Temat: German Jews - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Wybory językowe a złożona tożsamość – na przykładzie Żydów z dziewiętnastowiecznego Wrocławia
Autorzy:: Rybińska, Agata
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630853.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:: BRESLAU
GERMAN JEWS
OSTJUDEN
LANGUAGES
YIDDISH
GERMAN
MAME-LOSHN
MUTTERSPRACHE
IDENTITY
MULTILINGUALISM
EDUCATION
GRAVESTONES
Opis:: The purpose of this article is to illustrate the process of language change in the 19th-century Breslau. The analysis of four areas: education, literature, liturgy and onomastic data from grave inscriptions point to choices between two languages and partial linguistic acculturation, as well as testify to the complex identity of Breslau Jews.
Źródło:: Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2014, 9; 161-173
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:: Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Das Tagebuch der Hertha Nathorff – die traurigen Aufzeichnungen aus den Jahren 1933–1945
The diary of Hertha Nathorff – the sad records from the years 1933–1945
Autorzy:: Majcher, Piotr
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/559749.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:: Hertha Nathorff
diary
keeping a diary
Nazi era
German Jews
exile
dehumanization
Opis:: Hertha Nathorff’s life story can be seen as a revealing example of the fate of the other Jewish families in Germany during the Nazi era. Through the diary of Hertha Nathorff it is possible to get to know her personal impression, which concerns this period of time. The diary also shows the circumstances under which those German Jews who managed to escape the Nazi regime had to live and the agony that accompanied their decision to leave Germany. Finally, it provides information about the problems encountered by the exiled German Jews. For Hertha Nathorff, her diary was a refuge that enabled her to process the most difficult moments in her life and not to give up hope for her existence. The aim of the article is to illustrate the special role of keeping diaries in the period of dehumanization. It should show the special importance of keeping a diary in the process of maintaining one’s own identity and strengthening one’s self.
Źródło:: Orbis Linguarum; 2019, 53; 167-175
1426-7241
Pojawia się w:: Orbis Linguarum
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Grand Illusion? The Phenomenon of Jewish Life in Poland after the Holocaust in Lower Silesia
Autorzy:: Ilwicka, Agnieszka
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668297.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:: Polish Jews
German Jews
communism
Holocaust
survivors of the Holocaust
Lower Silesia
Polska
Jacob Egit
Opis:: The Jewish Life in Poland inLower Silesia began with the end of World War II. Survivors from the local concentration camp in Gross Rosen created the first Jewish committee and, with German Jewish survivors, started a new chapter in the post war history of Lower Silesia. The fact that only 10% of the Jews from the whole population overcame the extermination should be borne in mind. There is a related branch of research that seeks to determine how long Jewish life continued in Europe, where and under what conditions. In the last few years, we have become aware of the extent to which Jews actually built new possibilities after World War II in Poland, 1945–1968. In fact, the prevailing popular image of post–war Jewry is a simplistic one that divides the Jewish population into basic groups: the assimilated Jews of Russia; the “Jewish Jews” of Poland and other western areas, annexed to the Soviet Union, who sought to preserve at least some aspects of Yiddishkayt (Jewishness); and the traditional Jews, who remained devout.In the period of 1945–1950, the Jews created the most important center of Jewish Life in Europe, in terms of culture, industry, education and intellectual life. A stabilization period of the Jewish settlement began with the autumn of 1946. The softening of emigration rules and the closure of the Polish borders in the winter of 1947 helped Jews fully concentrate on the Jewish life in Poland. At that time, political, social, economic and cultural activities continued to be carried out on a large scale. In 1946, 16,960 Jews were registered in Wrocław. With the change of the policy towards the Jewish community by the communist government of Poland, the Jewish settlement in Wrocław slowed down and eventually, at the beginning of the 70’s, Jewish life in the Lower Silesia disappeared from the cultural map of the local landscapes.Even though some of the Jewish settlers remained in the Lower Silesia to continue Jewish life in this territory, the community never became as strong and influential as it was at the beginning of the settlement.
