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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 158
Tytuł:
Jak ludobójstwo zostało uznane za zbrodnię − dziedzictwo Rafała Lemkina
How genocide became a crime: legacy of Raphael Lemkin
Autorzy:
MCFARLAND, SAM
HAMER, KATARZYNA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/546658.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
genocide
Genocide Convention
Lemkin
Holocaust
Opis:
Raphael Lemkin is hardly known to a Polish audiences. One of the most honored Poles of the XX century, forever revered in the history of human rights, nominated six times for the Nobel Peace Prize, Lemkin sacrificed his entire life to make a real change in the world: the creation of the term “genocide” and making it a crime under international law. How long was his struggle to establish what we now take as obvious, what we now take for granted? This paper offers his short biography, showing his long road from realizing that the killing one person was considered a murder but that under international law in 1930s the killing a million was not. Through coining the term “genocide” in 1944, he helped make genocide a criminal charge at the Nuremburg war crimes trials of Nazi leaders in late 1945, although there the crime of genocide did not cover killing whole tribes when committed on inhabitants of the same country nor when not during war. He next lobbied the new United Nations to adopt a resolution that genocide is a crime under international law, which it adopted on 11 December, 1946. Although not a U.N. delegate – he was “Totally Unofficial,” the title of his autobiography – Lemkin then led the U.N. in creating the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted 9 December, 1948. Until his death in 1958, Lemkin lobbied tirelessly to get other U.N. states to ratify the Convention. His legacy is that, as of 2015, 147 U.N. states have done so, 46 still on hold. His tomb inscription reads simply, “Dr. Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), Father of the Genocide Convention”. Without him the world as we know it, would not be possible.
Źródło:
Civitas et Lex; 2016, 2(10); 69-85
2392-0300
Pojawia się w:
Civitas et Lex
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Holocausts
Autorzy:
Morawiec, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
genocide
Holocaust
Armenian Genocide
historiography
collective memory
literature
Opis:
The article examines genocide as a category that has been used and abused in various, especially historical, political, and ideological, discourses. It considers whether the extermination of Jews (the Holocaust) should be studied in the context of other mass crimes. I investigate various sources of twentieth-century organized violence and their literary representations. I also discuss the works of Polish literature (by Nałkowska, Gębarski, Woroszylski, and Margolis), which depict twentieth- -century acts of genocide (the extermination of Jews and Armenians, in particular) in the context of other mass crimes.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2017, 12; 225-239
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Security Council and the Obligation to Prevent Genocide and War Crimes
Autorzy:
Zimmermann, Andreas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Security Council
Geneva Convention
Genocide Convention
genocide
war crime
Opis:
This article addresses the question of the obligations of both the Security Council as such, as well of its individual members (including the five permanent members), when faced with genocide or in situations where violations of the Geneva Conventions are being committed, given that the contracting parties of the Genocide Convention are under a positive obligation to prevent genocide and are under an obligation to secure respect for the provisions of the Geneva Conventions.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 307-314
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat zmiany ustawy – Kodeks karny
Legal opinion on an amendment to the Act – Penal Code
Autorzy:
Sakowicz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16729306.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Penal Code
genocide
Opis:
The author argues that the proposed provisions of Article 126c of the Penal Code – inasmuch as it penalizes the person who publicly and contrary to facts denies the crimes of genocide – should be assessed negatively. The expert points out that the content of the above-mentioned provisions is partly covered by personal and material scope of regulation of the current provisions of Article 55 of the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance as it concerns the denial of the crime against peace, humanity. He also claims that the proposed provisions concerning the offence of negationism, by making reference to “act of genocide” (whose elements are specified in Article 118 of the Penal Code), provides for too broad scope of penalization.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2012, 4(36); 181-190
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rzeczy jako żródło pamięci ostatecznego. Na przykładzie Kampucza, godzina zero Zbigniewa Domarańczyka
Things as a source of memory about that which is final. On Zbigniew Domarańczyk’s Kampucz godzina zero
Autorzy:
Darska, Bernadetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/511511.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Cambodia
genocide
memory
thing
Opis:
The article aims at describing the genocide that happened in Cambodia. It takes into consideration its specific character and focuses on what occurred there. During the Khmer Rouge’s dictatorship not only were hundreds of thousands of people murdered (about 2.5 million victims according to different sources), but also negative symbols became connected with objects of everyday use. Such objects have become a source of memories about events which were final, inevitable and traumatic.
