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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 326
Tytuł:
Job Redesign Needs for Aged Workers
Autorzy:
Kawakami, M.
Inoue, F.
Ohkubo, T.
Ueno, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90100.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
ergonomics
job redesign
work intensity
assembly operation
labor productivity
ergonomia
wydajność pracy
montaż
starsi pracownicy
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to explore and present a proposal for redesigning elements of the workplace for agech workers. The method of research was to observe, record, and measure the actions of sitting workers performing assembly operations on electrical products in the Kani Plant Nagoya Works of Mitsubishi Electric Co. (Japan). The evaluation index used in the experiment was obtained by measuring time motion elements, cycle time per product, and motion velocity waves of elderly workers. Those motion characteristics were then compared to the motion characteristics of young workers. The results led to job redesign elements being identified to reduce handling factors of high difficulty for aged workers and to the necessity to consider a coefficient of correction in Method Time Measurement (MTM) according to differences in the manufactured object’s weight.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 1998, 4, 4; 471-483
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Occupationally Oriented Medical Rehabilitation and Hairdressers’ Work Techniques – A one-and-a-half-year follow-up
Autorzy:
Arokoski, J. P. A.
Nevala-Puranen, N.
Danner, R.
Halonen, M.
Tikkanen, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90176.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
work posture
rehabilitation
computerized OWAS method
ergonomics
hairdresser
ergonomia
rehabilitacja
postura
układ mięśniowo-szkieletowy
Opis:
This study examined changes in work techniques and musculoskeletal symptoms after occupationally oriented medical rehabilitation arranged for 21 hairdressers who were experiencing neck-shoulder or back pain but were still able to work. OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysing System) analyses of working postures and questionnaire data were obtained at the beginning of the courses and one and a half years later. The participants worked with their back bent and twisted or their arms at or over shoulder level more seldom (p < .0001) at the end of the follow-up than at the beginning of the rehabilitation. Subjective work-related physical and mental strain had decreased by 45.4% (p<.001) and 27.1% (p < .05), respectively, and subjective neck and back pain by 40.0% (p < .0 1 ) and 45.3% (p < .01). respectively. This'study suggests that occupationally oriented medical rehabilitation can have significant and long-lasting effects on the rehabilitee’s work techniques and subjective well-being.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 1998, 4, 1; 43-56
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of Ergonomics as a Quality Improvement Tool in a Manual Assembly Task
Autorzy:
Wick, H. S.
Bloswick, D. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89839.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
quality
ergonomics
assembly
design
jakość
ergonomia
montaż ręczny
Opis:
This study attempted to identify a direct relationship between the design characteristics of a manually-assembled product, exposure to work-related ergonomic risk factors, and improvement in product quality. The study considered (a) Accessibility (ease of approach) and Guidance (ease of alignment and positioning) as Design Variables, (b) Shoulder Abduction, Trunk Lateral Flexion, Rate-Normalized Percentage of Maximal Voluntary Contraction (%MVC) of the Wrist Flexors, Wrist Extensors, and Deltoids, and Frequency of Attachment as Ergonomics Variables, and (c) Percentage of Attachment Too Loose, Too Tight, and Misaligned as Quality Variables. Postural data, surface EMG data, and quality data were collected from 10 participants performing four 10-min repetitive manual assembly tasks with plastic threaded nuts, bolts, flat parts, and open-box parts. Unobstructed accessibility of manually-assembled parts was associated with decreased exposure to awkward trunk posture, decreased activity of the wrist flexors and extensors, increased frequency of repetitive motion, and a decrease in the tendency to attach parts too loosely. Accessibility had no effect on misalignment defects as measured. Part guidance decreased the number of parts attached too tightly and aided in increasing the rate of assembly of parts when there was unobstructed access to parts
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 1998, 4, 1; 19-42
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Analysis of Work Environments and Operations in Hot and Humid Areas
Autorzy:
Ghahramani, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90252.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
occupational safety
ergonomics
workplaces design
bezpieczeństwo pracy
ergonomia
środowisko pracy
Opis:
Crews on tankers traveling and hauling cargo on the lower reaches of the Mississippi River during the hot and humid (H&H) summer season face various occupational safety and ergonomics problems. Evaluation of medical data reveals that a large number of the crewmembers experience job related injuries, diseases, disorders, and exhaustion as a result of adverse environmental conditions (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH], 1993). The accidents and injuries that occurred were characterized and then analysis was used to recommend constructive remedies and solutions. The results were also used to design and develop better work environments on the tankers and in the general industry. In H&H conditions, the body’s chemical reactions constantly change in order to maintain the best possible reaction to changing environments. This chemical reaction increases blood flow to the skin through sweating. Body metabolism stabilizes body temperature through muscular work and convection, evaporation and radiation remove heat.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 1999, 5, 4; 591-596
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of the Protection Efficiency and Comfort of Personal Protective Equipment in Real Conditions of Use
Autorzy:
Mayer, A.
