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Tytuł:
Germanic Women in the Eyes of Law
Autorzy:
Buczek, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016088.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Germanic
law
woman
Frisian law
Anglo-Saxon law
crime
punishment
Germanic culture
Opis:
Germanic laws focused mainly on community and kinship ties, they clearly defined social divisions and organized the life of the community. The law was not to be perceived as a product of the times, it was passed on from generation to generation and conveyed the wisdom of the elder. Every crime against another person or their property, independently of whether it concerned family laws, laws of property or any other laws, had to be compensated in accordance with customary rules as well as the social status of the aggrieved.The paper takes the perspective of social and cultural anthropology and aims to shed some light on the legal situation of women in Germanic laws. The author’s aim is to investigate the position of women and their legal status in Germanic society. The paper compares the situation of young women who remained under the protection of their fathers and brothers with the situation of wives, mothers and finally widows. The author discusses the crimes committed on women and the severity of their punishment that are mentioned in the available manuscripts of legal texts. The paper aims at presenting both the image and legal status of a Germanic woman.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2018, 7; 55-66
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Germanische und slavische Bezeichnungen für ‘Milch’ und ‘melken’
The Germanic and Slavonic words for ‘milk’ and ‘to milk’
Autorzy:
Levickij, Viktor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Germanic
Slavonic words
linguistic history
Opis:
A hypothesis has been proposed stating that the Germanic words with the meaning ‘milk’ and ‘to milk’ go back to IE root *mel- ‘to crush, to squash’, ‘to spread, to smear’. This root could have generated two semantic derivatives, namely, ‘to spill; wet, moist’ and ‘to rub, to stroke’ to which the meanings ‘milk’ and ‘to milk’ go back. The Germanic *mel-uk- ‘milk’ might be a compound word, the second component o which *au eg-/ug- has the meaning ‘to increase, to add’.
Źródło:
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia; 2012, 17, 2; 101-104
1427-8219
Pojawia się w:
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Form of DO Employed to Form the Weak Preterit
Autorzy:
White, David L
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
weak preterit
Germanic
English
DO
Opis:
In all of the various sub-cases that comprise the case of what PIE tense of DO was employed to form the weak preterit, perfect origin falls somewhere in the range of “almost certain” to “quite possible”. By contrast, non-perfect origin is in most cases de- pendent on propositions that are either ad hoc or otherwise problematic. In the only case that at first appears to strongly favor non-perfect origin, 2SG /-dɛɛs/ can be seen as orig- inating by “opportunistic re-interpretation” of /-dɛd-t/ > /-dɛss/ as /-dɛɛs/, with 2SG /-s/. Obscure phonological changes of the traditional kind permit the 1SG, 3SG, and 3PL to be seen as having perfect origin. All forms can be seen as having perfect origin.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2021, 30(2); 5-32
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sphenopsid and fern remains from the Upper Triassic of Krasiejów (SW Poland)
Autorzy:
Pacyna, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191176.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
fossil plants
Neocalamites
Sphenopteris
Germanic Basin
Opis:
Hydrophilic elements, such as sphenopsids and fems, are rare in the flora of the Krasiejów site and they are poorly preserved. One sphenopsid species, Neocalamites merianii, was recognised. It is preserved as impressions, flattened casts, moulds and isolated leaves. So far, only one small fern specimen, determined as Sphenopteris sp., has been found. These elements probably were transported to the site of deposition and did not grow where they were buried.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 3; 307-316
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An explanation for low endemism of Triassic crinoids fromthe epicontinental Germanic Basin, Poland
Autorzy:
Salamon, M. A.