The Jewish Life in Poland inLower Silesia began with the end of World War II. Survivors from the local concentration camp in Gross Rosen created the first Jewish committee and, with German Jewish survivors, started a new chapter in the post war history of Lower Silesia. The fact that only 10% of the Jews from the whole population overcame the extermination should be borne in mind. There is a related branch of research that seeks to determine how long Jewish life continued in Europe, where and under what conditions. In the last few years, we have become aware of the extent to which Jews actually built new possibilities after World War II in Poland, 1945–1968. In fact, the prevailing popular image of post–war Jewry is a simplistic one that divides the Jewish population into basic groups: the assimilated Jews of Russia; the “Jewish Jews” of Poland and other western areas, annexed to the Soviet Union, who sought to preserve at least some aspects of Yiddishkayt (Jewishness); and the traditional Jews, who remained devout.In the period of 1945–1950, the Jews created the most important center of Jewish Life in Europe, in terms of culture, industry, education and intellectual life. A stabilization period of the Jewish settlement began with the autumn of 1946. The softening of emigration rules and the closure of the Polish borders in the winter of 1947 helped Jews fully concentrate on the Jewish life in Poland. At that time, political, social, economic and cultural activities continued to be carried out on a large scale. In 1946, 16,960 Jews were registered in Wrocław. With the change of the policy towards the Jewish community by the communist government of Poland, the Jewish settlement in Wrocław slowed down and eventually, at the beginning of the 70’s, Jewish life in the Lower Silesia disappeared from the cultural map of the local landscapes.Even though some of the Jewish settlers remained in the Lower Silesia to continue Jewish life in this territory, the community never became as strong and influential as it was at the beginning of the settlement.
Źródło:: The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2014, 4, 2
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:: The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Introducing Teenagers to a Dialogue with Judaism as the Task of School Catechesis
Autorzy:: Kostorz, Jerzy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668299.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:: Catholicism
Judaism
catechesis
dialogue
teenagers
Polish Jews
German Jews
communism
Holocaust
survivors of the Holocaust
Lower Silesia
Polska
Jacob Egit
Opis:: This analysis proves that introducing teenagers to a dialogue with Judaism is one of catechesis’s tasks. This task has been outlined in the post-conciliar documents of the Catholic Church. It underlines the spiritual ties between Catholic people and the Jews and promotes forming an attitude of openness towards followers of the Mosaic religion. It also contributes to mitigating anti-Semitism among Catholic teenagers. At the same time, it raises interest in Jewish traditions and culture. In the religion syllabus in lower and post-secondary schools we can come across numerous references (mainly indirect) to Judaism. The focus on passing honest knowledge about Judaism can be also clearly visible. In this way, formation of the cognitive element of inter-religious dialogue takes place. On the other hand, less attention is devoted to other components of this attitude such as the emotional and behavioural elements. That is why there is a demand to complete the lacking elements by watching films and having discussions. The above mentioned multimedia materials called “The religion lesson” have been prepared to satisfy this need.Great importance is also attached to creating situations that allow Christian teenagers to participate in meetings with the Jews. It can be organized in the form of Days of Judaism and panel discussions with Jews and distinguished contemporary theologians and philosophers. Open meetings with representatives of Judaism are a great opportunity to perceive the Jews as “older brethren in the faith”. They let young people discover the cultural wealth and vision of Judaism and teach teenagers respect for the religious beliefs of the Jews. Thereby, they can contribute to the change of mentality of young participants of catechesis in their approach to Judaism. It is worth referring to the works of Jewish culture in these activities. It is the cultural heritage that comprises a great reference point to showing the strong Judaic roots of Christian culture. Thus, it is necessary, for the topics in Judaism proposed for religious syllabuses and catechetical material to be closely connected with organizing meetings of young Catholics with followers of the Mosaic religion. Only this kind of experience can contribute to an authentic inter-religious dialogue.
