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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Estimation of Heart Rate Variability Fluctuations by Wavelet Transform
    Autorzy:
    Popov, A.
    Karplyuk, Y.
    Fesechko, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226306.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    heart rate variability
    HRV fluctuations
    HRV wavelet analysis
    time-dependent HRV estimation
    wavelet transform
    Opis:
    Technique for separate estimation of fast and slow fluctuations in the heart rate signal is developed. The orthogonal dyadic wavelet transform is used to separate the slow heart rate changes in approximation part of decomposition and fast changes in detail parts. Experimental results using the recordings from persons practicing Chi meditation demonstrated the applicability of estimation heart rate fluctuations with the proposed approach.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2011, 57, 3; 395-400
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Missing-data imputation using wearable sensors in heart rate variability
    Autorzy:
    Tlija, A.
    Węgrzyn-Wolska, K.
    Istrate, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200516.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    data imputation
    spline interpolation
    linear interpolation
    HRV
    IoT
    Opis:
    The objective of this work is to set up a methodology that considers missing data from a connected heartbeat sensor in order to propose a good replacement methodology in the context of heart rate variability (HRV) computation. The framework is a research project, which aims to build a system that can measure stress and other factors influencing the onset and development of heart disease. The research encompasses studying existing methods, and improving them by use of experimental data from case study that describe the participant’s everyday life. We conduct a study to modelize stress from the HRV signal, which is extracted from a heart rate monitor belt connected to a smart watch. This paper describes data recording procedure and data imputation methodology. Missing data is a topic that has been discussed by several authors. The manuscript explains why we choose spline interpolation for data values imputation. We implement a random suppression data procedure and simulate removed data. After that, we implement several algorithms and choose the best one for our case study based on the mean square error.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2020, 68, 2; 255-261
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prolonged job strain reduces time-domain heart rate variability on both working and resting days among cardiovascular-susceptible nurses
    Autorzy:
    Borchini, Rossana
    Bertù, Lorenza
    Ferrario, Marco M.
    Veronesi, Giovanni
    Bonzini, Matteo
    Dorso, Marco
    Cesana, Giancarlo
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176995.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-02-24
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    nurses
    job strain
    heart rate variability
    HRV
    time-domain parameters
    ECG-monitoring
    Opis:
    Introduction Modifications of hearth rate variability (HRV) constitute a marker of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) deregulation, a promising pathway linking job strain (JS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The study objective is to assess whether exposures to recent and prolonged JS reduce time-domain HRV parameters on working days (WD) among CVD-susceptible nurses and whether the association also persists on resting days (RD). Material and methods 313 healthy nurses were investigated twice with one year interval to assess JS based on the demand-control and the effort-reward models. 