Niedźwiedzki, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058915.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Germanic Basin
Polska
Triassic
muschelkalk
crinoids
biogeography
Opis:
A summary of known crinoid taxa in the Polish part of the Triassic Germanic Basin, including their presence elsewhere, is documented. At present, 13 taxa and 3 ecophenotypes of crinoids have been recorded from that area, only one of them being endemic. In the Lower Muschelkalk and lower part of theMiddleMuschelkalk, taxa widespread both in the Tethys and Germanic Basin, or Tethyan taxa, dominate. In the Upper Muschelkalk crinoids are very rare in Poland, being represented by Encrinus liliiformis and Holocrinus sp. Many of the species occurring in the central part of the Germanic Basin in the Upper Muschelkalk have not been recorded in the eastern part of the basin. The degree of endemism of the crinoid fauna in theMuschelkalk is markedly lower than the degree of endemism of the rest of the benthonic macrofauna. This probably resulted from huge number of crinoids forming "crinoid gardens" that produced large number of larvae, increasing the chances of successful geographical expansion of crinoids.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2005, 49, 3; 331--338
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Possible Solutions for Long-Standing Problems Involving Old English Verbs
Autorzy:
White, David L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Brittonic, Celtic,
analogy,
equivalence interference,
Germanic,
verbs
Opis:
Solutions based on “equivalence interference” are proposed for various problems involving OE verbs. WG verbs with 1SG /-ͻͻmi/ were modeled on Celtic verbs with /-aami/. Pre-OE eode is from /eiͻͻde/, analogical to 1SG /eiͻͻmi/ from /eimi/. OE dyd- is from reinterpretation of peasant /dïd-/, from low-stressed /ded-/ used as a non-emphatic periphrastic, as noble /düd-/. WG /bii-/ ‘be’ was modeled on Celtic /bii-/ ‘(habitual-future) be’. Habitual-future /bi-/ (lost on the continent) re-developed in OE on the model of habitual-future /bi-/ in Brittonic. The English rule that non-indicative forms of BE are /b/-forms is from Brittonic. 3PL bi(o)đon was modeled on Brittonic /biđont/. Pre-OE /ist/ and /im/ were influenced by Brittonic /is/ and /æm/. Loss of distinct endings before 1PL and 2PL subject pronouns and loss of distinct preterit subjunctive endings were both modeled on their analogues in Brittonic.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2019, 28/2; 25-45
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intelligibility in the early language contact in Danelaw revisited
Autorzy:
Sówka-Pietraszewska, Katarzyna
Grelowska, Gabriela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28409205.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-01
Wydawca:
Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
Danelaw
mutual intelligibility
Proto-Germanic
comparative approach
Opis:
The problem of intelligibility between Anglo-Saxons and Scandinavians in Danelaw has been a matter of dispute for over a century now. Two perspectives of looking at this issue have been proposed. One group of scholars claim that, due to a fair number of similarities in the lexis and grammar of the languages, the level of mutual intelligibility was high. The other party strongly objects to the view of commonalities and mutual comprehension. Instead, they argue for the idea of emerging bilingualism in Danelaw. This paper aims to adduce arguments to the claim of mutual intelligibility proposed by Townend (2002), among others. We provide an insightful etymological account of meticulously collected parallel words in the analysed languages. The search for the common ancestry of lexical roots is enhanced by the study of cultural context. Moreover, a comparative analysis of syntax, morphology, and pronunciation is also provided. The proposed complex analysis leads to the conclusion that the level of mutual intelligibility between the Old English speakers and Norsemen was high.
Źródło:
Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft; 2021, 10; 201-221
2299-4122
2657-4799
Pojawia się w:
Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ksiądz / księża / książę
Ksiądz / księża / książę [priest / priests / duke
Autorzy:
Czarnecki, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504740.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Slavonic languages
Germanic languages
borrowing
language reconstruction
clergy.
Opis:
The article tries, once again, to explore the etymology of Polish words ksiądz / książę / księża. Since new linguistic and historical facts as well as reconstructions may be presented in this field, the author draws the following conclusions: 1) the Polish term ksiądz comes from the Germanic *kuning, which main meaning could be interpreted as “Franks’ ruler”. The word was borrowed by Slavic languages twice: a) in the first half of the 7th century as a West-Slavic word *kъnędzь; b) in the first half of the 8th century as a South-Slavic word *kъnęgъ. In the second half of the 9th century, the two borrowings meet, which is connected with the Cyril and Methodius’s Christianization in Great Moravia. The word was present in all Slavic languages and its meaning could be interpreted as “the uncrowned ruler of the country” = ‘principes’/Polish ‘książę’. 2) Polish księża (< Slav. *kъnęžьja) is a continuation of a plural form of the Germanic *kuning-, *kuninga. 3) The word książę (< West-Slavonic *kъnęžę) appeared as a derivative of Slavonic *kъnędzь and at first meant ‘a young man who was a member of a ruling family’ and most commonly was ‘the son of a ruler’. 4) At the turn of the 9th and the 10th century Western-Slavonic people changed the meaning of both terms *kъnędzь and *knęžę the first word, both among Czechs and Poles, referred only to the word ‘principes’, whereas the second term began to be understood as “a common prince” or “the uncrowned ruler”. From the 13th century until the 16th century, Polish ksiądz became – under the infl uence of the Czech language – the term for a clergyman (firstly used as the reference only to the bishop, and later as the reference to an ordinary priest).