Źródło:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne; 2016, 2(18); 199-212
1898-1593
2353-9844
Pojawia się w:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lessons Learned from the Holocaust and the Contemporary Genocide
Autorzy:
Dokmanović, Mišo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40247991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
genocide
Holocaust
Ukraine
war
Opis:
The paper is focused on the analysis of the lessons learned from the genocides in the 20th century for the existing situation in Ukraine. Apart from the short overview of the history behind the term genocide and the adoption of the convention for its prevention and punishment in the post-World War II period, the paper explores the main specifics of the selected genocides (Armenian genocide, the Holocaust, Cambodia, Rwanda, and Yugoslavia). On the basis of the identified specifics, several conclusions and lessons have been drawn, including the expectation that mass atrocities will happen again and that international justice is often slow and deals with a limited number of perpetrators.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, Special Issue; 11-29
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“The Polish Operation”. The genocide of the Polish people in the USSR in the years 1937–1938
Autorzy:
Hałaburda, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/686341.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
USSR
Polish people
genocide
Opis:
The article is based on a rich and valuable literature presenting the tragic events occurred in the western part of USSR in the years 1937–1838, when more than hundred thousand people accused of spying for Poland were arrested and many of them were killed. The campaign against the Polish people was initiated by the official order number 00485 issued on 11 August 1937 and signed by the Soviet People’s Commissar for State Security Nikolai Yezhov.
Źródło:
Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia; 2013, 5
2450-2936
2081-1330
Pojawia się w:
Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Paciorkowa robota”. Dorota Głowacka: Po tamtej stronie. Świadectwo – afekt – wyobraźnia; Anita Jarzyna: Imaginauci. Pismo wyobraźni w poezji Bolesława Leśmiana, Józefa Czechowicza, Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego, Tadeusza Nowaka.
„Meticulous Work.” Dorota Głowacka: Po tamtej stronie. Świadectwo – afekt – wyobraźnia; Anita Jarzyna: Imaginauci. Pismo wyobraźni w poezji Bolesława Leśmiana, Józefa Czechowicza, Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego, Tadeusza Nowaka
Autorzy:
Juchniewicz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699610.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Holocaust studies
genocide studies
Opis:
The reviewer of Dorota Głowacka’s and Anita Jarzyna’s books emphasises the intuition of both scholars in terms of recognising a distinct category within the Holocaust studies, which allows for not only sympathising with the Shoah victims because of “relational imagination” but also counting it among other genocides (such as that of Canada’s indigenous people). In both projects, imagination does not equal making things up or confabulating; the phenomenon ofimagination, as the reviewer proves, lies in inventing a new language of sensitivity, which would go beyond the frames of acknowledging one event (in this case, the Shoah). Głowacka postulates a necessary (from the perspective of the dynamically expanding field of genocide studies) reversal of the established direction of flow of knowledge and memory from the centre to the peripheries, originating in colonial policies, and its replacement with a different system (which can be called a wandering one, borrowing Achille Mbembe’s expression); such a new arrangement would undermine the previous tendency and render “multidirectional memory” (a notion by Michael Rothberg) valuable. While both authors of the reviewed books work in different academic fields, their research is unified by the category of imagination, which both transcends historical and literary currents, and makes it possible for seemingly disproportionate  phenomena (such as torture and exclusion of women as agents) to interfuse; for such phenomena, the Shoah would be an event foundational à rebours (and thus providing an opportunity to rebel, to object, and to construct a new subject).
Autor recenzji książek Doroty Głowackiej i Anity Jarzyny podkreśla intuicję badaczek w kwestii wyszczególnienia w ramach Holocaust studies odrębnej kategorii, która pozwala nie tylko solidaryzować się z ofiarami Zagłady, dzięki „wyobraźni relacyjnej”, lecz również zaliczyć ją do innych aktów ludobójczych (m.in. rdzennej ludności Kanady). Wyobraźnia w projektach obu badaczek nie jest równoznaczna ze zmyśleniem, konfabulacją; jej fenomen, jak dowodzi autor recenzji, polega na wynalezieniu nowego języka wrażliwości, który przekraczałby ramy uznawalności jednego wydarzenia (w tym przypadku Zagłady). Głowacka postuluje (konieczne z perspektywy dynamicznie rozwijającego się nurtu Genocide studies) odwrócenie utrwalonego przez politykę kolonialną kierunku przepływu wiedzy oraz pamięci z centrum ku peryferiom i zastąpienie go innym układem (za Achillem Mbembe można nazwać go wędrującym), który podważyłby dotychczasową tendencję i dowartościował „pamięć wielokierunkową” (termin Micheala Rothberga). Mimo że autorki recenzowanych rozpraw sytuują się w różnych obszarach badawczych, ich badania spaja kategoria wyobraźni, przekraczająca prądy historycznoliterackie i pozwalająca na przenikanie się pozornie niewspółmiernych zjawisk (np. tortur i wykluczania kobiet jako podmiotów sprawczych), dla których Zagłada byłaby wydarzeniem fundacyjnym à rebours (a więc dającym możliwość podjęcia buntu i wyrażenia sprzeciwu oraz ukonstytuowania nowego podmiotu).