Źródło:: The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2014, 4, 2
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:: The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Problem tożsamości i poczucia lojalności Żydów pochodzących z zaboru pruskiego na przykładzie Alfreda Cohna (1901–1961)
The Problem of Identity and the Sense of Loyalty of Jews Coming from the Prussian Partition on the Example of Alfred Cohn (1901–1961)
Autorzy:: Alabrudzińska, Elżbieta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1156901.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019-09-30
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:: West Prussia
Greater Poland
German Jews
emancipation
acculturation
assimilation
national identity
loyalty to the state
Polish-Jewish relations
Opis:: So far a very simplified picture of the transformation of the identity of Jews of West Prussia and Poznan land have functioned in the literature on the subject. The impulse to conduct the research on this issue became the publishing of the memories of Alfred Cohn, a typical German Jew, whose life and dramatic decisions show the complexity of the problem of identity and the sense of loyalty of the Jewish population of the territory of the Prussian partition. Alfred Cohn was close to recognizing himself as a German of the Jewish denomination. In 1920, without a shade of doubt, he decided to maintain loyalty to the German state and leave his family town Bydgoszcz, while in 1945 he decided the opposite. In order to clarify these contradictions, an analysis of the emancipation, acculturation and assimilation processes of the Jewish community of the territories of the Prussian partition of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century was conducted. Subsequently, the results of this analysis were compared with studies on the identity of German Jews living in the Second and Third Reich. At least until the 1880s, the Jews of Greater Poland, and West Prussia considered themselves representatives of a separate nation, despite the already advanced process of assimilating German culture, customs and language, and showing loyalty to the German state. The assimilation reached its greatest intensity at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, leading to a strong integration of Jews with German society and the German state. This aggravated Polish-Jewish antagonism, especially in Greater Poland. After some of the lands of the former Prussian partition came under Polish rule, most Jews remained loyal to the German state, treating it as their homeland, and emigrated in the years 1918–1921 along with the majority of the German population. However, despite such decisions, despite the use of German as their mother tongue, and despite demonstrating German patriotism and the intense desire to blend in with German society, it is necessary to show great caution in the case of attempts to recognize the Jews of the Prussian partition only as a religious minority, although more than once they have defined themselves this way. In the Reich, Jews did not manage to merge with the German environment, either. They created their own Jewish-German cultural system. Their identity can be described as very specific, heterogeneous and shaped by contradictions and dilemmas. In the territories of the Prussian partition, the process of shaping the identity of German Jews was even more complicated as this community had to function also within the Polish society.
Źródło:: Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 3; 101-122
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:: Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Experiment in catastrophe. Podróż śladami deportowanych mieszkańców Stettina w lutym 1940 roku
Experiment in catastrophe. A Journey in the Footsteps of the Deported Residents of Stettin in February 1940
Autorzy:: Szostak, Natalia W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129115.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022-04-06
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:: Żydzi niemieccy
Stettin
Lubelszczyzna
deportacja
zagłada
sztuka współczesna
pamięć
podróż
German Jews
Lublin Province
deportation
extermination
contemporary art
memory
journey
Opis:: 13 lutego 2021 r. minęła 81. rocznica aresztowania i deportacji 1120 Żydów pomorskich z rejencji szczecińskiej na okupowane przez III Rzeszę obszary Generalnego Gubernatorstwa. Była to w państwie rządzonym przez nazistów pierwsza zorganizowana deportacja z obszaru tzw. Starej Rzeszy, w której Żydów, obywateli państwa niemieckiego, wywieziono poza jej obszar, na tereny podbite. Stanowiła swoiste ćwiczenie w celu osiągnięcia biegłości w przeprowadzaniu następnych deportacji w kolejnych latach niemal w całej Europie. Artykuł jest formą relacji z podróży odbytej śladami tych osób opartej na materiałach archiwalnych i rozpoznanych naukowo obszarach badawczych. Istniejąca wiedza w zestawieniu z poszukiwaniem poprzez bezpośredni kontakt i doświadczenie są fundamentem autorskiej pracy poznawczej. Obok produkcji artefaktów, tworzenia zapisu multimedialnego, jej istotą jest osobisty komentarz i próba praktyki pamięci.