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2013, 2; 7-18
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The first record of Aspiduriella (Ophiuroidea) in the Upper Muschelkalk of Poland
Autorzy:
Salamon, M. A.
Boczarowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058878.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Germanic Basin
Holy Cross Mountains
Upper Muschelkalk
Aspiduriella
Opis:
The ophiuroid Aspiduriella sp. is recorded for the first time from the Upper Muschelkalk (Ceratites Beds), at Nietulisko, northern margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2003, 47, 3; 307-310
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Possible Solutions for Long-standing Problems Involving Old English Nominal Forms
Autorzy:
L, White, David
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888818.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
West Germanic
Old English
Celtic influence
equivalence interference
Opis:
Solutions are presented, most involving Celtic influences in West Germanic (WG) dur- ing the ancient period, for some long-standing problems involving nominal forms. The M N-SG forms of /n/-stems in WG may be seen as due to loss of /-n/ (in analogical /-ͻͻn/) having happened after shortening. Apparent replacement of the F G-SG by the D-SG in WG may be seen as due to the D-SG of the F personal pronoun being employed, in “external possession”, as a kind of indirect reflexive, after /siin-/ became limited (for reasons connected with Celtic influence) to M SG meaning. This case has analogues in Romance. Final /-s/ in the A-PL of M /a/-stems may be seen as due to Celtic influence causing /-nz/ to be replaced by /-ns/.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2020, 29/2; 27-53
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
David L. Gold’s English, Jewish and other etymologies
Autorzy:
Stachowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
etymology
word history
Jewish
Germanic
Romance
Slavic
methodology
Opis:
Thirty-one etymological studies published in a new volume by David L. Gold are discussed in this article. A general characteristics of David L. Gold’s etymological work and methodology is given at the end of the study.
Źródło:
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia; 2013, 18, 4; 167-195
1427-8219
Pojawia się w:
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Magnetic polarity of Upper Triassic sediments of the Germanic Basin in Poland
Autorzy:
Nawrocki, J.
Jewuła, K.
Stachowska, A.
Szulc, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191782.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
magnetostratigraphy
Grabowa Formation
Upper Triassic
Germanic Basin
Polska
Opis:
Palaeomagnetic results are presented for 205 samples of cores from the Książ Wielkopolski IG-2, Woźniki K1 and Patoka 1 wells, drilled in the Polish part of Germanic Basin. The magnetic polarity stratigraphy is based on the inclination of the characteristic remanent magnetization, isolated in 60% of the total samples and found to be in general agreement with the expected Late Triassic inclination at the sampling sites. A total of 22 magnetozones from the integration of the three records correspond to about 25% of the published polarity zones for the Upper Triassic sediments that were combined in the worldwide composite polarity-time scale. The magne- tic polarity pattern, defined for the Schilfsanstein, fits very well with the one defined in the Tethys area for the upper part of the Julian sub-stage. According to the magnetostratigraphic data, the uppermost part of the Upper Gypsum Beds (equivalent to the Ozimek Member of the redefined Grabowa Formation) and the lowermost part of the Patoka Member, containing the Krasiejów bone-breccia horizon, can be correlated with the latest Tuvalian (~228.5 Ma) or with the middle part of Lacian (~225 Ma). However, if the “Long-Tuvalian” option for the Late Triassic Time Scale is taken into consideration, the parts of these substages mentioned above should be correlated with ~221.5 Ma and ~218.5 Ma, respectively.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2015, 85, 4; 663-674
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Germanic Hero Wade and Wats Dyke, Wales
Autorzy:
