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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 106
Tytuł:
Turkish Government Policy towards Independent Media after the Failed July 2016 Coup d’État
Autorzy:
Samborowska, Monika
Dawidczyk, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-21
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
freedom of speech
free media
authoritarianism
Opis:
The article presents the state of the Turkish media, as well as the actions taken by them before and after the failed attempt of the coup d’état in 2016. Pointing to the issue of freedom of speech in Turkey, the article highlights the numerous violations of the right to freedom of expression, which have repeatedly become part of the actions of central government authorities.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2018, 1 (27); 48-66
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zniesławienie na Facebooku
Autorzy:
Wełyczko, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
defamation
freedom of speech
dignity
privacy
Opis:
The article examines the mechanisms of defamation in the internet space, social media and Facebook in particular. Human dignity is protected both as a constitutional value and as an individual right, though in everyday practice law-enforcement bodies usually tend to be unwilling to react to violations of human dignity, while appropriate legal provisions are often not in place to be implemented. Actions taken by the police in investigating appropriate cases do not always manage to identify perpetrators or bring them to justice. Most internet or cyber crime occurs across international borders and can be committed anonymously. There are certain types of defamatory statements that are considered to harm the reputation of the victim. Libel in the internet involves cyberbullying, online harassment, cyber-stalking, and, most of all, internet trolls. Trolling is any deliberate and intentional attempt to disrupt the credibility of others, often involving petty arguments. People tend to lose control of their emotions when they go online. An explosion of raw and unbridled emotions follows, standards wane, and eventually some internet users lose their touch with reality. Cyber violence and online harassment are punishable crimes and are subject to criminal prosecution: defamation, libel and online threats. Stalking and vulgar language in public places are offences subject to public prosecution and the provisions of the Petty Offences Procedure Code. . Generally, a defamatory statement published to third parties has to be proved and it has to be proved that the publisher knew or should have known that the statement that they made which harmed the reputation was false. The good name or reputation of another can be damaged, or even totally destroyed, in a number of ways. To calumniate another is certainly to ruin a person’s or a company their good name and so to do them an injustice. The number of criminal offences under Article 212 has increased four times over the past ten years.
Źródło:
Themis Polska Nova; 2015, 2(9); 192-215
2084-4522
Pojawia się w:
Themis Polska Nova
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasada nullum crimen sine lege w kontekście przestępstw stypizowanych w art. 256 § 1 k.k.
The principle of nullum crimen sine lege in the context of crimes typified in Art. 256 §1 of the Penal Code
Autorzy:
Scheffler, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
nullum crimen sine lege
hate speech
freedom of speech
limits of freedom of speech
fascism
totalitarianism
penal code
discrimination
Opis:
The paper presents interpretations of the content of the legal principle of nullum crimen sine lege and the influence of this principle on legal characterisation of crime of public propagation of a fascist or other totalitarian governance system and crime of public agitation to hatred based on national, ethnic, racial or religious differences or for reason of a lack of any religiousdenomination. In the author’s opinion, the most difficult problem in the case of crimes typified in Art. 256 § 1 of Polish Penal Code lies in that many layers consider the legal principle of nullum crimen as a commonplace. In the paper, there are several cases presented of adjudications of the Polish Supreme Court relating to what considerations of the legal principle of nullum crimen may cause so that we can obtain clear views on the problem.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2018, 16, 4 (2); 119-140
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Freedom of Speech in Modern Political Culture
Autorzy:
Miklaszewska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Projekt Avant
Tematy:
freedom of speech
propaganda
hate speech
democracy
liberalism
Opis:
In the philosophy of liberalism, freedom of speech is one of the fundamental rights of the individual, one that is guaranteed by the constitution of a liberal democratic state. Contemporary Western democracies are based on the political culture in which human rights, including the right to free speech, play an important role. This right, however, can be violated by demagogic propaganda both in totalitarian regimes and in democracies. The propaganda mechanism, reaching into the sphere of community values and concepts, presently operates also through the Internet, in which expressions of anger and hatred are disseminated and can lead to the destruction of democracy. I will argue that, in today’s world, restrictions on the freedom of speech through legal norms are necessary, because the threat comes not only in the form of censorship, but also the manipulation techniques used by politicians in democratic regimes. Advances in modern technology can be of service to dictatorship when the media and the Internet are used for propaganda or surveillance purposes, but they also provide a support to freedom and democracy when they serve as the means of the transmission of reliable information, initiating public discussions. As such, they establish a framework for rational debates and peaceful activities that contribute to the maintenance of the democratic political culture. The basic elements of this culture, i.e. legal rules, pluralist media, and education systems are all necessary for the defence of its core value, namely the freedom of speech.