February 13th, 2021 marked the 81st anniversary of the arrest and deportation of 1,120 Pomeranian Jews from the Region of Stettin to the areas of the General Government occupied by the Third Reich. It was the first Nazi organized deportation from the area of the so-called Old Reich, where Jews – the citizens of the German state – were deported outside its territory, to the conquered areas. It was a kind of “exercise” to achieve proficiency in carrying out subsequent deportations, which took place almost all over Europe in the following years. The article is an account of the journey taken in the footsteps of those people, based on archival materials and historically researched areas. The existing knowledge in combination with an investigation through direct contact and first-hand experience are the foundations of original cognitive work. Apart from the production of artifacts and the creation of a multimedia record, its essence is a personal comment and an attempt to practice memory.
Źródło:: Uniwersyteckie Czasopismo Socjologiczne; 2021, 28, 2; 17-23
2299-2367
Pojawia się w:: Uniwersyteckie Czasopismo Socjologiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Krótkie życie na „Wschodzie”. Żydzi z terenu Rzeszy deportowani do dystryktu lubelskiego
„Short Life on the East”. Jews from the Territory of Third Reich Deported to Lublin District
Autorzy:: Kuwałek, Robert
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116936.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014-12-31
Wydawca:: Akademia Zamojska
Tematy:: Third Reich
German Jews
Austrian Jews
deportation
Holocaust
Majdanek
Opole Lubelskie
Zamość
Izbica
Piaski
Nazism
Sobibór
ghetto
III Rzesza
Żydzi niemieccy
Żydzi austriaccy
deportacja
holokaust
nazizm
getto
Opis:: W latach 1940-1942 z terenów III Rzeszy (dzisiejsze Niemcy i Austria) naziści deportowali około 30 000 Żydów. Duża część z nich została umieszczona w tzw. gettach tranzytowych, głównie w Izbicy, Piaskach, Opolu Lubelskim i Zamościu, gdzie zmuszeni byli przebywać od kilku tygodni do kilku miesięcy. Od maja 1942 r. transporty z III Rzeszy kierowane były bezpośrednio do obozu zagłady w Sobiborze, a pewna grupa młodych i silnych mężczyzn została wytypowana do pracy w obozie koncentracyjnym na Majdanku lub w obozach pracy na terenie dystryktu lubelskiego. Wszyscy oni spotkali się z wielką brutalnością okupacji niemieckiej na wschodnich terenach Polski, prymitywnymi warunkami życia i głodem. Wszyscy przeżyli szok kulturowy w kontaktach z polskimi Żydami i środowiskiem nieżydowskim, co wywołało duże konflikty kulturowe i religijne. Sytuacja Żydów niemieckich i austriackich deportowanych do dystryktu lubelskiego była znacznie trudniejsza niż Żydów czeskich i słowackich, którzy mieli więcej kontaktów z miejscową ludnością żydowską i polską. Ten brak większych szans na przeżycie sprawił, że z grupy Żydów niemieckich w dystrykcie lubelskim ocalało zaledwie 20 osób. Niniejszy artykuł jest opisem ostatnich chwil ich tragicznego życia i opiera się głównie na relacjach polskich Żydów i Polaków, którzy byli świadkami losów Żydów niemieckich i austriackich. Niektóre informacje pochodzą także z powojennych niemieckich śledztw przeciwko sprawcom.
