction in this case demonstrates that an impressive development has taken place since 1995, one whereby many of Professor Skubiszewski’s requests have been implemented. At the same time however, the Chagos Opinion is not fully satisfying as it neglects, to a considerable extent, the human rights issue. This contribution shows that Skubiszewski’s Dissenting Opinion would have provided guidance also for these questions and that it remains as topical today as it was in 1995.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2019, 39; 21-35
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ opinii doradczych Międzynarodowego Trybunału Sprawiedliwości na postępowanie przed Trybunałami Administracyjnymi w systemie ONZ
    Autorzy:
    Lis, Edyta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788204.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    Międzynarodowy Trybunał Sprawiedliwości
    MTS
    opinie doradcze
    ONZ
    Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych
    trybunały administracyjne
    kompetencje
    równość wobec prawa
    orzeczenie
    International Court of Justice
    ICJ
    consultative opinion
    administrative tribunal
    equality before the law
    competences
    decision
    United Nations
    UN
    Opis:
    The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is a principal judicial organ of the United Nations. The main task of ICJ is to settle disputes submitted to it by the states and is also entitled to give advisory opinions which are given on the motion of some United Nations organs and specialized agencies. The expression that ICJ is a “principal judicial organ of the United Nations” doesn’t mean that it is the only one judicial organ within the framework of the United Nations. The United Nations Administrative Tribunal (UNAT) was established by the legal force of the General Assembly resolution 351 A(IV) of 9 December 1949 r. The main purpose of the UNAT was to decide legal employment disputes between United Nations staff and the Organization. In 1955 the Statute of UNAT was amended and the Committee on Application for Review of Administrative Tribunal Judgement was competent to seek advisory opinion form ICJ and this opinion was binding. However Committee only in three cases requested the ICJ to give advisory opinion. Those opinions concerned inter alia the competence of ICJ to respond to the question, the right of Committee to submit such motion, the principle of equality of arms. In spite of that since of the 1st of July 2009 the new system of administration of internal justice was established – the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeal Tribunal, which consider the appeals against judgments rendered by the United Nations Dispute Tribunal, the issues discussed in advisory opinions of ICJ on the matters of appealing against a judicial decision of UNAT are still highly topical, especially in the context of the maintained in force competence of ICJ to review judgement of The Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organisation.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze; 2016, 1 (205); 5-37
    0039-3312
    2719-4302
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Specyfika odpowiedzialności za naruszenia Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka związane z działalnością nieuznawanych reżimów – analiza orzecznictwa
    Autorzy:
    Zaręba, Szymon
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788174.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    Europejska Konwencja Praw Człowieka
    nieuznawane reżimy
    Międzynarodowy Trybunał Sprawiedliwości
    MTS
    naruszenie prawa
    odpowiedzialność międzynarodowa
    orzecznictwo
    państwa trzecie
    European Court of Human Rights
    unrecognized regimes
    International Court of Justice
    ICJ
    infringement of the law
    international responsibility
    judicial decisions
    third state
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to compare the way in which the issue of responsibility for violations related to the acts of unrecognized authorities claiming to be States is treated by the European Court of Human Rights and other international courts, particularly the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The article considers in detail the relations between jurisdiction and responsibility, responsibility of parent States (including the concept of “positive obligations”) and responsibility of States which provide assistance to unrecognized regimes (with emphasis put on the concept of “effective control”). The results of the study indicate that the jurisprudence of the European Court differs in several important aspects from decisions of other international courts. These differences, while undoubtedly enhancing the protection of human rights in Europe, contribute to the process of fragmentation of the law of international responsibility.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze; 2016, 3 (207); 27-66
    0039-3312
    2719-4302
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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