Źródło:
Avant; 2019, 10, 1; 77-88
2082-6710
Pojawia się w:
Avant
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agenda-setting versus Freedom of Speech
Autorzy:
Wojtkowski, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
freedom of speech
mass media
agenda-setting
Opis:
The most important issue of this paper is contained mostly, though vaguely, in the title. What is agenda-setting and how it is related with freedom of speech domain? In further part I will try to present those, theoretically distant problems. I will also try to present how political and business organizations can affect on daily agenda, so in fact how thy can create access to free speech. There are some situations in mass media world, when those practices can be considered as internal or external censorship. In this paper I specific cases, all selected from American political and media systems. I think that US system is full of contradictions, from law confl icts (state vs federal law, First Amendment), owners of mass media competition (corporations, FCC) and finally state controlled media on the contrary to free speech (censorship).
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2010, 39; 241-252
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wolność słowa contra zakaz prowadzenia sporów światopoglądowych
Freedom of speech
Autorzy:
Jadacki, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1621935.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
freedom of speech
Arkadiusz Chrudzimski
wolność słowa
Opis:
brak
Źródło:
Analiza i Egzystencja; 2017, 40; 111-125
1734-9923
2300-7621
Pojawia się w:
Analiza i Egzystencja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
What American people can tell – freedom of speech in United States
Autorzy:
Dziduszko-Rościszewska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026778.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
freedom of speech
politics
United States
democracy
Opis:
Freedom of possessing and expressing own ideas and opinions and their dissemination is one of the fundamental rights, that entitled to each person. In addition to this, the freedom enables searching and getting information. Thanks to it, the right to express your own identity, selfrealization and aspiring to truth are guaranteed. It is one of the basic premise and the necessary condition to realize the idea of democracy. In the United States, the cradle of civil rights and modern democracy, the freedom of expression is guaranteed in the First Amendment to American Constitution (Bill of Rights), enacted in 1789 (came into force in 1791). On its virtue, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of (…) the freedom of speech, or of the press (…).” Although the record suggested that this freedom is absolute, (not restricted of any legislation), the later jurisdiction of the US Supreme Court (by case law) isolated categories of utterances that have not been contained by the First Amendment. ! e essential issues are answers on the following questions: in the name of what values Congress can limit the First Amendment? And where is the border of freedom of speech? One of the expressions that are not protected by the law is fi ghting words and hate words. The second are libel and slanders that are understood as a infringement of somebody’s rights.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2010, 39; 253-272
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gdy słowa stają się bronią: media w Rwandzie w latach 1990–2016
When words become weapons: media of Rwanda 1990–2016
Autorzy:
Pomiankowska-Wronka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/649872.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
media
genocide
freedom of speech
weapon of words
Opis:
A free media is crucial for a functioning democracy, but if not truly free, paves the way for manipulation of views, thus cannot to bring democratic changes. Rwandan media played important role before and during the extermination and after this tragedy. Political elites used the Rwandan media like a weapon of words – they demonized Tutsi ethnic population group and aligned with the government spreads hate. Also after the slaughter opposite media were being brutally suppressed, journalists were killed and because of that some of newspapers stopped publication. This article presents the role of the Rwandan media over the period 1990–2016.