Korhonen, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90594.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
personal protective equipment
efficiency
ergonomics
standards
ergonomia
sprzęt ochrony osobistej
wydajność
standardy
Opis:
The lack of scientific and technical knowledge in certain complex fields, together with schedule constraints, have lead to adopting in EN standards insufficiently validated tests, relying sometimes on an empirical approach. Thus, even personal protective equipment (PPE) with positive results in tests required by the standards can nevertheless prove to be unsatisfactory when used at work. Several research projects have already been carried out on equipment, fail arresting systems, protective clothing, and gloves by several health and safety institutes in Europe. The results would suggest practical solutions to improve the representative of several European Committee for Standardization (CEN) test methods and to focus more on informing and training workers on the manner of wearing PPE, in particular respiratory protective equipment or hearing protectors.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 1999, 5, 3; 347-360
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ergonomic Aspects of a Virtual Environment
Autorzy:
Ahasan, M. R.
Vayrynen, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90897.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
virtual world
human perception
ergonomics issues
interactive design
wirtualny świat
ludzka percepcja
ergonomia
Opis:
A virtual environment is an interactive graphic system mediated through computer technology that allows a certain level of reality or a sense of presence to access virtual information. To create reality in a virtual environment, ergonomics issues are explored in this paper, aiming to develop the design of presentation formats with related information, that is possible to attain and to maintain user-friendly application.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 1999, 5, 1; 125-134
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ergonomics and Quality Management – Humans in Interaction With Technology, Work Environment, and Organization
Autorzy:
Eklund, J. A. E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90495.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
ergonomics
quality
productivity
improvement strategy
ergonomia
jakość
wydajność
Opis:
In many studies, ergonomics has been shown to influence human performance. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate imp ortan t ergonomics influences on qu ality in industrial production, from the perspective of interactions between humans, technology, organization, and work environment. A second aim was to elab orate on the imp lica tion s of these find in gs for the development of quality management strategies. This paper shows that ergonomics problems in terms of adverse work environmental conditions, in ap prop ria te design of technology, and an unsuitable org an izatio n are imp ortan t causes of quality deficiencies. Problem solving aimed at improving ergonomics, quality, and pro du ctivity simultaneously is likely to ob tain sup po rt from most o f the interest parties of the company, and may also enhance participation. Ergonomics has the potential of becoming a driving force for the development of new quality management strategies.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 1999, 5, 2; 143-160
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Macroergonomic Analysis and Design for Improved Safety and Quality Performance
Autorzy:
Kleiner, B. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90679.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
ergonomics
quality
macroergonomics
work system
ergonomia
jakość
system pracy
Opis:
Macroergonomics, which emerged historically after sociotechnical systems theory, quality management, and ergonomics, is presented as the basis for a needed integrative methodology. A macroergonomics methodology was presented in some detail to demonstrate how aspects of microergonomics, total quality management (TQM), and sociotechnical systems (STS) can be triangulated in a common approach, in the context of this methodology, quality and safety were presented as 2 of several important performance criteria. To demonstrate aspects of the methodology, 2 case studies were summarized with safety and quality performance results where available. The first case manipulated both personnel and technical factors to achieve a "safety culture" at a nuclear site. The concept of safety culture is defined in INSAG-4 (International Atomic Energy Agency, 1991). as "that assembly of characteristics and attitudes in organizations and individuals which establishes that, as an overriding priority, nuclear plant safety issues receive the attention warranted by their significance." The second case described a tire manufacturing intervention to improve quality (as defined by Sink and Tuttle, 1989) through joint consideration of technical and social factors. It was suggested that macroergonomics can yield greater performance than can be achieved through ergonomic intervention alone. Whereas case studies help to make the case, more rigorous formative and summative research is needed to refine and validate the proposed methodology respectively.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 1999, 5, 2; 217-245
