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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 435
Tytuł:
Structure and Properties of the S49 Rail after a Long Term Outdoor Exposure
Autorzy:
Konieczny, Jarosław
Labisz, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172345.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
microstructure
perlite
ferrite
hardness
Opis:
The subject of the research in this work was the S49 rail made of R260 rail steel (1.0623). The carried out investigations concern microstructure tests and tests of mechanical properties of rails after several years of exposure in the open air without usage. The purpose of the work was to determine on the basis of the results of research the possibilities of using the tested rail for usage and application for the construction of tracks on railway sidings. For investigations there were used diverse techniques reaching such engineering materials investigations like light or scanning electron microscope for microstructure investigations, as well as hardness and microhardness test were performed for determinations of the microstructural changes occurred in the upper area of the rails surface. The microstructure changes concerns especially the ferritic and pearlitic structure and the breaks in the present carbide mesh. During investigations it was found out that the tested railway rails are fully useful for application, after machining to achieve required dimensional parameters. It is also of high importance, of the economical point of view, that their price, also in case of earlier installation of the rails, may be lower than the current price offered on the marked for a entire new product. The price difference reaches dimensions in the range of 5% - 10%.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2022, 16, 2; 280--290
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermographic Analysis of Thermal Distribution in Human Teeth Based on Composite Fillings
Autorzy:
Ostapiuk, Monika
Wójcicka, Agnieszka
Tarczydło, Janusz
Sulima, Sylwia
Tarczydło, Bożena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201852.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
thermovision
temperature
teeth
hardness test
Opis:
Composite materials are used in dentistry to rebuild hard tissues of teeth, destroyed by caries disease. Composites intended for dental direct fillings are polymerized with visible light generated by polymerization lamps. The temperature changes during polymerization can be measured within method like thermography. The study used 20 molars without caries, removed from orthodontic indications, A thermal imaging camera was used to test the temperature distribution of composite materials during the polymerization process. The work was taken up about the possibility of imaging the temperature distribution during the polymerization process of composite fillings in human teeth tissues. Temperature distribution was analyzed at specific locations of tooth tissues, particularly in terms of heat migration towards pulp. At the sites of separation of tooth materials and tissues, an attempt was made to assess the hardness of fillings and tissues. It can be concluded that the temperature during test did not exceed 42 °C, at which the tooth pulp is damaged. During cooling, heat spreads through the filling, not through the tooth tissues. Bulkfill did not show a difference in fill hardness regardless of the distance of the light source but GC composite hardness depends on the distance of the light source.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2022, 16, 4; 223--231
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of the load on the hardness
Autorzy:
Petrik, J.
Palfy, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hardness
load
calibration
uncertainty
MSA
Opis:
The objective of the submitted paper is to analyze the influence of the load on the calibration of micro-hardness and hardness testers. The results were validated by Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Z-score. The relationship between the load and micro-hardness in calibration of micro-hardness testers cannot be explained by Kick's Law (Meyer's index "n" is different from 2). The conditions of Kick's Law are satisfied at macro-hardness calibration, the values of "n" are close to 2, regardless of the applied load. The apparent micro-hardness increases with the increase of the load up to 30 g; the reverse indentation size effect (ISE) behavior is typical for this interval of the loads. The influence of the load on the measured microhardness is statistically significant for majority of calibrations.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 2; 223-234
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristic of Oxide Layers Obtained on Titanium in the Process of Thermal Oxidation
Autorzy:
Aniołek, K.
Kupka, M.
Barylski, A.
Mieszczak, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
titanium
oxidation
scale
structure
hardness
Opis:
Thermal oxidation in air may be one method to improve the properties of titanium and its alloys through its influence on the structure and properties of the material’s surface layer. This paper presents a description of oxide layers obtained on the surface of Grade 2 titanium as a result of oxidation at temperatures of 600 and 700°C. On the basis of kinetic curves, it was found that the intensity of oxide layer growth increased with oxidation temperature. Studies of the surface morphology of oxide layers showed that the size of the formed oxide particles was greater following oxidation at 600°C. The obtained layers were subjected to X-ray phase analysis and microhardness measurements. Irrespective of oxidation temperature, the scale consisted of TiO2 oxide in the crystallographic form of rutile and of Ti3O oxide. The hardness of oxide layers amounted to around 1265 HV and was more than 4 times higher compared to the material in i ts initial state.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2A; 853-856
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal Stability of AA1050 Aluminum Alloy after Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Autorzy:
Koprowski, P.