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Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2017, 41, 3
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preferencje polityczne a wolność słowa
Political preferences and freedom of speech
Autorzy:
Wichura, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
freedom of speech
freedom of expression
the media in Poland
Opis:
In Poland, the way to make the constitutional basis of freedom of speech and freedom of the media opened up with breakthrough systemic taking place in 1989. Today it is sanctioned under the Constitution of 1997 (article 14 expresses the freedom of media and article 54 regulates freedom of expression) and a matter of law on the National Council of Radio and Television. The need for free media market, free flow of information and opinions and the need to protect it with a functioning system of judicial instruments – domestic and international – is now the standard functioning of democratic states. If what is more free speech – mainly implemented by means of mass communication is a real value and perform proper function in society – the mass media must be able to operate without restrictions or influence by external actors. Only then they will be able to inform the public about the socio-political events in the most objective way. Everyone has the right to express their thoughts, whether in private life, whether in public life. In addition, each sentence of the people must be respected, even if someone disagrees with him. This rule is reflected not only in Polish law (both in terms of the Constitution and ordinary laws) but also in the program documents, demands and actions of all major Polish political scene at the party. On the basis of the current legal regulations, political parties have the ability to access public radio and television, which have an impact on the implementation of the constitutional right of freedom of expression in practice. For this example, an object of study focused on two levels of analysis, in relation to the p arliamentary elections of 2011 and in the context of political ideology. The analysis of empirical data on two key issues: the use of freedom of speech by the media in Poland and protection of the constitutional right of free speech by the Polish political parties.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2012, 3; 77-89
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Politically correct hate speech
Autorzy:
Demenko, Anna
Urbańczyk, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1037296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
hate speech
political correctness
criminal law
freedom of speech
rules of precaution
Opis:
In the paper we discuss the reasons behind a specific permissiveness of the Polish judicial authorities with regard to hate speech. Hate speech is criminalized by various provisions of the Polish Criminal Code. But as conducted surveys and statistics show, these regulations do not seem to be used adequately. The acceptance of hate speech does not necessarily result from the fact that we are a less tolerant society, but also to a large extent, from the fact that the scope of what is allowed to be said, especially publicly, is in Poland very broad. Paradoxically, it seems that in this ‘new democracy’ there is more freedom of speech than in Western countries, where political correctness plays a very important role in public and social life. The lack of responsibility that goes with freedom of speech and of boundaries on what might be expressed in public, the scurrilous language used also by high-ranking officials, influence the rules of socially acceptable behaviour. These rules also influence the scope of what is considered criminal behaviour. When tackling the problem of the acceptance of hate speech, it is also very important to remember that legal acts, especially criminal law, might not necessarily be the best way to change the attitudes in a society. Restrictions on freedom of speech might not only have a freezing effect but also be counterproductive – that which it is prohibited to say tends to be said more. The problem is to strike the right balance between those two possible outcomes.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2020, 82, 3; 169-177
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Accusation of Disinformation as a Pretext to Limit the Freedom of Speech at the Time of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Zarzut dezinformacji jako pretekst do ograniczenia wolności słowa w okresie pandemii Covid-19
Autorzy:
Składanek, Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2189654.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-28
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
disinformation
freedom of speech
pandemic
dezinformacja
wolność słowa
pandemia
Opis:
The COVID-19 pandemic made the authorities of many countries take extraordinary steps to prevent the new disease from spreading. They were not limited to improving the operation of healthcare but also extended to a range of areas of social and political life. That resulted in restrictions to fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms. A number of doubts voiced in the public debate in this connection encourage a scientific consideration of the legal aspects of restricting the rights and freedoms in connection with the pandemic. This paper is aimed at presenting disinformation as a hazard to the right to the freedom of speech, constitutionally protected in democratic states.
Pandemia COVID-19, która pojawiła się w pierwszej połowie 2020 r., skłoniła władze wielu państw do nadzwyczajnych działań mających zapobiec rozprzestrzenianiu się nowej choroby. Nie ograniczały się one jedynie do usprawnienia funkcjonowania służby zdrowia, ale objęły swoim zakresem także wiele dziedzin życia społecznego i politycznego. Dochodziło w związku z tym do podejmowania działań skutkującym ograniczeniem podstawowych praw i wolności człowieka i obywatela. Liczne wątpliwości, jakie wywołały one w debacie publicznej, skłaniają do refleksji naukowej na temat prawnych aspektów ograniczania praw i wolności w związku z pandemią. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest konstytucyjnej wolności słowa, która w demokratycznym państwie prawa należy do podstawowych wolności obywatelskich.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2023, 1(71); 283-293
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Freedom of speech in international regulations in the face of digital media development
Autorzy:
Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13944267.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-20
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
freedom of speech
cybersecurity
digital media
regulation
international law
Opis:
In the face of technological development, the relationship between freedom, including freedom of speech, and security – especially its digital variety, namely cybersecurity – is a particularly difficult relation. It should be pointed out that the international plane is an indispensable dimension of human rights protection, since it is in the international plane that new standards in the field of human rights are created, which are then brought into the system of domestic law and the practice of states. Meanwhile, the existence of international legal regulations increasingly often becomes a guarantee of the effectiveness of domestic legal systems. International institutions often become the institution of appeal for individuals and a lever to force state governments to respect fundamental human rights and freedoms. Support for individuals, communities or nations fighting for their rights, and their success in this struggle, contribute to the formation of a new democratic international order.
