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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    A crustoid graptolite lithoimmured inside a Middle Ordovician nautiloid conch from northern Estonia
    Autorzy:
    Vinn, Olev
    Wilson, Mark A.
    Toom, Ursula
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191686.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    Encrustation
    graptolites
    nautiloids
    cryptic fauna
    Darriwilian
    Baltica
    Opis:
    A light grey nautiloid conch has a dark brown colony attached to its internal surface. This colonial fossil resembles hederellids and bryozoans, but is in fact a crustoid graptolite (Hormograptus? sp.). The colony has been lithoimmured inside this nautiloid conch by early cementation. Crustoid graptolites were a part of the encrusting communities in the Middle Ordovician of Baltica, but their abundance among encrusters of biogenic substrates reached a peak in the middle Sandbian. The cryptic mode of life appeared very early in the evolution of the crus- toids. The discovery of this crustoid graptolite in a nautiloid conch indicates that the Baltic Middle Ordovician cryptic communities were taxonomically more diverse than was known previously. The nautiloid conch studied is sparsely encrusted with an encrustation density that is similar to those of other Middle Ordovician cryptic surfaces described from Estonia.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 3; 285-290
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Epi- and endobionts on the late Silurian (early Pridoli) stromatoporoids from Saaremaa Island, Estonia
    Autorzy:
    Vinn, O.
    Wilson, M. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191798.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    encrustation
    sclerobionts
    stromatoporoids
    symbiosis
    bioerosion
    Pridoli
    Baltica
    Opis:
    A diverse sclerobiont community is described from the Kaugatuma Formation (lower Pridoli) of Saare- maa, Estonia. The stromatoporoid substrates studied here vary from low-domical to high-domical shapes. The community is numerically dominated by microconchids, which may have been characteristic of the sclerobiont fauna in the Pridoli of Baltica. Palaeoconchus aff. tenuis, Anticalyptraea calyptrata, Aulopora sp., sheet-like bryozoans, branching bryozoans, erect bryozoan holdfasts, rugosans, favositids, discoidal crinoid holdfasts, star- like crinoid holdfasts and sheet-like stromatoporoids encrust the domical stromatoporoids. Endobionts are repre- sented by embedded, symbiotic rugosans, Aulopora sp., and two rare borings Trypanites.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2012, 82, 3; 195-200
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cryptic encrusting fauna inside invertebrate fossils from the Ordovician of Estonia
    Autorzy:
    Vinn, O.
    Ernst, A.
    Toom, U.
    Isakar, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191331.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    encrustation
    bryozoans
    trilobites
    cornulitids
    cryptic fauna
    Ordovician
    Baltica
    Opis:
    This is the first report of encrusted cryptic surfaces in the Ordovician of Estonia. Only bryozoans and cornulitids occurred in nautiloids and trilobites. Bryozoans were the dominant encrusters, in terms of both the number of specimens and the encrustation area. Stalked echinoderms are common on the hardgrounds in the Middle and Upper Ordovician of Baltica, but the restricted space in nautiloid living chambers and trilobites probably prevented colonization by stalked echinoderms. Cryptic surfaces in nautiloids and trilobites usually are somewhat more encrusted than the open surfaces of hardgrounds in the Ordovician of Estonia. Encrusters presumably favoured cryptic surfaces, as these were less accessible for predators and grazers. Low encrustation densities, compared to North American hard substrates, seem to be characteristic for the Ordovician Baltic Basin.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2018, 88, 3; 285-290
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Taphonomy of a clypeasteroid echinoid using a new quasimetric approach
    Autorzy:
    GRUN, TOBIAS B.
    NEBELSICK, JAMES H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945738.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    echinoidea
    echinocyamus
    taphonomy
    quasimetric
    abrasion
    encrustation
    drillhole
    mediterranean
    Opis:
    A new quasimetric approach is used to statistically analyze taphonomic data from a commonly occurring shallow water clypeasteroid echinoid in order to obtain metric equivalent measurements of taphonomic alteration on an interval-like scale. This technique takes the character condition as well as its proportion into account and translates the taphonomic alteration into data, which behave as interval scaled and thus allows for the use of parametric as well as non-parametric statistics. Tests of Echinocyamus pusillus from Giglio Island (Mediterranean Sea, Italy) were analyzed with respect to a suite of taphonomic features including abrasion of the test surface, tubercles, ambulacral and genital pore margins as well as, if present, the outline and cross section of predatory drillholes. The degree of fragmentation and encrustation was also determined. Taphonomic features were analyzed using a semi-quantitative approach with three degrees of test alteration including non-altered, moderately altered, and highly altered which were statistically analyzed using non-parametric statistics due to highly non-normal distributed data. Abrasion intensities vary among different surface characters, with exposed areas of the test showing higher abrasion intensities than sheltered areas. Fragmentation occurs in low frequencies (7%) and fractures in the tests are almost absent (1.7%). Encrustation rates by bryozoans and serpulids can cover up to 80% of the test surface, but vary strongly among individuals and sample sites. Encrustation is independent of test size and prolongs overall test survival by crossing plate boundaries. The presence of drillholes in decreasing test preservation potentials is discussed with respect to analytical parameters.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2016, 61, 3; 681-699
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Echinoids as substrates for encrustation : review and quantitative analysis
    Autorzy:
    Borszcz, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191302.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    Echinoids
    encrustation
    Recent
    fossil record
    patterns
    meta-analysis
    review
    Opis:
    The existing literature, including records of both fossil and extant echinoid encrustation, is quantitatively analysed and reviewed. This shows that echinoid encrustation (number of encrusted echinoid taphocoenoses) has increased nearly continuously and dramatically to the present day, as confirmed by linear regression values of more than 85 per cent. It also demonstrates that current levels of echinoid fouling stabilised by the Miocene, while there has been a more or less continuous record of echinoid encrustation since the Late Cretaceous. Several increases have been identified since echinoid encrustation first noted occurrence from the Late Carboniferous. This trend is explained as the probable result of corresponding increases in productivity (richness, biomass, energetics, ecospace utilisation) and resources in the marine environment, including epibionts and their hosts. This conclusion matches other indicators, including the number and thickness of shell beds, bioerosion and predation intensity or biodiversity. The trajectory might have been altered to some degree by biases (e.g. selective recording, sampling effort, outcrop area, rock volume) in the same way as palaeobiodiversity estimates. Two recognised long-term gaps in echinoid encrustation (Upper Ordovician–Lower Carboniferous and Permian–Lower Cretaceous) are explained in part as bias and as biological and taphonomic signals. These gaps are caused mostly by the rapid disarticulation of Palaeozoic-type echinoids, the methodology applied here, and a lack of interest in the encrustation of Jurassic echinoids. Conversely, three short-term gaps in the Cenozoic are interpreted exclusively as bias. If correct, the present study demonstrates quantitatively the step-wise increase of productivity through time. It also suggests potential focus on further study, including the collection of new data from the field and pre-existing collections, as best for other encrustation proxies (e.g., percent of coverage by epibionts, ratio of encrusted to nonencrusted shells, taxa richness or numerical abundance of sclerobionts) in cases of large-scale analyses.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2012, 82, 2; 139--149
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Encrustation of inarticulate brachiopods on scaphitid ammonites and inoceramid bivalves from the Upper Cretaceous U. S. Western Interior
    Autorzy:
    Landman, N. H.
    Slattery, J. S.
    Harries, P. J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/138917.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    inarticulate brachiopods
    Pierre Shale
    Maastrichtian
    inoceramids
    ammonites
    encrustation
    ramienionogi
    mastrycht
    inoceramy
    amonity
    nawarstwianie
    Opis:
    The inarticulate brachiopod Discinisca is a rare faunal element in the Upper Cretaceous of the U.S. Western Interior. We report two occurrences of encrustation of Discinisca on a scaphitid ammonite (scaphite) and several inoceramids from the lower Maastrichtian Baculites baculus/Endocostea typica Biozones of the Pierre Shale at two localities. Six specimens of Discinisca are present on a single specimen of Hoploscaphites crassus from eastcentral Montana. They occur along the furrow at the mature apertural margin. Because the brachiopods are restricted to the margin and do not occur on the rest of the shell, it is likely that they encrusted the ammonite during its lifetime. If so, this implies that the soft body of the scaphite did not cover the outside surface of the aperture, leaving this area vulnerable to epizoan attachment. A total of 13 specimens of Discinisca are also present on four specimens of Cataceramus? barabini from east-central Wyoming. The brachiopods occur in crevices on the outside of the shells and may have encrusted the inoceramids after their death as the shells began to break down and delaminate, resulting from the decomposition of the organic matrix holding them together. Based on the faunal assemblages at both localities, the presence of Discinisca may indicate environments with either low oxygen levels and/or few predators or competitors.
    Źródło:
    Acta Geologica Polonica; 2016, 66, 4; 645-662
    0001-5709
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Geologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Live-live and live-dead interactions in marine death assemblages: The case of the Patagonian clam Venus antiqua
    Autorzy:
    Gordillo, S.
    Archuby, F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/946028.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    mollusca
    bivalvia
    biotic interactions
    drilling predation
    crushing
    epibionts
    postmortem encrustation
    recent
    pleistocene
    patagonia
    Opis:
    In this work we studied bioerosion and encrustation on dead shells of the shallow benthic clam Venus antiqua from Patagonia Argentina with the aim of understanding biotic interactions (live/live interaction) and postmortem encrustation (live/dead interaction). In this regard, drill hole analysis and epibiont distribution in shells from modern death assemblages were performed. Additionally, we analyzed crushing traces in the shells of the drilling gastropod Trophon geversianus, which were caused by another predator. The analysis of drill hole placement and epibiont distribution on V. antiqua shells show drill holes (75%) and the epibiont Crepidula spp. (70.91%) more concentrated in the upper sector of the valve, which might be explained by the vertical position and a semi-infaunal mode of life in this clam. Nevertheless, the presence of drill holes in the lower sector of the valve indicates that clams spent part of the time reclining on the sediment. There is also evidence that clams with Crepidula spp. as commensals are less frequently attacked by drilling gastropods. Besides, a high percentage of articulated clams (30.97%) show signs of attack by drilling gastropods, but incomplete drill holes (7.67%) also suggest failed attempts, resulting in a minimum of 23.30% of successful predation. These incomplete drill holes may suggest failed attempts due to another predator attack upon the snails consuming the clams thus interrupting the feeding activity: more than 60% of marks of crushing in T. geversianus shells could have been produced by other predators, such as crabs. The postmortem encrustation on V. antiqua shells (35%) was mainly produced by calcareous polychaetes, preferably located on the inner side of the valve indicating that the empty shells of V. antiqua served as cryptic environment before they become exposed on the beach. Finally our data show that drilling frequency is very low in Pleistocene assemblages, suggesting changes in burial depth dynamics of this suspension feeder.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2014, 59, 2; 429-442
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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