Bogucki, R.
Bieda, M.
Kawałko, J.
Sztwiertnia, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356187.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ECAP
hardness
EBSD
texture
recrystallization
Opis:
The annealing behavior of AA1050 aluminum alloy deformed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was studied experimentally. The material was subjected to extrusion through die with channels intersecting at an 90° angle. Samples were pressed for up to 8 passes using route BC, then cut into slices and subsequently annealed for 1 hour at temperatures from 100°C to 350°C. Hardness measurements were performed on each slice. Microstructure of material was analyzed in the longitudinal section by means of Electron Backscatter Diffraction system in a scanning electron microscope (EBSD/SEM). From the obtained sets of Kikuchi diffraction patterns orientation maps and Image Quality maps were determined. Grain size, disorientation distributions and crystallographic texture were also estimated. ECAP caused significant improvement of hardness, with stabilization after 4 passes. Refinement of microstructure was obtained with the increasing amount of passes. Material properties were stable during annealing at temperatures lower than 150°C. Annealing at higher temperatures caused a decrease in hardness corresponding to an increase of the grain size.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 777-786
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural basis of wheat hardness and technological consequences
Autorzy:
Abecassis, J.
Chaurand, M.
Autran, J.C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24944.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
flour
milling
agronomic factor
grain hardness
wheat
genetic factor
texture
endosperm
cereal industry
hardness
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 1997, 11, 4
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of the Erosive Wear Resistance of Boronized Ash-Blowing Nozzles
Autorzy:
Calik, A.
Ozbakir, O.
Karakas, S.
Ucar, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030338.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-02
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
boriding
wear resistance
boride layer
hardness
Opis:
In this study, pack boronizing was applied to ash-blowing nozzles manufactured from AISI 1040 steels using Ekabor II powders as the boronizing source at a temperature of 1273 K for a duration of 8 h. Erosive wear tests of boride ash-blowing nozzles were carried out in ash delivery line of thermal reactor under actual working conditions. It was observed that erosive wear resistance of borided ash-blowing nozzles were increased 3 times as a result of the boronizing process. The improved wear resistance of the borided samples can be explained by increased surface hardness and higher work hardening.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 131, 2; 252-254
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of a constant state of deformation on the friction coefficient in selected thermoplastics (polymer–steel pair)
Wpływ utrzymywanego stanu odkształcenia wybranych polimerów termoplastycznych na współczynnik tarcia po stali
Autorzy:
Kujawa, M.
Wieleba, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/190368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
strain
hardness
tension
odkształcenie
twardość
rozciąganie
Opis:
The effect of tensile deformation on polymer structures and their mechanical properties is described in various papers. However, the majority of articles are focused on high deformation (a few hundred percentiles) at increased temperature. It causes changes in orientation and the crystallinity ratio. The authors of this paper asses the influence of strain (max. 50%) on hardness and the coefficient of friction (polymer–steel A1 couple) for selected polymers. The deformation was conducted at room temperature and maintained during tests. There was a significant reduction (up to 50%) of hardness after deformation, in the case of all examined polymers. In the case of PE-HD, the coefficient of kinetic friction almost doubled its value (89% increase). The reduction of the coefficient of static friction for sliding pairs that include PTFE and PA6 was about 26% (in comparison with non-deformed polymer). For all investigated polymers, hardness increased over time (up to 40% after 24 hours). Coefficients of static and kinetic friction decreased in 24 hours (up to 29% coefficient of static friction and 19% coefficient of kinetic friction). The research shows that a small deformation causes changes in polymer properties. Moreover, these changes appear at room temperature directly after deformation.
