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Tytuł:
Artificial conditions as an abuse of rights in public aid from the Common Agricultural Policy
Autorzy:
Czechowski, Paweł
Niewiadomski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899589.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-02-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
artificial conditions
Common Agricultural Policy
abuse of rights
state aid
European finance
agricultural law
Opis:
This article presents an issue related to the creation of artificial conditions in order to obtain financial assistance from the Common Agricultural Policy. The occurrence of artificial conditions has been assessed primarily in terms of the occurrence of the abuse of rights. In this respect, the most relevant judgments of the Court of Justice of the EU have been analysed. The legal possibilities of preventing artificial conditions and protecting the financial interests of the EU are also presented. Additionally, an assessment of the occurrence of artificial conditions in the context of the granting of state aid has been made.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 99; 379-392
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy zgodnie z Konstytucją RP możliwa jest ratyfikacja decyzji Rady Europejskiej (UE, Euroatom) 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. dotyczącej systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej bez zgody wyrażonej w ustawie przez Sejm i Senat RP?
Is it possible, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, to ratify the decision of the European Council (EU, Euroatom) 2020/2053 of 14th December 2020 concerning the system of own resources of the European Union without the consent expressed in a statute by the Sejm and the Senate of the Republic of Poland?
Autorzy:
Domańska, Aldona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2196752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
finance
constitution
European Council
ratification
Opis:
In the opinion of the author, the European Council Decision 2020/2053 does not determine new competencies of the Union, but only the creation of new financial instruments to implement political priorities or better reflect the importance of the general budget. It does, however, impose a significant financial burden on the state, and thus meets the criteria for ratification of an international agreement set forth in the Polish Constitution in Article 89 para. 1 subpara. 4. It is therefore not permissible for the Decision to be ratified solely by the President of the Republic of Poland without the consent of the Sejm and the Senate expressed in a statute.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 2(70); 163-172
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy zgodnie z Konstytucją RP możliwa jest ratyfikacja decyzji Rady Europejskiej (UE, Euroatom) 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. dotyczącej systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej bez zgody wyrażonej w ustawie przez Sejm i Senat?
Is it possible, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, to ratify the decision of the European Council (EU, Euroatom) 2020/2053 of 14th December 2020 concerning the system of own resources of the European Union without the consent expressed in a statute by the Sejm and the Senate of the Republic of Poland?
Autorzy:
Zaleśny, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
finance
constitution
European Council
ratification
Opis:
The author of the opinion points out that the Council Decision 2020/2053 imposes a significant financial burden on the state and concerns matters regulated by statute or matters for which the Polish Constitution requires a statute, and as such may not be ratified without consent expressed by statute. The ratification of the Decision, due to the fact that through it the competencies of state authorities are transferred to the European Union in certain matters, should be conducted in accordance with Article 90 of the Polish Constitution.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 2(70); 141-150
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy zgodnie z Konstytucją RP możliwa jest ratyfikacja decyzji Rady Europejskiej (UE, Euroatom) 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. dotyczącej systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej bez zgody wyrażonej w ustawie przez Sejm i Senat RP?
Is it possible, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, to ratify the decision of the European Council (EU, Euroatom) 2020/2053 of 14th December 2020 concerning the system of own resources of the European Union without the consent expressed in a statute by the Sejm and the Senate of the Republic of Poland?