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 9, 1; 5-22
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DZIENNIKARSKA KRYTYKA WŁADZY SĄDOWNICZEJ I JEJ PRZEDSTAWICIELI
JOURNALISTIC CRITICISM OF THE JUDICIARY AND ITS REPRESENTATIVES
Autorzy:
Korzeniewska - Lasota, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512277.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum
Tematy:
freedom of speech
freedom of the press
freedom of criticism
judiciary
judge
journalist.
Opis:
Freedom of speech and, stemming from it, freedom of the press, are un-challenged grounds of every democratic society. The author relying on the limits of the allowed journalist criticism, normatively outlined and earned by the judicature and doctrine, considers the issue of applying the limits to judges. It is also indicated that protecting judges from unjustified criticism is necessary and the range of this protection should be wider than the range specified by the legislator in relation to politics and people holding social functions.
Źródło:
Studia Ełckie; 2016, 18, 2; 159 - 172
1896-6896
2353-1274
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ełckie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
"The Development of the Hate Speech Regulation in Hungary: from Criminal Law to Civil Law and Media Regulation"
Autorzy:
Gárdos-Orosz, Fruzsina
Nagy, Krisztina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
hate speech
freedom of speech
media law
discrimination
criminal law,
constitutional law
Opis:
In the Hungarian legal system, the anti-hate speech rules of media law provide an ad-ditional (administrative) proceeding for the media authority in parallel with proceedings under criminal law and civil law. The media authorities, over the past twenty years, have consistently set media law sanctions at a lower intervention threshold than criminal law did, and in many cases, they established media law violation in cases where criminal proceedings for incitement against a community were not initiated or ended in acquittal. The fundamental aim of media law regulation is to shape media content and the edit-ing practices of media players with a view to ensure respect for human dignity, and to prevent media from becoming an ‘amplifier’ of hateful communications. In the first four-teen years of the Hungarian media regulation, the scope of interpretation concerning anti-hate speech media law restrictions developed gradually. The authority reacted not only to individual cases, and individual communications, but also carried out targeted investigations in cases that can be described as a phenomenon in the media coverage. Besides reviewing news and information programmes, it also acted against hateful con-tents of the entertainment programmes. The new media regulation, which entered into force in 2011, partially amended the content of the former anti-hate speech regulation: in addition to the provisions of “incitement to hatred”, the former category of “offending or prejudiced content” was replaced by the prohibition of “exclusion”. The practice of the media authority has not changed as regards the assessment of the media law standard, as the authority has continued to apply it differently from the criminal law standard, con-sidering it as a lower intervention threshold. However, in comparison with pre-2010 practice, the authority initiated considerably fewer proceedings and its approach in terms of law enforcement became less characterised by adjudicating problems that can be de-scribed as phenomenon in the media coverage, no targeted proceedings of this kind were initiated. Its practice can be characterised by a couple of high profile cases with extreme sanctions, which attract great attention. These cases are important as they designate the boundaries of public communications, but in this way, media law measures are not really suitable for making any substantial changes to the characteristics of the media coverage.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2018, 8
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Freedom of Speech in Europe and in the United States of America. A Few Remarks on the History of the Idea and its New Challenges
Autorzy:
Wacławczyk, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026753.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Europe
history
freedom of speech
United States of America
international relations
Opis:
One can hardly overestimate the meaning of freedom of speech in the European tradition. It dates back to the times of the ancient Greece, although it was only John Milton who wrote the first tract devoted to the subject in question. In his Areopagitica (1644), Milton skillfully defended the principle of a free flow of ideas by stressing out that an open and undisturbed clash of various information and opinions is a condition of discovering truth in life. The best-known and most frequently quoted fragment of Areopagitica reads: “And though all the winds of doctrine were let loose to play upon the earth, so Truth be in the ! eld, we do injuriously, by licencing and prohibiting to misdoubt her strength. Let her and Falsehood grapple; who ever knew Truth put to the wors, in a free and open encounter. Her confuting is the best and surest suppressing”.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2006, 35; 7-15
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 106

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