36, 9 and 16 CVD-susceptible nurses were classified as low JS in both surveys (stable low strain – SLS), recent high JS (high JS at the second screening only-RHS) and prolonged high JS (high strain in both surveys-PHS), respectively. In 9, 7 and 10 of them, free from comorbidities/treatments interfering with HRV, two 24-h ECG recordings were performed on WD and RD. Differences in the time domain HRV metrics among JS categories were assessed using ANCOVA, adjusted for age and smoking. Results In the entire sample (mean age: 39 years, 83% females) the prevalence of high job strain was 38.7% in the second survey. SDNN (standard deviation of all normal RR intervals) on WD significantly declined among JS categories (p = 0.02), with geometric mean values of 169.1, 145.3 and 128.9 ms in SLS, RHS, PHS, respectively. In the PHS group, SDNN remained lower on RD as compared to the low strain subjects (142.4 vs. 171.1 ms, p = 0.02). Similar findings were found for the SDNN_Index, while SDANN (standard deviation of average RR intervals in all 5 min segments of registration) mean values reduced in the PHS group during WD only. Conclusions Our findings suggest that persistent JS lowers HRV time-domain parameters, supporting the hypothesis that the ANS disorders may play an intermediate role in the relationship between work stress and CVD.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 1; 42-51
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Diving and autonomic cardiovascular system regulation in persons with paraplegia
    Nurkowanie a autonomiczna regulacja czynności układu krążenia u osób z paraplegią
    Autorzy:
    Graczyk, Dominik
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1956553.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Bronisława Czecha w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    Diving
    disability
    Paraplegia
    heart rate variability
    HRV
    nurkowanie
    niepełnosprawność
    paraplegia
    zmienność rytmu zatokowego
    Opis:
    Background: Diving has become popular among individualss with various kinds of disabilities and may be applied as a rehabilitation method. This form of activity has a beneficial effect on movement abilities and the psychological state. Some physical limitations disappear under water enabling disabled persons to discover new possibilities for their bodies. Yet there is not enough information - about the influence of diving on different aspects of physiology in disabled persons, in particular about sympathetic-parasympathetic balance in cardiovascular system regulation.Aim: To investigate whether diving can influence heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with paraplegia.Material and methods: In the case series study 19 men with paraplegia were examined during the couse of two 20-minute, 6 meters deep open water dives in wet suits. There were two phases of the investigation: 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after diving. Two kinds of diving were tested: tourist and task diving. HRV parameters measured before and after diving were obtained by means of the sport-tester Polar Vantage .Results: There were no significant changes in heart rate variability after diving but interindividual differences were shown.Conclusions: The unfavourable influence of diving on balance in the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system was not confirmed but due to interindividual differences one is unable to foresee heart rate variability changes in persons with paraplegy during diving.
    Wstęp: Nurkowanie staje się popularną formą aktywności wśród osób niepełnosprawnych, stwarzającą szczególne warunki oddziaływania rehabilitacyjnego. Korzystnie wpływa na zdolności ruchowe i stan psychiczny. W środowisku wodnym fizyczne ograniczenia zmniejszają się, a niepełnosprawni odkrywają nowe możliwości ruchowe własnego ciała. W piśmiennictwie brak jest wystarczających informacji o wpływie nurkowania na różne aspekty fizjologii osób niepełnosprawnych, w tym na autonomiczną regulację czynności układu krąŜenia u osób z uszkodzeniem rdzenia kręgowego. Cel: Zbadanie czy nurkowanie wpływa na równowagę współczulno-przywspółczulną układu autonomicznego u osób z uszkodzeniem rdzenia kręgowego z następową paraplegią. Materiał i metody: Badanie obserwacyjne, seria przypadków. 19 mężczyzn z paraplegią zbadano podczas dwóch odbywających się w wodach otwartych 20-minutowych nurkowań w skafandrach mokrych na głębokość 6 metrów. Badanie obejmowało okres 10 minut przed i 10 minut po 2 rodzajach nurkowania: turystycznym i zadaniowym. Parametry zmienności rytmu zatokowego serca pozyskano za pomocą sport testera Polar Vantage. Wyniki: Nie wykazano istotnego wpływu nurkowania na zmienność rytmu serca. Ujawniono jednak występowanie różnic międzyosobniczych. Wnioski: Nie potwierdzono niekorzystnego wpływu nurkowania na równowagę autonomiczną badanych, jednak występujące różnice międzyosobnicze nakazują ostroŜność w kwalifikowaniu do nurkowania osób z paraplegią.