Autorzy:
Opaliński, Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195379.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
constitution
European Council
ratification
finance
Opis:
In the author’s opinion, on the grounds of the Constitution it is not possible to ratify the Council’s decision without the consent expressed in a law by the Sejm and the Senate. This decision causes a significant financial burden on the state and concerns matters for which the Constitution requires a statute. The Council’s decision has the effect of transferring to an international organization the competences of public authorities in certain matters. The author of the opinion estimates that the best form of expressing consent to the ratification of the decision of the Council would be to determine the mode of nationwide referendum by the Sejm.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 2(70); 151-162
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
National fiscal frameworks in the post-crisis European Union
Autorzy:
Szymańska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446532.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
national fiscal framework
European Union
public finance
Opis:
Research background: The latest economic and financial crisis has seriously injured European Union Member States, affecting the condition of their public finances. In the face of the crisis, the EU made a special effort to increase the effectiveness of national fiscal frameworks, e.g. by improving the compliance with legislation. The post 2009 reforms were aimed at providing a solid economic foundation for the national fiscal frameworks, especially in the high-debt euro area countries. Purpose of the article: The goal of this research is twofold. Firstly, it aims to provide an outline of the national fiscal governance in the EU. Secondly, the paper analyzes the changes in the core measures of fiscal governance in the EU between the crisis period and the year 2016 (due to the latest available data) and investigates the similarities in the progress made by the 28 EU countries in restoring balance in public finance. Methods: To achieve the goal, the literature review and the analysis of core elements of national fiscal frameworks are provided. In the empirical section the grouping method for all 28 EU countries based on the Ward's agglomerative hierarchical clustering method is employed. The study uses data derived from the AMECO database (in the case of fiscal data) and the European Commission thematic data for quality indexes of particular elements of fiscal governance (numerical fiscal rules, medium-term budgetary frameworks and independent fiscal institutions). Findings & Value added: This paper contributes to the literature by, on the one hand, attempting to analyze changes in main fiscal governance measures and, on the other hand, by assessing their link with public finance through employment of the agglomerative clustering method. Based on the results, the conclusion about the importance of the improvement in fiscal frameworks is provided. The analysis shows that countries with better national fiscal framework achieved better results in public finances regardless the macroeconomic conditions.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2018, 13, 4; 623-642
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of the Council Directive on Requirements for Budgetary Frameworks of the Member States on the Polish Public Finance System
Autorzy:
Postuła, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-03-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
public finance
fiscal rules
budget
Polska
European Union
Opis:
Purpose: The paper discusses the validity of the thesis according to which Polish budgetary framework in place in 2011 required only minor adjustments in order to be consistent with the principles set forth in the EU Council Directive on requirements for budgetary frameworks of Member States adopted in November 2011. Basic elements of the budgetary framework laid down in the Directive had already been provided for in Polish law. Methodology: A comparative analysis of the provisions of the Directive with relevant acts of Polish legislation, including the Public Finance Act, was carried out. The author outlines the Polish budgetary framework before 2011 and the most important adjustments introduced by the end of 2013 on the basis of the budgetary framework structure set forth in the Directive. Findings: The assessment of the convergence of provisions encompassed definitions, accounting, statistics, forecasts, numerical fiscal rules, medium-term budgetary frameworks, transparency and consistency. Its results demonstrate that Polish regulations complied with the provisions of the Directive. In order to confirm their correctness, an assessment of the practical application of recent adjustments, which entered into force in 2014, must be carried out. Constraints to research: The analysis addresses the main concepts and their most important characteristics, and therefore a synthetic approach to the subject required omitting a number of specific issues. Originality: The paper analyses the convergence of the Polish budgetary framework in 2011 and its subsequent adjustments to the provisions of the Directive of the EU Council requiring Member States to amend their legislation by the end of 2013.
Źródło:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe; 2015, 1; 95-111
2084-3356
Pojawia się w:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat wniosku dotyczącego rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie zasad finansowych mających zastosowanie do budżetu ogólnego Unii
Legal opinion on a project of regulating in a single act financial rules which are applied to general budget of the EU
Autorzy:
Szpringer, Zofia
Kuszel, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2212008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
budget
finance
European Union
budżet
finanse
Unia Europejska
Opis:
Adoption of the draft regulation may result in a necessity of change of several Polish statutes. Authors notice that indication of Article 322(2) of TFEU was improper because of the specific goal and content of the regulation. The mentioned provision concerns own resources of UE, while the draft regulation determines EU budgetary rules. Article 322(1) of TFEU should be indicated as a proper legal basis of the proposed regulation. The principle of subsidiarity, in accordance with rules mentioned in Article 2 of the Protocol No. 2 on the Application of the Principles of Subsidiarity and Proportionality does not affect the analyzed draft regulation. The authors point out that the Council of Ministers did not fulfil its obligation to present a project of opinion on the EU draft act. The authors claim with that the draft regulation should be adopted, but they also point out that many areas covered by the draft should be clarified.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2017, 1(53); 120-132
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The financial transaction tax: an ANOVA assessment of selected EU countries
Autorzy:
Raisová, Manuela
Regásková, Martina
Lazányi, Kornélia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444433.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
taxation
finance
European Union
financial transaction tax
ANOVA
Opis:
Research background: There are various forms of fiscal taxation of the financial assets. In recent times, the discussion about financial transaction tax in the EU is associated with finding the solution to problems due to great financial crisis. The European Commission has made some efforts to strengthen capital regulation and it has adopted the Directive about implementing enhanced cooperation in the field of financial transaction tax, where it analyzed options and impacts of FTT according to those countries which have already implemented similar transaction taxes in their national legislatives. Purpose of the article: Our aim is to find out the economic relationship between FTT and economic growth and to analyze the effect of FTT within selected EU countries. Methods: In this paper, we will analyze the banking environment in the EU area, and we emphasize the correlation between tax policy and economic growth. We will test FTT through three-way mixed-effects ANOVA, and analyze three Member states, Belgium, Ireland and the United Kingdom, which have very active attitude to implementation of FTT within other EU countries. Findings & Value added: We are interested in: (1) testing the relationship between the financial transaction tax (FTT) and economic growth (GDP); and (2) to verify the hypothesis that FTT could improve GDP growth in a country. We assume that if a country has adopted FTT in its tax system, then it will lead to a significant GDP growth, and so it could lead to financial market improvement after the crisis. Our results have shown that an increase in FTT volume would lead only to a negligible increase in the economic growth.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2020, 15, 1; 29-48
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zrównoważone banki? Czynniki ESG w unijnych regulacjach mikroostrożnościowych
Sustainable banks? ESG factors in EU’s microprudential regulations
Autorzy:
Smoleńska, Agnieszka Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2230939.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
microprudential regulations
climate risks
European Banking
Authority
sustainable finance
European Green Deal
Opis:
The financial sector is highly affected by the spectre of climate change and other sustainability-related factors, as recognised by various global and EU policies. The 2015 Paris Agreement enshrines the signatories’ goal to make “finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development.” The European Union, since the European Commission’s 2018 Sustainable Finance Action Plan, has introduced an array of regulations intended to facilitate private investment in transition as well as to include ESG risk management in the prudential regulation. The article tracks and analyses the latter interventions with view to assess their coherence and to identify the potential long-term effects, in the context of the persistent barriers to the development of the Polish sustainable finance sector.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2023, 2(74); 67-88
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza podstawowych kategorii budżetowych w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Characteristics of the main categories of government budget in UE member states
Autorzy:
Smołkowska, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11542179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
sovereign debt
budget deficit
public finance
European Union
COFOG
Opis:
The paper provides an overview of public finances in the EU member states. The author compares selected indicators, including budget deficit, government debt, government revenue and its sources, as well as government expenditures by COFOG (Classification of the Functions of Government). Particular attention is given to general government expenditures. The author also highlights similarities and differences between general government in Poland and other EU member states. The papers concludes with some remarks regarding challanges to improve the conditions of public finances.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2016, 3(47); 127-149
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Advanced methods of earnings management: monotonic trends and change-points under spotlight in the Visegrad countries
Autorzy:
Kliestik, Tomas
Valaskova, Katarina
Nica, Elvira
Kovacova, Maria
Lazaroiu, George
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
business finance
change-point
earnings management
monotonic trend
European countries
Opis:
Research background: Enterprises manage earnings in an effort to balance their profit fluctuations to provide increasingly consistent earnings in every reporting period. Earnings management is legal and very effective method of accounting techniques and may be used to obtain specific objectives of the enterprises involving the manipulation of accruals. Therefore, there is a need to analyze it in the context of group of countries, while the issue of their detection in the new ways appears.  Purpose of the article: The analysis of annual earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) of 5,640 enterprises from the Visegrad Four during the period 2009-2018 confirms that the development of earnings management in these countries is not a randomness. Thus, the aim of this article is to determine the existence of positive trend in earnings management and to detect the change-point in its development for each Visegrad country. Methods: Grubbs test, Mann-Kendall trend test and Buishand test were used as appropriate statistical methods. Mann-Kendall test identifies significant monotonic trend occurrence in earnings manipulation in every country. Buishand test indicates significant years, which divides the development of EBIT into two homogenous groups with individual central lines. Findings & Value added: Based on the statistical analysis applied, we rejected randomness in the managing of earning, but we determined the trend of its increasing. The positive earnings manipulation was not homogenous in the analyzed period, however, a change-point was defined. Year 2014 was identified as a break-point for Slovak, Polish and Hungarian enterprises considering the earnings manipulation. Year 2013 was detected as a change-point in Czech enterprises. The methodical approach used may be very helpful for researchers from other countries to determine, detect and understand earnings management as well as for the investors to make decisions based on a specificities of an individual country.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2020, 11, 2; 371-400
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwarunkowania finansowe działalności przedsiębiorstw na jednolitym rynku europejskim
Financial determinants of enterprises activity on single European market
Autorzy:
Kaczmarzyk, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/590780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Finanse przedsiębiorstwa
Jednolity rynek europejski
Corporate finance
Single European Market
Opis:
Przedsiębiorstwa funkcjonujące na jednolitym rynku europejskim mogą korzystać ze swobody przepływu towarów, świadczenia usług, przepływu kapitału oraz osób. Z czterema swobodami podstawowymi w sposób komplementarny łączy się swoboda przedsiębiorczości. Podstawowe swobody wspólnego rynku stoją w zgodzie z realizacją celów finansowych przedsiębiorstw. Przeprowadzone badania empiryczne mają na celu weryfikację uwarunkowań finansowych działalności przedsiębiorstw na jednolitym rynku europejskim. Szczególny nacisk położono na formułowanie hierarchii celów finansowych, pozyskiwanie kapitału i kształtowanie jego struktury. Uwzględniono problem finansowania działalności ze środków unijnych oraz rozważono wpływ regulacji na jej prowadzenie.