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synergism of Ergonomics, Safety, and Quality - A Behavioral Cybernetic Analysis
Autorzy:
Smith, T. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90526.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
ergonomics management
safety management
hazard management
quality management
sociotechnical system
synergism
breakthrough performance
behavioral cybernetics
ergonomia
zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem
zarządzanie zagrożeniami
zarządzanie jakością
Opis:
This report extends a control systems or cybernetic model of behavior to the behavior of groups of many individuals - organizations and institutions - operating together with technology as complex sociotechnical (ST) systems. The premise is that the level of quality in performance of a complex ST system is predicated upon the degree to which its organizational design incorporates elements of a closed-loop behavioral control system: control goals and objectives, sensory receptors, sensory feedback, learning and memory, effectors, and sensory feedback control. From a control systems perspective, ergonomics is essential to effective organizational self-regulation. If working conditions are poorly designed, work performance and safety and quality outcomes cannot be closely controlled. Conversely, as shown by field evidence, good design promotes synergism between ergonomics, safety, and quality as a closed-loop consequence of effective employee and organizational self-control of system performance, safety, and quality.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 1999, 5, 2; 247-278
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Model to Analyze Ergonomics Working Conditions
Autorzy:
Ghahramani, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/91107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
ergonomics
work environment design
systems engineering
developing nations
ergonomia
środowisko pracy
inżynieria systemów
kraje rozwijające się
Opis:
An ergonomics and safety model to assess and evaluate the most critical industrial improvement areas in a developing nation. This study was initiated and supported by a Fortune 500 Corporation interested in improving its global operations in developing nations. This initiative was also fully supported by an emerging nation that was concerned with its ergonomics and safety problems. The model was tested and validated in the emerging nation and the results were used to further enhance the model so that it can be implemented and adapted to other similar work environments. The model provides a practical methodology that analyzes and evaluates an emerging nation’s current work environments, suggests practical solutions, and recommends effective remedies.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2000, 6, 2; 223-236
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dolegliwości kręgosłupa przyczyny i sposoby ochrony
Autorzy:
Kamińska, J.
Liu, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/181160.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowe
choroby zawodowe
pozycja siedząca
ergonomia
musculoskeletal disorders
occupational diseases
ergonomics
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka; 2000, 4; 16-19
0137-7043
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Maintenance Operations: Workstation Adjustment, Working Posture, and Workers’ Perceptions
Autorzy:
Delleman, N. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
ergonomics
pneumatic
oxy-gas
cutting
grinding
guidelines
ergonomia
cięcie
szlifowanie
wytyczne
Opis:
In the study maintenance workers were involved in pneumatic wrenching, oxy-gas cutting, and grinding at 5 different heights. Working posture and workers’ perceptions were measured. Guidelines on working height were formulated in order to minimize the load on the musculoskeletal system. Data from the present experiment as well as from literature were studied in depthin order to disclose generic mechanisms behind the adoption of working postures during visual-manual operations in relation to workstation adjustment. It was found, for instance, that the working posture was constrained by a strictly followed relationship between gaze inclination and head inclination for-/backwards. Also, the study provided insight into the role of visual interference, viewing distance, manipulation distance, hand grip of the tool, and body support for stability. Concerning evaluation criteria for working postures, it was concluded that neck flexion/extension (i.e., head inclination for-/backwards versus trunk inclination for-/backwards) seems to be the dominant determinant of neck load, as compared to head inclination for-/backwards. Furthermore, the position of the upper arm with respect to the trunk, that is, shoulder flexion/retroflexion in particular, seemed to be a dominant determinant of shoulder and shoulder girdle load, as compared to upper arm elevation.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2000, 6, 1; 3-46
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Manual Handling Injuries in Health Care Workers
Autorzy:
Bewick, N.