    Źródło:
    Medical Rehabilitation; 2010, 14(1); 25-29
    1427-9622
    1896-3250
    Pojawia się w:
    Medical Rehabilitation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Inflammatory response to acute exposure to welding fumes during the working day
    Autorzy:
    Järvelä, Merja
    Kauppi, Paula
    Tuomi, Timo
    Luukkonen, Ritva
    Lindholm, Harri
    Nieminen, Riina
    Moilanen, Eeva
    Hannu, Timo
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179774.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-04-01
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    cytokines
    E-selectin
    Exhaled Nitric Oxide (NO)
    heart rate variability (HRV)
    interleukin-1β
    welding
    Opis:
    Objectives: To investigate cardiorespiratory and inflammatory responses in male workers following exposure to welding fumes and airborne particles in actual workplace conditions. Materials and Methods: We measured blood leukocytes and their differential counts, platelet count, hemoglobin, sensitive C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, E-selectin, IL-(interleukin)1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and endothelin-1 in blood samples of twenty workers before and after their working day. We also studied peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), and exhaled nitric oxide (NO). We assessed heart rate variability (HRV) by obtaining 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms. Results: The total blood leukocytes and neutrophils increased after the work shift, whereas IL-1β and E-selectin decreased significantly. There were no tatistically significant changes in exhaled NO, FEV₁, PEF or HRV. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to welding fumes and particles caused a slight, acute inflammatory effect estimated based on the increased values of leukocytes and neutrophils in blood and a decrease in the interleukin 1β and E-selectin values, but no changes in the pulmonary function (exhaled NO, FEV₁, PEF) or HRV during the working day were observed.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2013, 26, 2; 220-229
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wykrywanie obecności genomu rynowirusa w popłuczynach nosowych u chorych na astmę
    Autorzy:
    Hubalewska-Mazgaj, Magdalena
    Bochenek, Grażyna
    Pulka, Grażyna
    Sanak, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1034078.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    HRV
    RNA
    astma
    badanie
    choroby
    metoda
    pikornawirusy
    rynowirusy
    układ oddechowy
    wirusy
    zakażenia górnych dróg oddechowych
    zakażenie wirusowe dróg oddechowych
    Opis:
    Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are one of the nine genera belonging to a large family of Picornaviridae. They are responsible for the most cases of common cold, as well as one third to one half of upper respiratory tract (URT) infections. However, HRV are also associated with more severe illnesses, like acute otitis media, sinusitis and some lower respiratory tract diseases such as pneumonia, wheezing in children and exacerbations of asthma. Viral infections are associated with the majority of asthma exacerbations both in children (80-85%) and adults (75-80%), and about 60% of these are caused by HRV. However, the exact mechanism of HRV-induced exacerbations of the disease is not well understood, which makes it difficult to establish the effective treatment. There have already been many attempts to develop a sensitive and specific method of HRV detection in clinical samples. Some of them were based on virus cultures followed by acid lability test, whereas others implemented the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and amplification of conserved sequences of the rhinoviral genome. As numerous of these sequences are common to both rhinoviruses and enteroviruses (EVs), further analyses were necessary, which made those methods laborious, time-consuming and too difficult to use in routine diagnostics. Steininger et al. established an RT-PCR-based sensitive and specific method of rhinovirus detection in clinical samples, which was tested to amplify 87 different tissue-culturegrown serotypes of HRV. The aim of this study was to evaluate a modified RT-PCR based method of HRV detection in clinical samples obtained from patients with asthma exacerbations. We collected 41 nasal lavages from patients with asthma exacerbations who received hospital treatment either following an admission or in an out-patient clinic. HRV was found in 22 cases (54%), which corresponded well with the published data.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Nauki Ścisłe; 2010, 1; 23-33
    2082-3827
    2084-977X
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Nauki Ścisłe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Improved Temporal Resolution Heart Rate Variability Monitoring—Pilot Results of Non-Laboratory Experiments Targeting Future Assessment of Human–Computer Interaction
    Autorzy:
    Hercegfi, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89831.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
    Tematy:
    human-computer interaction (HCI)
    software ergonomics
    software usability testing and evaluation
    empirical methods
    heart rate variability (HRV)
    skin conductance
    Opis:
    This paper outlines the INTERFACE software ergonomic evaluation methodology and presents new validation results. The INTERFACE methodology is based on a simultaneous assessment of heart rate variability, skin conductance, and other data. The results of using this methodology on-site, in a non-laboratory environment indicate that it is potentially capable of identifying quality attributes of elements of software with a temporal resolution of only a few seconds. This paper presents pilot results supporting this hypothesis, showing empirical evidence in spite of the definitely non-laboratory environment: they indicate that the method is robust enough for practical usability tests. Naturally, in the future these pilot results will have to be followed with further laboratory-based verification and refinement. This paper focuses only on some characteristics of this method, not on an actual analysis of human–computer interaction; however, its results can establish a future practical and objective event-related analysis of software use.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2011, 17, 2; 105-117
    1080-3548
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Event-Related Assessment of Hypermedia-Based E-Learning Materials With an HRV-Based Method That Considers Individual Differences in Users
    Autorzy:
    Hercegfi, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90195.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
    Tematy:
    human-computer interaction (HCI)
    software ergonomics
    software usability testing and evaluation
    empirical methods
    heart rate variability (HRV)
    e-learning
    hypermedia
    Opis:
    This paper reports results of an assessment of e-learning materials with the INTERFACE software evaluation methodology. On the one hand, this method of analysis allows us to identify ergonomics problems; on the other, to decide to what extent those problems and their severity concern all users in general and to what extent they depend on the usersʼ type and characteristics. This is the first publication to apply the new marking, export, and statistical features of INTERFACE used in a quantitative analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) curves instead of earlier time-based statistics and qualitative methods. It presents correlations between event-related characteristics of human–computer interaction and the currently required mental effort showed with HRV. The paper also discusses correlations between variables and cognitive-style test scores which indicate the role of individual differences in ergonomics.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2011, 17, 2; 119-127
    1080-3548
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Detekcja błędów segmentacji sygnału fotopletyzmograficznego
    The detection of segmentation errors in a photoplethysmographic signal
    Autorzy:
    Bołtrukiewicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/157309.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
    Tematy:
    błąd segmentacji
    wskaźnik błędów
    sygnał fotopletyzmograficzny
    zmienność rytmu serca
    przedziały tolerancji
    czułość
    specyficzność
    error of segmentation
    factor of errors
    photoplethysmographic signal
    PPG
    heart rate variability
    HRV
    ranges of tolerance
    sensitivity
    specificity
    Opis:
    Tematyka pracy związana jest z analizą zmienności rytmu serca, a dotyczy w szczególności detekcji błędów powstających podczas segmentacji procedury wyznaczającej zbiór okresów przebiegu. W artykule omówiono i zilustrowano podstawowe przyczyny błędów segmentacji. Zaproponowano dwa algorytmy detekcyjne wykorzystujące statystyczne przedziały tolerancji, które następnie przetestowano i oceniono przy użyciu posiadanego zbioru 5-minutowych przebiegów sygnału fotopletyzmograficznego.
    The paper concerns the detection of segmentation errors in a photoplethysmographic signal (PPG). In the paper, the causes of segmentation errors are considered. The technical causes are presented in Figs. 1 and 2 while the biological causes are shown in Fig. 3. Two algorithms of detection of errors are proposed. Both algorithms use statistical tolerance ranges, which are described by Eq. 1. The principles of operation of these algorithms are given in Eqs. 2 and 3. In the study the efficiency of these algorithms was evaluated using the factor of errors defined by Eq. 4. For both algorithms the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP) and positive prediction value (PPV) and negative prediction value (NPV) were calculated, too. In the experiments real photoplethysmographic signals were analyzed. Time duration of each signal was equal to 5 min. The coefficients of errors obtained for both algorithms are presented in Fig. 4. The comparison of the sensitivity and the positive prediction value is shown in Fig. 5. The causes of differences between the obtained values of the coefficients are considered. The possibility of improvement of SE and PPV is also analyzed.
    Źródło:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2014, R. 60, nr 8, 8; 541-543
    0032-4140
    Pojawia się w:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new method of cardiac sympathetic index estimation using a 1D-convolutional neural network
    Autorzy:
    Kołodziej, Marcin
    Majkowski, Andrzej
    Tarnowski, Paweł
    Rak, Remigiusz Jan
    Rysz, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2090741.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    epilepsy
    seizure detection
    seizure prediction
    convolutional neural network
    deep learning
    ECG
    HRV
    cardiac sympathetic index
    padaczka
    wykrywanie napadu
    przewidywanie napadu
    splotowa sieć neuronowa
    głęboka nauka
    technika deep learning
    EKG
    wskaźnik współczulny serca
    Opis:
    Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes seizures of many different types. The article presents an analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) for epileptic seizure prediction. Considering that HRV is nonstationary, our research focused on the quantitative analysis of a Poincare plot feature, i.e. cardiac sympathetic index (CSI). It is reported that the CSI value increases before the epileptic seizure. An algorithm using a 1D-convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) was proposed for CSI estimation. The usability of this method was checked for 40 epilepsy patients. Our algorithm was compared with the method proposed by Toichi et al. The mean squared error (MSE) for testing data was 0.046 and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) amounted to 0.097. The 1D-CNN algorithm was also compared with regression methods. For this purpose, a classical type of neural network (MLP), as well as linear regression and SVM regression, were tested. In the study, typical artifacts occurring in ECG signals before and during an epileptic seizure were simulated. The proposed 1D-CNN algorithm estimates CSI well and is resistant to noise and artifacts in the ECG signal.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 3; e136921, 1--9
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new method of cardiac sympathetic index estimation using a 1D-convolutional neural network
    Autorzy:
    Kołodziej, Marcin
    Majkowski, Andrzej
    Tarnowski, Paweł
    Rak, Remigiusz Jan
    Rysz, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173565.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    epilepsy
    seizure detection
    seizure prediction
    convolutional neural network
    deep learning
    ECG
    HRV
    cardiac sympathetic index
    padaczka
    wykrywanie napadu
    przewidywanie napadu
    splotowa sieć neuronowa
    głęboka nauka
    technika deep learning
    EKG
    wskaźnik współczulny serca
    Opis:
    Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes seizures of many different types. The article presents an analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) for epileptic seizure prediction. Considering that HRV is nonstationary, our research focused on the quantitative analysis of a Poincare plot feature, i.e. cardiac sympathetic index (CSI). It is reported that the CSI value increases before the epileptic seizure. An algorithm using a 1D-convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) was proposed for CSI estimation. The usability of this method was checked for 40 epilepsy patients. Our algorithm was compared with the method proposed by Toichi et al. The mean squared error (MSE) for testing data was 0.046 and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) amounted to 0.097. The 1D-CNN algorithm was also compared with regression methods. For this purpose, a classical type of neural network (MLP), as well as linear regression and SVM regression, were tested. In the study, typical artifacts occurring in ECG signals before and during an epileptic seizure were simulated. The proposed 1D-CNN algorithm estimates CSI well and is resistant to noise and artifacts in the ECG signal.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 3; art. no. e136921
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sprężony gaz ziemny jako paliwo do pojazdów - alternatywa dla transportu publicznego w Zakopanem
    Compressed natural gas as a car fuel - an alternative of public transport in Zakopane
    Autorzy:
    Kwaśniewski, K.
    Sas, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/300231.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)
    LNG (Liquided Natural Gas)
    stacje tankowania CNG
    HRV (Home Refueling Appliance)
    pojazdy na gaz ziemny
    poziom emisji spalin
    normy Euro 4 i Euro 5
    gas vehicles
    wastes gases emission level
    Euro 4 and Euro 5 standards
    Opis:
    Jednym z kluczowych wyzwań współczesnego świata jest ograniczenie emisji szkodliwych substancji do atmosfery. Decydujący wpływ na poziom tej emisji ma przemysł, ciepłownictwo oraz transport samochodowy i lotniczy. W skali lokalnej struktura emisji do atmosfery może być zupełnie odmienna, zwłaszcza w ośrodkach, gdzie nie ma rozwiniętego przemysłu. Zakopane - miejscowość typowo turystyczna, jest niestety narażona na pojawianie się smogu. Ma to swoje główne przyczyny w emisji spalin z ciepłownictwa oraz spalin z pojazdów samochodowych. W artykule zaproponowano rozwiązania organizacyjne i finansowanie projektu dotyczącego zmiany tradycyjnego paliwa (ON, benzyna) na gaz ziemny sprężony, dla transportu publicznego w Zakopanem, co pozwoliłoby istotnie zmniejszyć emisję CO2, CO i innych szkodliwych substancji do atmosfery, a przez to poprawić jakość powietrza w tej miejscowości.
    One of the key challenges of contemporary world is reducing toxic emissions to the atmosphere. The level of emissions is defined by industry, heating industry, car and air transport. At a local scale, the structure of atmospheric emissions can vary in places where the industry has not developed. Zakopane is a typically tourist-oriented place, which, however is endangered with smog formation. This is mainly caused by the waste gases emission from heating plants and from the combustion of car fuels. The organization and financial solutions of a project dedicated to replacing of traditional fuel (ON, gasoline) with compressed natural gas for public transport in Zakopane, were proposed. They would enable reducing atmospheric emissions of CO2, CO and other noxious substances, thus improving the quality of air in Zakopane.
    Źródło:
    Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz; 2008, 25, 2; 417-425
    1507-0042
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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