Enterprises running their activity on Single European Market may benefit from free movement of goods, freedom to provide services, free movement of capital and freedom of movement for workers. The freedom of entrepreneurship links with the four freedoms in a complementary manner. Basic freedoms support enterprises in achieving their financial goals. The research aims at verification of financial determinants influencing enterprises on Single European Market. The research considers the way the enterprises formulate financial goals hierarchy, as well as the way they gain capital and shape its structure. The problem of applying for European funds and European regulations impact on entrepreneurial activity are also taken into account.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2016, 282; 46-57
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes introduced to the European market for financial services by the Payment Service Directive 2
Zmiany wprowadzone na europejskim rynku usług finansowych dyrektywą o usługach płatniczych (Payment Service Directive 2)
Autorzy:
Woźniak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
finance
financial market
payment
European Union
PSD2
payment services
Opis:
In recent years, the use of new, innovative services, constituting a convenient alternative to traditional credit card payments or to standard account information services offered by banks has significantly increased. These changes demanded a more inclusive regulation of this market which would guarantee security to consumers and more clarity to the new providers of financial services. The Directive in question along with the Regulation introduce these changes, open the market and extend the regulation to many new providers of financial services. In the paper the bases for implementing the EU regulations are presented, as well as the most important of the introduced changes.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2020, 2(66); 9-25
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Republika Mauretanii – na pograniczu Maghrebu
The Republic of Mauritania – on the border of the Maghreb
Autorzy:
Salamon, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30145826.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
European Union
finance
integration
Maghreb
Mauritania
finanse
integracja
Mauretania
Unia Europejska
Opis:
Przedstawienie sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej w Republice Mauretanii – najsłabiej rozwiniętym państwie Maghrebu, jest istotne w zarówno w kontekście współpracy m.in. z Unią Europejską, jak również z innymi podmiotami prawa międzynarodowego. Przeanalizowane zostaną dane statystyczne – miejsca Mauretania w międzynarodowych rankingach, takich jak: Human Development Index czy Fragile State Index. W trakcie badań postawiono pytania badawcze, z których najważniejsze odnosi się do dywagacji, czy kolejne Country Strategy Paper, a także raporty IMF rzeczywiście wpłynęły na poprawę sytuacji finansowej i gospodarczej Mauretanii, czy miały jedynie wymiar normatywny. W pierwszej części artykułu opisano relacje łączące Mauretanię z Unią Europejską, w drugiej zaś scharakteryzowano mauretańską strategię finansów oraz rolę sektora bankowego.
The aim of the article is to analyze the socio-economic situation in the Republic of Mauritania – the least developed of the Maghreb countries, in the context of cooperation with the European Union, but also with other subjects of international law. Statistical data will be analyzed – Mauritania’s place in international rankings such as: Human Development Index or Fragile State Index. During the research, research questions were posed, the most important of which relate to the divagations whether the subsequent Country Strategy Paper as well as the IMF reports had an impact in practice on the improvement of the financial and economic situation of Mauritania, or whether they had only a normative dimension. The first part of the article is devoted to the analysis of relations between Mauritania and the European Union. The second part was devoted to the Mauritanian financial strategy and the role of the banking sector.
Źródło:
Acta Politica Polonica; 2023, 55; 45-54
2451-0432
2719-4388
Pojawia się w:
Acta Politica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SYSTEMS OF GENERAL GRANTS FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN SELECTED EU COUNTRIES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE GENERAL THEORY OF FISCAL POLICY
Autorzy:
Sekuła, Alicja
Śmiechowicz, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517399.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
fiscal policy
general grants
European Union
central government expenditures
public finance
Opis:
Fiscal policy, including its expenditure aspect, is often discussed and analysed from a variety of angles in the literature on public finances, undoubtedly due to the major importance of this topic. However, not all areas of the expenditure part of fiscal policy have been subjected to in-depth analysis. One of the less discussed tools of fiscal policy consists of general purpose transfers, which are a certain type of expenditure passed from the central budget to local governments. This study focuses on presenting the systems for subsidising sub-national governments in selected European countries and evaluating, based on a synthetic measure, the fiscal policies of France, Italy, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Poland and Finland implemented by means of general transfers, with the aim of identifying the best fiscal policy with respect to subsidising and the characteristic features determining its success. The method of unitisation of statistical feature values was employed in this study to enable comparative analysis. As suggested by the results of the analysis, spanning the years 2003–2012, the highest-ranked fiscal policy implemented via general-purpose transfers has been developed in the Netherlands.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2016, 11, 4; 711-734
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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