Breeze, Andrew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22676738.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-23
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Chełmie
Tematy:
Wade
Germanic mythology
Chaucer
Maen Achwyfan
Wat's Dyke
Opis:
Wat's Dyke is an earthwork running along the border of England and Wales, like its western neighbour Offa's Dyke. But it is the shorter of the two, stretching a mere thirty-eight miles (62 kilometres) from the coast of the Dee Estuary to the environs of Old Oswestry, an Iron Age fortress in Shropshire, England. Although Wat's Dyke is now dated to the early ninth century (some decades later than Offa's Dyke), its name has remained obscure. A solution is yet possible. It can be related to the legendary Germanic hero Wade, who figures in Old and Middle English verse (including that of Chaucer), Old Norse, Middle High German, and even (as 'Wat') medieval Welsh. Wat's Dyke thus has unexpected links with poetry in Wales and beyond. There is another surprise: for Wade will be the mysterious warrior appearing on Maen Achwyfan, a tenth-century cross near Whitford, a Welsh village neighbouring the Dyke. The arguments for all this can be set out in four parts. We start with accounts of Wat's Dyke; move on to Chaucer and others on Wade; discuss the 'Wat' praised by Welsh bards; and end with Wade as the hero of both Maen Achwyfan and a lost monument to the west of it at Meliden (near Prestatyn) recorded by Edward Lhuyd (1660-1709), pioneer Oxford archaeologist. Plenty to say, then, on the past (Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian) of this region, where north-east Wales borders the English counties of Cheshire and Shropshire.
Źródło:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal; 2023, 1, 1; 117-128
2450-3576
2719-3217
Pojawia się w:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Vilamovicean Passive
Strona bierna w języku wilamowskim
Autorzy:
Andrason, Alexander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-01-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Germanic linguistics
endangered and minority languages
verbal system
passive
Opis:
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest szczegółowy opis konstrukcji składniowych  wprowadzających stronę bierną w języku wilamowskim. Analiza materiału zgromadzonego  podczas badań terenowych w Wilamowicach w roku 2009 i 2010 dowodzi,  iż wilamowski ma nie jedną, jak dotychczas twierdzono, lecz trzy peryfrastyczne  formacje pasywne. Konstrukcje te składają się z czasowników posiłkowych zajn,  wada lub błajn – mogących pojawić się w czasie teraźniejszym, przyszłym, przeszłym  złożonym (perfekcie), przeszłym prostym (preteritum) i zaprzeszłym – oraz  z nieodmiennego imiesłowu biernego. Użycie tych formacji, choć w wielu wypadkach  zbliżone, nie jest identyczne. Na przykład, strona bierna z zajn oraz błajn wyróżnia  się tym, iż ma znaczenie statyczne, podczas gdy konstrukcja z czasownikiem  wada niezmiennie wyraża znaczenie dynamiczne. Inna różnica dotyczy częstości  użycia. Formacje z zajn i wada są uznawane za poprawne przez wszystkich informatorów,  strona bierna z błajn jest konstrukcją używaną jedynie przez najstarszych  Wilamowian, w szczególności przez tych, którzy nie zostali poddani germanizacji  w czasie drugiej wojny światowej.    
Źródło:
Linguistica Copernicana; 2011, 5, 1; 221-244
2080-1068
2391-7768
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSERVATISM AND PURISM IN LANGUAGES OF NORTHERN EUROPE (NORDIC, BALTIC, FINNIC)
Autorzy:
Piechnik, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/634593.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
conservatism, purism, change, rate, evolution, Nordic, Germanic, Baltic, Finnic
Opis:
This paper shows common extralinguistic factors influencing conservatism and purism in languages of Northern Europe (Nordic, Baltic, Finnic). Users’ motivation, environment, culture, history and conscious policy are the keys to understand some tendencies in the slower rate of change of these languages.
Źródło:
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis; 2014, 131, 4
2083-4624
Pojawia się w:
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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