In the years 1940-1942 from the territory of Third Reich (today Germany and Austria) Nazis deported about almost 30 000 Jews. Big part of them were located in so called transit ghettos, mainly in Izbica, Piaski, Opole Lubelskie and Zamość where they were forced to stay since few weeks until few months. Since May 1942 the transports from Third Reich were sent directly to the death camp in Sobibór and some group of young and strong men were selected for work in Majdanek concentration camp or labour camps in Lublin district. All of them met themselves with big brutality of the German occupation in Eastern part of Poland, primitive life condition and hunger. All of them survived culture shock in the contacts with Polish Jews and non-Jewish milieu which created the big culture and religious conflicts. The situation of German and Austrian Jews deported to Lublin district was much more difficult than Czech or Slovak Jews who had more contacts with local Jewish and Polish population. This lack of big chance to survive was the reason that from the group of German Jews survived in Lublin district only 20 people. This article is a description of last moment of their tragical life and based mainly on the testimonies given by Polish Jews and Poles who were the witnesses of the fate of German and Austrian Jews. Some information is taken also from post-war German investigations against perpetrators.
Źródło:: Studia Żydowskie. Almanach; 2014, 4, 4; 31-51
2083-5574
Pojawia się w:: Studia Żydowskie. Almanach
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: (Nie) zapomniana stacja kolejowa – Gleis 17 jako przykład upamiętnienia ofiar deportacji z Berlina
(Not) forgotten railway station – Gleis 17 as an example of commemoration of deportations victims
Autorzy:: Ciechomska, Anita
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116950.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014-12-31
Wydawca:: Akademia Zamojska
Tematy:: deportation
Holocaust
German Jews
Third Reich
Nazis
Berlin
Gleis 17
German Railways
Berlin Grunewald
concentration camp
ghetto
memorial site
deportacja
holokaust
niemieccy Żydzi
Trzecia Rzesza
naziści
Koleje Niemieckie
obóz koncentracyjny
getto
miejsce pamięci
Opis:: Artykuł jest opisem miejsca pamięci „Gleis 17” w Berlinie. Miejsce to jest formą upamiętnienia żydowskich ofiar deportacji ze stolicy Niemiec. Pomnik Gleis 17 powstał z inicjatywy Kolei Niemieckich (Deutsche Bahn) w 1991 r. na historycznym miejscu – stacji Berlin Grunewald, skąd żydowscy mieszkańcy miasta byli deportowani do gett i obozów zagłady. Artykuł zawiera szczegółowe informacje o tym, jak powstała i została zrealizowana idea miejsca pamięci. Opisano wygląd i znaczenie poszczególnych części całego kompleksu memorialnego. Ponadto wspomniano rolę tego miejsca w filmie "Der letzte Zug" (Ostatni pociąg).
The article is a description of the memorial place „Gleis 17” in Berlin. This place is a form of commemoration of the Jewish victims of deportations from the capital of Germany. The monument Gleis 17 is an initiative of the German Railway (Deutsche Bahn) and was established in 1991 on the historical place – station Berlin Grunewald where the Jewish inhabitants of the city where deported from to the ghettos and death camps. The article contains the details how the idea of the memorial place has been created and fulfilled. The appearance and meaning of single parts of the whole memorial complex are described as well. Furthermore there is a role of this place in the movie “Der letzte Zug” (The last train) mentioned.
Źródło:: Studia Żydowskie. Almanach; 2014, 4, 4; 145-153
2083-5574
Pojawia się w:: Studia Żydowskie. Almanach
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Das Eposfragment Dukus Horant: ein mittelalterliches Zeugnis deutsch-jüdischer Interkulturalität?
Autorzy:: Piszczatowski, Paweł
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076677.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: Dukus Horant
medieval epic
inter-cultural transfer
Jews in medieval German literature
Opis:: The paper concerns a manuscript discovered in 1896 in the genizah of the Old Synagogue in Cairo. It contains Middle High German and early Yiddish literary texts written in Hebrew alphabet. Among them one may find fragments of the epic Dukus Horant, which, ever since its publication in 1957, has attracted a great deal of academic interest and generated much controversy as regards its place in the medieval tradition of the heroic epic, as well as its linguistic and cultural identity. The present paper discusses the main tendencies in the text’s reception and it also seeks to address the issue of the extent to which Dukus Horant may be treated as an example of inter-cultural transfer between the Jews and the Germans during the Middle Ages.