Wpływ rozciągania na strukturę polimeru i jego właściwości jest szeroko opisany w literaturze. Jednakże publikacje dotyczące tej tematyki skupiają się na znacznych odkształceniach (kilkaset %) przy podwyższonej temperaturze. Zabieg ten powoduje orientację struktury i zmianę stopnia krystaliczności. Autorzy tej publikacji przebadali wpływ odkształcenia (max. 50%) na twardość i współczynnik tarcia po stali (A1). Próbki były rozciągane w temperaturze pokojowej, a odkształcenie utrzymywano podczas badań. W przypadku wszystkich badanych polimerów zaobserwowano znaczące zmniejszenie twardości po odkształceniu (aż do 50%). Dla pary PE-HD – stal (A1) po odkształceniu polimeru współczynnik tarcia kinetycznego niemalże podwoił swoją wartość (zwiększenie o 89%). Zmniejszenie współczynnika tarcia wynosiło do 26% dla par zawierających PTFE i PA6. Wraz z upływem czasu zwiększała się twardość polimerów (o maksymalnie 40% po 24 godzinach). Wartości współczynników tarcia statycznego i kinetycznego zmniejszyły się maksymalnie o odpowiednio 29% i19%. Badania ukazują, że nawet stosunkowo niewielkie odkształcenie powoduje zmiany właściwości polimeru. Ponadto modyfikacje pojawiają się bezpośrednio po odkształceniu w temperaturze pokojowej.
Źródło:
Tribologia; 2017, 274, 4; 39-45
0208-7774
Pojawia się w:
Tribologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics of interactions between some texture properties and composition of carrageenan gels as a result of its defined diversified freezing and thawing treatment
Autorzy:
Kozłowicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102915.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
freezing
carrageenan
gels
drip loss
hardness
Opis:
Model samples of carrageenan gels based on water, milk and juice were air-blast frozen and frozen by immersion in glycol and in liquid nitrogen. The gel freezing rate was determined on the basis of the kinetics of freezing. Carrageenan gel samples were characterized by evaluation of its thawing drip loss and hardness determined with compression and penetration tests. Freezing in liquid nitrogen ensured the highest freezing rates. Thawing drip loss of gels significantly depended on the carrageenan content, pH of the solution, freezing method and freezing rate. The resulting relationships are linear functions with high determination coefficients. The results of compression and penetration tests prove the significant effect of the carrageenan content and pH on gel hardness. The higher carrageenan content in a sample, the higher compression force and penetration of the gel. Gel freezing resulted in lower hardness. Freezing conditions had a significant effect on the properties tested. The correlation between compression forces and penetration depending on the carrageenan content and the freezing method was described using regression equations with high determination coefficients. Gels based on milk and juice with 2.2% carrageenan content are recommended for immersion freezing at rates above 5.0 cm·h-1.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2013, 7, 18; 13-19
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Analysis of Filler Material Effect on Properties of Excavator Crawler Track Shoe after Welding Regeneration
Autorzy:
Gucwa, M.
Winczek, J.
Wieczorek, P.
Mičian, M.
Koňár, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049557.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hardfacing
carbides
hardness
wear
covered electrode
Opis:
The application of hardfacing is one of the ways to restore the functional properties of worn elements. The possibility of using filler materials rich in chrome allows for better wear resistance than base materials used so far. The paper presents the results of research on the use of 3 different grades of covered electrodes for the regeneration of worn track staves. The content of the carbon in the covered electrodes was from 0,5% to 7% and the chromium from 5% to 33%. The microscopic and hardness tests revealed large differences in the structure and properties of the welds. The differences in the hardness of the welds between the materials used were up to 150 HV units. The difference in wear resistance, in the ASTM G65 test, between the best and worst materials was almost 12 times big.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 1; 31-36
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of selected physical, chemical and biological properties of selected materials intended for contact with human body
Autorzy:
Mrówka, Maciej
Machoczek, Tomasz
Jureczko, Paweł
Szymiczek, Małgorzata
Skonieczna, Magdalena
Marcoll, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
absorption
hardness
biocompatibility
structural materials
emissivity
Opis:
The purpose of the conducted study was to analyse new materials intended for contact with the human body in view of their physical, chemical and biological properties. The authors have put to test six commercially available materials, four out of which were composite polyamide 12-based materials, while two were polyurethanes. The examined materials were assessed in terms of the surface. Subsequently, their hardness and biocompatibility were tested. The authors devoted major attention to the tests of absorption and emissivity of water, the pH = 7.4 PBS buffer solution and pH = 4.3 artificial sweat in temperatures of 21°C and 37°C. The results of the tests have confirmed the non-toxicity of all the tested materials and allowed to provide their characteristics in terms of their surface, hardness, as well as absorption and emissivity of various body fluids. Both polyamide 12 and the tested polyurethanes are classified as thermoplastics that may be used in additive technology.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2019, 21, 1; 1-8
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Comparative Study of Residual Stress and Mechanical Properties for FSW and TIG Weld on Structural Steel
Autorzy:
Chaurasia, P. K.