Gardner, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
manual handling
health care
ergonomics
ergonomia
personel pielęgniarski
urazy
Opis:
Nursing aides are particularly susceptible to manual handling injuries because they have the primary responsibility for heavy lifting. The aim of this study was to determine why a specific group of nursing aides have the highest manual handling injury rate in their hospital. The study investigated the adequacy of the manual handling training program, knowledge of manual handling, mechanical aid availability, and use of mechanical aids. Results indicated that the nursing aides’ manual handling knowledge was adequate but that they rarely used mechanical aids. This lack of use of aids was in part due to an over-reliance on their own strength and abilities. This may have been due to a lack of suitable mechanical aids on the wards or a lack of familiarity with the available aids. This study suggests that neither training alone nor the purchase of equipment alone is likely to resolve manual handling problems.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2000, 6, 2; 209-221
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders at Workplaces in the Peoples Republic of China
Autorzy:
Bao, S.
Winkel, J.
Shahnavaz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
ergonomics
epidemiology
cross-sectional study
low back pain
shoulder-neck disorders
developing countries
assembly workers
ergonomia
epidemiologia
ból pleców
kraje rozwijające się
Opis:
This paper presents 2 musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire surveys in 10 different Chinese occupational groups. Data collected from 1,603 workers using a modified Nordic musculoskeletal disorders symptom questionnaire showed that the 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in the low back and shoulder-neck regions, was high at many Chinese workplaces. Significant differences existed between occupational groups. Assembly workers usually had higher neck-shoulder complaints compared to workers in most other occupations. However, the nature of assembly seemed also to influence the prevalence rate. Workers at a cassette recorder and a TV set assembly plant appeared to have more neck complaints compared with a group of thermos flask assemblers.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2000, 6, 4; 557-574
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Review of Research Studies of Ergonomic Aspects of Selected Personal Protective Equipment
Autorzy:
Szczecińska, K.
Łężak, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90113.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
ergonomics
personal protective equipment design
test methods
protective clothing
automatic welding filter
protective respiratory system
electro-acoustic ear protectors
equipment against falls from height
feel of comfort
ergonomia
sprzęt ochrony osobistej
metody badań
odzież ochronna
ochrona układu oddechowego
ochrona słuchu
Opis:
This article is a review of research studies conducted in the Central Institute for Labour Protection (CIOP) on ergonomic aspects of personal protective equipment (PPE) design and use. Research was related to, among other things, a comparison of body strain and work time limitation for users wearing gas-tight and drill suits. Some other studies were connected with the biophysical properties of clothing materials for medical use. On the basis of the measurement results, a proposal of clothing construction with an optimum combination of protection and comfort was created. Research leading to the development of test methodology concerning automatic welding filters with switchable luminous transmittance is also conducted n CIOP. The article also brings up the subject of designing new PPE assuring a high level of comfort. A modei of material to be used under tight protective clothing, an inflammable harness for working at a height, and a model of intelligent clothing that will assist human thermoregulation processes during physical effort are examples of new PPE.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2000, Zeszyt Specjalny; 143-151
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 326

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