Źródło:: Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2016, 3; 293-303
0023-5911
Pojawia się w:: Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Memoriał Ogólnego Żydowskiego Związku Robotniczego w Polsce do rządu premiera generała Władysława Sikorskiego we Francji
Autorzy:: Miszewski, Dariusz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450350.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:: mniejszość żydowska w Polsce polscy Żydzi
Bund
niemiecka eksterminacja Żydów
Jewish minority in Poland
Polish Jews
the Bund
the German extermi-nation of the Jews
Opis:: =e General Jewish Workers Bund of Poland sent memorandum on the position of Jews in occupied Poland in April 1940 to =e Polish Government in France. In sent document Bund mentioned discrimination of Jews in the Second Polish Republic and fact there was plan of support of Jewish emigration to Palestine. It declared active struggle for an independent Poland with the German and Soviet occupiers. It reminded that the Soviet authorities arrested and carried away to the USSR many of the leading activists of the Bund. Advocated concept of socialist and democratic Poland, equality of all citizens and national and cultural rights for ethnic minorities. Bund considered as a utopia Polish and Jewish concepts of building a Jewish state. It demanded Polish government the fight against anti-Semitism in emigration institutions and occupied country, where many Poles took part in German politics of terror against the Jews.
Źródło:: Przegląd Narodowościowy – Review of Nationalities; 2015, 4; 233 - 244
2084-848X
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Narodowościowy – Review of Nationalities
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Die jiddische Schule der Erwachsenen: Warsaw Yiddish Press and German-Jewish Contacts in 1915–18
Autorzy:: Nalewajko-Kulikov, Joanna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601449.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:: Yiddish press
German-Jewish press
Polish Jewry
German Jewry
Jews in Warsaw
Opis:: The article discusses the complex situation of Warsaw Yiddish press during the German occupation of Warsaw (1915–18), entangled in contacts with both the official German authorities as well as representatives of German Jewish milieus (namely, Zionist and Orthodox ones). It is based on press reports from Yiddish and German-Jewish newspapers, archival sources and some personal memoirs. The newspapers taken into account are Haynt, Der Moment, as well as the Germanoriented Varshaver Tageblat and Dos Yudishe Vort.
Źródło:: Acta Poloniae Historica; 2016, 113
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:: Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Around the motto of Zofia Nałkowska’s Medaliony: “People doomed people to this fate”
Autorzy:: Borkowska, Grażyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/704171.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: World War 2
[German Nazi] occupation
Holocaust
Jews
Poles
anti-Semitism
Opis:: The motto of Zofia Nałkowska’s short-story collection Medaliony [Medalions] – “People doomed people to this fate” [Polish, “Ludzie ludziom zgotowali ten los”] – as obvious as it may apparently seem, has aroused various controversies. Henryk Grynberg believed that the only right formula, the one that would do justice to those persecuted, would have been “People doomed Jews to this fate”. Recently, the discussion was resumed in a book on the portrayal of the Holocaust in Medaliony – Zagłada w „Medalionach” Zofii Nałkowskiej, edited by Tomasz Żukowski: one of its essays (by Żukowski and Aránzazu Calderón Puerta) notices that endeavours to universalise the Holocaust is at least premature for the Poles tending to avoid facing the truth about their own contribution to annihilation of the Jews. While the threads addressed in these debates are important, they disregard the beliefs and the system of values Nałkowska adhered to. The Polish novelist adopted the view that man and the pleasure he takes in inflicting pain is the actual cause of evil. This inclination revealed itself not only during the war. This more general observation was rooted in her knowledge of life, relations between people, and daily cruelty. Supported by an ideology and furnished with technical resources, the war added a historical dimension to this bent. Moreover, Nałkowska was definitely not one among those who stayed silent in respect of the Jewish victims. Conversely, a few of the stories in Medaliony speak exactly about this problem, never trying to conceal anti-Semitic attitudes among Poles.