Źródło:
Narracje o Zagładzie; 2018, 4; 417-431
2450-4424
Pojawia się w:
Narracje o Zagładzie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zapomniane, przemilczane, przeoczone. Inne zagłady i ich literackie reprezentacje w ujęciu Arkadiusza Morawca
Forgotten, Concealed, Overlooked. The Other Genocides and Their Literary Representations in Arkadiusz Morawiec’s Perspective
Autorzy:
Czerska, Tatiana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
ludobójstwo
Arkadiusz Morawiec
genocide
Opis:
The article presents findings contained in the work by Arkadiusz Morawiec entitled Literatura polska wobec ludobójstwa. Rekonesans [Polish literature faced with genocide. Reconnaissance]. The scholar from Łódź calls into question the hitherto established hierarchy of genocides. Extensive comparative research into literary representations of particular wartime massacres is what constitutes the thematic pivot of the said treatise, which joins in the discussion scope outlined by genocide studies. Subsequent chapters of the presented book are devoted to literary reverberations of the Armenian Genocide perpetrated by Turks, the Nazi-Germany extermination of persons with physical and mental retardation as well as Sinti and Roma, the Srebrenica massacres carried out by Serbs. The remaining chapters deal with the Holocaust literature and, according to the author’s intentions, an attempt to enrich the state of research, and sometimes – to amend some of their findings.
Źródło:
Narracje o Zagładzie; 2020, 6; 409-425
2450-4424
Pojawia się w:
Narracje o Zagładzie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
When Is Genocide a Crime of Genocide? The Holodomor and the Katyn Massacre as a Crime of Genocide
Autorzy:
Masło, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40248949.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Katyn Massacre
genocide
Holodomor
Opis:
The Holodomor and Katyn Massacre are founding crimes of the USSR and the Eastern Bloc’s state. Their common feature was an attempt to annihilate nations and prevent them from achieving independence. Quite often, both crimes are called genocide, but their legal qualification from the perspective of the then international law is extremely difficult. However, there are solid grounds for qualifying both of these crimes, and particularly the Katyn Massacre, as genocide. As a result of the development of the law of armed conflicts in international law in the 1930s and 1940s, there was a ban on committing acts that the 1948 Convention defined as genocide.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, Special Issue; 31-54
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czesław Miłosz and Jerzy Andrzejewski: The Holocaust as Catholic Moral Crisis
Autorzy:
Brenner, Rachel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636166.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Holocaust
Catholicism
genocide
humanism
ethics
Opis:
This article examines the wartime texts produced by two deeply believing Catholics – Jerzy Andrzejewski and Czesław Miłosz. In 1942, at the time of the deportations to Treblinka, these young but already prominent Warsaw men of letters and believing Catholics engaged in a correspondence which examined the ethical crisis of the Jewish genocide and its impact on Christian humanism. Miłosz and Andrzejewski followed their epistolary exchange with literary responses to the 1943 Ghetto Uprising. Whereas the letters conceptualized possibilities of moral restoration, the literary works – Miłosz’s two poems, Campo di Fiori and Biedny Chrześjanin patrzy na getto (A Poor Christian Looks at the Ghetto) and Andrzejewski’s novella Wielki Tydzień (Holy Week) – focused on the devastating impact of the Jewish genocide on their Polish Catholic world. These literary works see the event of the Holocaust as an irrevocable failure of the Catholic dogmas of caritas and love for the Other.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2019, 16; 295-318
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Genocide of Chechens in the Context of Russian-Chechen Conflict – a Historical Outline
Autorzy:
Nadskakuła, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668507.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Chechnya
Russia
genocide
Caucasus
terrorism
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to present the genesis of the Chechen-Russian conflict, including the genocide of Chechens. The analysis explains how the aggressive actions of the Russian authorities were supposed to deal with “the strongest and most dangerous nation” of the Caucasus, in order to subjugate this region. Russian behaviour proves that their priority over the centuries was not an assimilation of Chechens and the peaceful solution of the conflict, but rather an “imperial” dimension of the strife, or to be exact, the ultimate conquest of the Caucasus, even if it would mean the extermination of the Chechen nation.