Pandey, C.
Giri, A.
Saini, N.
Mahapatra, M. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
FSW
TIG
residual stress
microstructure
hardness
Opis:
Mechanical properties and residual stresses of friction stir welded and autogenous tungsten inert gas welded structural steel butt welds have been studied. Friction stir welding (FSW) of structural steel butt joints has been carried out by in-house prepared tungsten carbide tool with 20 mm/min welding speed and 931 rpm tool rotation. Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of the butt joints was carried out with welding current, arc voltage and the welding speed of 140 amp, 12 V and 90 mm/min respectively. Residual stress measurement in the butt welds has been carried out in weld fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ) by using blind hole drilling method. The magnitude of longitudinal residual stress along the weld line of TIG welded joints were observed to be higher than friction stir welded joint. In both TIG and FSW joints, the nature of longitudinal stress in the base metal was observed to be compressive whereas in HAZ was observed to be tensile. It can be stated that butt welds produced with FSW process had residual stress much lower than the autogenous TIG welds.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 2; 1019-1029
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigating Sintering Behavior of the Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) Reinforced Aluminum Nanocomposites Via Low Energy Solution Ball Milling
Autorzy:
Baig, Zeeshan
Mamat, Othman
Mustapha, Mazli
Ali, Sadaqat
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355724.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
graphene
aluminum
milling
dispersion
hardness
wear
Opis:
Owing to the excellent properties, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) show great reinforcing ability to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of Al nanocomposites for many automotive applications. In this work, the GNPs dispersion and reinforcing effect in Al nanocomposite was tested. Solvent dispersion via tip sonication and facile low energy ball milling (tumbling milling) using two milling speeds 200 and 300 rpm were employed to develop GNPs/Al powders. Sintering response of the GNPs/Al sintered samples wasgauged at two temperatures (550°C and 620°C). The effects of GNPs content, milling rotation speed and sintering temperature on the density, hardness and wear properties of the nanocomposite were examined. The results indicate that relative density % decreases with increasing GNPs content due to possible reagglomeration. The highest hardness of 35.6% and wear rate of 76.68% is achieved in 0.3 wt.% GNPs/Al nanocomposite processed at 300 rpm and 620°C as compared to pure Al due to uniform dispersion, higher diffusion rate at a higher temperature and effective lubrication effect.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 2; 755-759
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the chemical composition on the hardness of defibrator plate segments
Autorzy:
Barlak, Marek
Wilkowski, Jacek
Danecki, Leszek
Werner, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146676.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
defibrator plate segments
hardness
chemical composition
Opis:
Influence of the chemical composition on the hardness of defibrator plate segments. The paper presents the results of the hardness measurements of the material of defibrator plate segments, in connection with their chemical composition. The investigations of the chemical composition were performed using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The hardness was measured using the Rockwell method. The increased number of the alloy components leads to an increase in hardness by approx. 3%, in comparison with the normalized L210H21S cast steel. Changes of the chemical composition and increase in the number of alloy components are ineffective from the viewpoint of the alloy hardness.
Wpływ składu chemicznego na twardość segmentów tarcz mielących termorozwłókniarki. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów twardości materiału segmentów tarcz mielących termorozwłókniarki w powiązaniu z badaniami jego składu chemicznego. Badania składu chemicznego były prowadzone metodą Rentgenowskiej Spektroskopii Dyspersji Energii. Twardość była mierzona metodą Rockwella. Zwiększanie liczby dodatków stopowych, w porównaniu ze znormalizowanym staliwem L210H21S, powoduje wzrost twardości o ok. 3%. Zmiana składu chemicznego i zwiększanie liczby dodatków stopowych są nieefektywne z punktu widzenia twardości.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2021, 113; 20--29
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 435

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