Źródło:: Nauka; 2019, 2
1231-8515
Pojawia się w:: Nauka
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Polityka eksterminacji obywateli Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej przez Trzecią Rzeszę i Związek Sowiecki w latach 1939–1945 Część I: Polityka Trzeciej Rzeszy
Autorzy:: Matelski, Dariusz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568820.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:: Poles
Gypsies
Jews
German occupation
extermination
genocide
поляки
цыгане
евреи
немецкая оккупация
истребление
геноцид
Opis:: The Third Reich’s attack on Poland on September 1, and the Soviet Union’s on September 17, 1939 – without declaring of war – was another attempt to erase the Polish state from the map of Europe. Both the invaders justified their actions, with persecution of national minorities by Polish authorities. Under the German-Soviet agreement of September 28, 1939, the Polish lands were divided between the two states as a part of a secret protocol to the non-aggression treaty between Berlin and Moscow (23 August 1939), known as the Ribbentrop–Molotov Pact. Both totalitarian ideological systems: Stalinism and Nazism began to execute extermination policy against the citizens of the Republic of Poland. This policy was aimed at destroying the leadership layers of the nation, separation from national culture and tradition (in the case of Poles, also from the Roman Catholic religion) and transforming into Knechte, a cheap working-class – in the case of Germans, and a free labour force – in the case of Soviet Union. One of the basic instruments in the implementation of anti-Polish policy was an unprecedented on such a scale forced displacement of the population. As far as Germany is concerned, so far no such manifestations of anti-Polish policy has ever taken place. During the reign of the Hohenzollern (until November 28, 1918), ethnic assimilation was accomplished by the Germanisation of the population, while in Nazi rule (starting January 30, 1933) it was decided to demote the land and to displace or to murder the population. In total, during the occupied of Poland, about 1.71 million Polish citizens have been displaced by the German authorities, more than 3 million Jews were killing, as well as 0.5 a million ethnic Poles and more than 20,000 Gypsies.
Нападение Третьего Рейха 1 сентября и Советского Союза 17 сентября 1939 г. – без объявления войны – на Польшу был очередной попыткой смести польское государство с карты Европы. Оба захватчика обосновывали свое поведение в том числе притеснением польскими властями национальных меньшинств. В силу немецко-советского соглашения от 28 сентября 1939 г. польские земли поделили между собой оба государства агрессора, как воплощение в жизнь тайного протокола к договору о ненападении, подписанного Берлином и Москвой 23 августа 1939 г., известного как пакт Риббен-тропа – Молотова. Обе тоталитарные идеологические системы – сталинизм и гитлеризм приступили к реализации политики истребления населения Речи Посполитой. Эта политика была направлена на уничтожение ее правящих слоев, отмежевание от национальной культуры и традиции (в случае поляков также от римо-католической религии), превращение в батраков (Knechte) и дешевую рабочую силу – в случае Рейха и на русификацию и превращение в бесплатную рабочую силу – в случае Советского Союза. Одним из основных инструментов осуществления антипольской этнической политики были не встречавшиеся до сих пор в таком масштабе принудительные переселения и выселения населения. Если речь идет о Германии, то до того времени не наблюдались такого рода проявления антипольской политики. В период господства Гогенцоллернов (до 28 ноября 1918 г.) этническая ассимиляция проводилась прежде всего путем онемечения, а от 1871 г. – германизации населения. В период правления нацистов (от 30 января 1933 г.) было принято решение германизировать землю, а население выселить или истребить. Всего в оккупированной Польше немецкая власть выселила около 1,71 млн польских граждан и уничтожила свыше трех миллионов евреев, пол миллиона этнических поляков и свыше 20 тыс. цыган.