Źródło:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2013, 3, 2
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Katyn – Golgotha of the East
Autorzy:
Jaroszek, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22676675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Łodzi
Tematy:
Katyn massacre
stalinism
genocide
NKVD
Opis:
Poland has experienced two cruel systems. One of them was fascism, symbolized by the German Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau. The second one was Stalinism, Katyn will remain its symbol forever. For over 50 years, no other issue in Polish-Soviet relations was as concealed as the Katyn massacre. In this essay, I will talk about the genocide in 1940 on 22,000 Poles (soldiers and civilians), investigations in this matter, and the fight for the truth. Everyone knew that any public statement about this crime could have significant consequences, such as dismissal from work or school expulsion. The Katyn genocide was a war crime that was first concealed and then distorted for the longest time. It can be said that it was a crime against the Polish nation.For many years, the press, radio, and television did not talk about it. On April 13, 2020, Polish people celebrated the Katyn Massacre Remembrance Day. In the spring of the year 1940, during two months in and around Katyn (currently in Russia), executioners from the NKVD, ordered by the Soviet authorities, murdered 21,857 prisoners of war with a shot in the back of the head. NKVD-People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. This enormously evil deed of the Bolsheviks is called the Golgotha of the East. Golgotha is a place near Jerusalem where convicts were executed. Christians believe that Jesus Christ was crucified in this place. Similarly, innocent Polish officers were killed at this place of execution. The name of the crime comes from the village of Katyń near Smolensk, where victims were murdered and buried.
Źródło:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne; 2022, 31, 1; 141-151
1231-1634
Pojawia się w:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crise du dicible. Euphémismes et détournements du visage dans "Une saison de machettes" de Jean Hatzfeld
Crisis of the Utterable. Euphemisms and Diversions of the Human Face in Jean Hatzfeld’s "Machete Season"
Autorzy:
Chevrette, Eric
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Rwanda
génocide
trauma
indicible
maldicible
événement
Jean Hatzfeld
genocide
unspeakable
unutterable
event
Opis:
Après avoir écouté les témoignages de survivants tutsis (Dans le nu de la vie, 2000), l’écrivain et journaliste français Jean Hatzfeld a renversé la perspective en recueillant les récits de génocidaires hutus, avec la publication d’Une saison de machettes (2003). Cet article montre comment les récits des bourreaux sont empreints d’indicible, étant marqués par une démarche discursive calculée et réifiante, qui vise plus à taire qu’à dire en détournant et en orientant l’acte narratif. L’expérience de l’événement y est réduite à sa dimension factuelle, évacuant par l’occasion toute subjectivation. Une telle posture rhétorique, parfois très directe et très crue, mais surtout empreinte d’euphémismes et de détournements, contribue à dépersonnaliser les bourreaux, donc à normaliser l’extrême violence et à occulter le visage tutsi.
After listening empathically to testimonies from surviving Tutsis (Into the Quick of Life, 2000), the French author and journalist Jean Hatzfeld reversed the perspective by gathering recollections of the events from Hutu murderers, in Machete Season (2003). This paper shows how the executioner stories are immersed in the unutterable, a posture marked by a calculating and reifying discourse that aims to remain silent about the event rather than to relate them, which divert and appropriate speech. The experience of the event is therefore reduced to its factual aspects, which evacuate any form of subjectivization. Such rhetorical posture, very direct and very crude at times, but more importantly forged with euphemisms and diversions, contribute to the depersonalization of the murderers, therefore normalizing extreme violence and concealing the face of the Tutsi.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica; 2022, 17, 1; 91-103
1505-9065
2449-8831
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How words and emotions control behavior
Autorzy:
Łysiuk, Lidia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106013.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-11
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
symbols
ideas
beliefs
manipulation
genocide
Opis:
It is now being realized that people are driven by their emotions too much greater extent than by their intellect. Therefore, most influential are those leaders who knew how to evoke appropriate emotional states in their listeners. Examples of successful propaganda provide Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and recently Rwanda. In fact, both Nazi and Soviet propaganda made it possible to exterminate thousands of people with a silent consent of common citizens. Most people are easy to manipulate because they do not realize that words are symbols that bear strong emotional load. Moreover, party and religious leaders are often not aware of the consequences of the words they use. Whether they speak of an “enemy” of the nation, religion or society their eager followers will sooner or later come to the conclusion that the enemy is a serious obstacle in the welfare of the state. It made the revolutionary to slaughter all those who dared to think and act in a different way. On the other hand, words can also create positive attitudes persuading people to offer help to those in need. It is closely connected with the way the brain works. The studies found that common are not only sensual illusions but cognitive illusions as well. They make people to act in accordance with schemas they have internalized, and to react with negative emotions to those who try to change their word outlook, and the manner of thinking since they in terpret it as an attack on their basic values.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2020, 18(1); 127-140
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 158

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