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Wyszukujesz frazę "Geografia polityczna" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Dlaczego razem? Uwagi o relacjach między geograficzno-historyczną i geograficzno-polityczną perspektywą metodologiczną i poznawczą
Why together? Notes about the relationship between the geo-historical and geo-political methodological and cognitive perspectives
Autorzy:
Rykała, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18797223.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
political geography
historical geography
geografia polityczna
geografia historyczna
Opis:
W artykule dokonano uzasadnienia tytułowego powiązania geografii politycznej i historycznej. W tym celu przeprowadzono analizę relacji między obiema dyscyplinami, podejmującą kwestie ich genezy, kierunków rozwojowych, treści, zakresu i miejsca w systemie nauk, a także ustanowienia ram organizacyjnych dla rozwoju tych dyscyplin w łódzkim ośrodku geograficznym.
As some has attempted to prove, both “titular” disciplines have different origins. They differ in their development trends and, thus, in the contents, scope and place in the system of sciences. However, different paths of development do not preclude them from tackling the same issues, especially considering that historical geography and political geography both refer, the former in a literal sense, to the unique bond between history and geography. Specific topics, that may seem familiar to both disciplines today, were discussed as far back as the 18th century, when political geography was still defining its identity and attempting to become a valid subject of geography. However, in the case of this discipline, its interests shared with its historical counterpart (concerning such issues as heraldry and toponymy) were mostly incidental and marginal. On the other hand, the issue of territorial divisions (nations, regions, borders), described by historians (or historical geographers) as “historical and political landscapes”, was discussed by both geographies since the very beginning. The main difference between the two – geo-political and geo-historical – approaches was the temporal perspective they assumed. While the present was most important for political geography, historical geography was more concerned with “former territorial divisions” (thus the term “historical and political landscapes” is apt). Each of the disciplines also treated the research subject differently. Political geography considered “the area described by borders and characterised by some organisation, i.e. above all a state” or region as central, while historical geography acknowledged its importance as one of many elements, apart from the transformed (cultural) environment, settlement, elementary disasters, formed communication network, the history of geographical horizons, toponymy and historical cartography, while referring it, as mentioned earlier, the reconstructed image of the past. With the development of the methodological foundations of both sciences, the belief that “what is today includes what was yesterday, so in order to understand the presence, we have to study the past” grew. This reflection was aided by the deepening relations between historical geography and anthropogeography, which influenced not only the expansion of tasks of the former, but also lead to the inclusion of the “historical element” in the scope of geo-political discussion. Reaching into the past to reveal spatial differences and similarities of a political nature, more and more boldly practised by political geography, was also caused by the references to human history (human “fate”) construed in the spirit of mechanistic determinism, as well as the changes in the political map of the world at the break of 19th and 20th centuries. As their eyewitness, political geography could not close itself in a narrow, quickly dating formula of the present. The explanation of interrelations between political entities and their physical-geographical surrounding attempted at the time required constant references to the historical context. The contemporary political map was quickly becoming, if we can paraphrase Barbag, a strictly historical map. The practice of reaching into the past to interpret contemporary phenomena and political systems caused the historical context to become an immanent element of political geography. The discipline was becoming more and more bold in interpreting the political map and the territorial characteristics of political formation and development of states and regions, not only in the presence, but also in the future. This research field saw the formation – in reference to the bond between history and geography – of a unique relationship between historical geography and political geography. Significantly, by exposing the past, political geography sometimes lost view of the presence, i.e. the element that defined its existence and distinguished it from historical geography. Thus, we can say that M. Kulesza (2009) was right when he observed, as mentioned above, that the development of political geography after World War II and, especially in the 1990s, resulted in the “internal” expansion and the emergence of new research fields, which was caused by, among other things, taking some of them from historical geography.
Źródło:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej; 2012, 1; 13-37
2300-0562
2450-0127
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efekt głosowania przyjacielsko-sąsiedzkiego w wyjaśnianiu zachowań wyborczych
The friends and neighbours voting effect and its role in explaining electoral behaviour
Autorzy:
Czapiewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1595451.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
voting
candidates
elections
personal vote
political geography
głosowanie
kandydaci
wybory
głosowanie personalne
geografia polityczna
Opis:
Głosowanie przyjacielsko-sąsiedzkie (PS) można zdefiniować jako preferowanie przez wyborców kandydatów zamieszkałych lub działających w ich okolicy. Zjawisko zostało szeroko opisane w literaturze zagranicznej, ale w Polsce nie spotkało się z większym zainteresowaniem. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie najważniejszych ustaleń badawczych odnoszących się do tego zjawiska na podstawie szerokiej analizy piśmiennictwa naukowego. Autor stwierdza, że efekt głosowania przyjacielsko-sąsiedzkiego nie jest ograniczony do jednej części świata ani konkretnego systemu wyborczego. To niezbędny element każdego modelu próbującego wyjaśnić zachowania wyborców. Z drugiej strony, choć samo występowanie zjawiska nie budzi wątpliwości, można sformułować wniosek, że efekt głosowania przyjacielsko-sąsiedzkiego ma silnie kontekstowy charakter. Takie czynniki, jak system wyborczy, atrybuty kandydatów, intensywność sporu politycznego czy organizacja partii politycznych, będą miały wpływ na to, w jakiej skali efekt wystąpi.
The friends and neighbours voting effect can be defined as a phenomenon in which voters prefer candidates residing or working in a geographically close neighborhood. It has been widely described in foreign literature, but not in Poland. The aim of this article is to indicate the most important research findings referring to the phenomenon, based on a broad analysis of scientific literature. The author states that the friends and neighbours voting effect is not limited to any part of the world or a specific electoral system. The effect is one of the indispensable elements of any model of voting behavior. On the other hand, although the occurrence of the phenomenon is stable, it can be concluded that the friends and neighbours voting effect has a strongly contextual character. The factors such as the electoral system, the attributes of the candidates, the intensity of the political dispute or the internal organization of political parties will affect the extent to which this effect will occur.
Źródło:
Acta Politica Polonica; 2018, 46, 4; 33-46
2451-0432
2719-4388
Pojawia się w:
Acta Politica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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