Źródło:: Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2017, 3(14); 145-165
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:: Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: POSTAWY POLAKÓW WOBEC ŻYDÓW W GENERALNYM GUBERNATORSTWIE NA WYBRANYCH PRZYKŁADACH
ATTITUDES OF POLES TOWARDS JEWS IN THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT. SELECTED EXAMPLES
Autorzy:: Rączy, Elżbieta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513389.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:: Attitudes of Poles towards Jews,
the German occupation of Poland,
aid,
denunciations,
witnesses’ reports
Opis:: The article describes the attitudes of Poles towards Jews during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany. The examples provided in the article show how much these attitudes varied. On the one hand there was Poles’ spontaneous and heroic fight for the lives of those who escaped from ghettos, which sometimes resulted in the death of those hiding and those who aided them, on the other hand there was the plunder of Jewish property and denunciations, roundups and murders of Jews. The article also shows how far the war reality determined the attitudes of individual Poles towards Jews. Sometimes they had to choose between their own safety or even lives and the lives of others. It happened that they rescued some Jews and some they denounced to the Germans. The article proves that the attitudes of Poles towards the Jewish population, which are often described as black-and-white, were altogether not so unequivocal.
Źródło:: Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2019, 17, 1; 103-114 (12)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:: Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Moses Mendelssohn a judaizm i kultura żydowska
Moses Mendelssohn to Judaism and Jewish Culture
Autorzy:: Pilarczyk, Krzysztof
Dublański, Robert
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558513.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Gdańskie Seminarium Duchowne
Tematy:: Moses Mendelssohn
oświecenie
judaizm
Żydzi
Biblia
filozofia niemiecka
Enlightenment
Judaism
Jews
the Bible
German philosophy
Opis:: Druga połowa XVIII wieku przyniosła istotną zmianę w dziejach Żydów i ich religii – judaizmu. Nowe elity żydowskie, pod wpływem europejskich prądów oświeceniowych, zaczęły kwestionować paradygmaty żydowskiego życia religijnego i społecznego, eksponując takie wartości jak: tolerancja, równouprawnienie i wolność religijna. Dążono do obywatelskiego zrównania praw Żydów oraz odrzucenia tradycji ukształtowanej przez judaizm rabiniczny. Do głosu doszły także nurty racjonalistyczne. Tendencje te dały początek nowej kulturze żydowskiej zwanej haskalą, która w początkowej fazie znalazła swe centrum w Berlinie, a za jej prekursora i lidera uznano Mosesa Mendelssohna, wybitnego ilozofa żydowskiego doby oświecenia okresu „pre-Kantowskiego”, zwanego „żydowskim Sokratesem”. Na jego stosunek do judaizmu i kultury żydowskiej miała wpływ (1) zdobyta w młodości formacja religijna i intelektualna, (2) presja otoczenia domagającego się zmiany modelu kształcenia językowego Żydów i wewnętrzna tego potrzeba, (3) chęć dążenia do zachowania żydowskiej tożsamości religijnej przez reinterpretację tradycji za pomocą narzędzi ilozoii oświeceniowej. Autorzy artykułu opisują te trzy czynniki, charakteryzując w ten sposób początkową fazę haskali żydowskiej.
The second half of the eighteenth century brought a significant change in the history of the Jews and their religion – Judaism. The new Jewish elite, influenced by European currents of the Enlightenment, began to question the paradigms of Jewish religious and social life, exposing values such as tolerance, equality and religious freedom. They sought to equate civil rights of Jews and rejection of tradition shaped by rabbinic Judaism. They came to the fore as the rationalist currents. These trends have given rise to a new culture called the Jewish Haskalah, which in the initial phase found its center in Berlin, and for its forerunner and leader was Moses Mendelssohn, the famous Jewish philosopher of the Enlightenment period “pre-Kantian” called “Jewish Socrates.” On his relationship to Judaism and Jewish culture have an impact: (1) acquired in his youth, religious formation and intellectual, (2) peer pressure, demanding a paradigm shift in education language of the Jews and the inner of this need, (3) the desire to strive to maintain a Jewish religious identity through reinterpretation tradition of using tools Enlightenment philosophy. The authors of article describe these three factors, characterizing thus the initial phase of the Jewish Haskalah.
Źródło:: Studia Gdańskie; 2016, 38; 75-87
0137-4338
Pojawia się w:: Studia Gdańskie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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